Space Capacity Building in the XXI Century PDF
Preview Space Capacity Building in the XXI Century
Studies in Space Policy Stefano Ferretti Editor Space Capacity Building in the XXI Century Studies in Space Policy Volume 22 Series Editor European Space Policy Institute, Vienna, Austria Edited by: European Space Policy Institute, Vienna, Austria Director: Jean-Jacques Tortora Editorial Advisory Board: Marek Banaszkiewicz Karel Dobeš Genevieve Fioraso Stefania Giannini Gerd Gruppe Max Kowatsch Sergio Marchisio Fritz Merkle Margit Mischkulnig Dominique Tilmans Frits von Meijenfeldt https://espi.or.at/about-us/governing-bodies The use of outer space is of growing strategic and technological relevance. The development of robotic exploration to distant planets and bodies across the solar system, as well as pioneering human space exploration in earth orbit and of the moon, paved the way for ambitious long-term space exploration. Today, space exploration goes far beyond a merely technological endeavour, as its further development will have a tremendous social, cultural and economic impact. Space activities are entering an era in which contributions of the humanities — history, philosophy, anthropology —, the arts, and the social sciences — political science, economics, law — will become crucial for the future of space exploration. Space policythuswillgaininvisibilityandrelevance.TheseriesStudiesinSpacePolicy shall become the European reference compilation edited by the leading institute in thefield,theEuropeanSpacePolicyInstitute.Itwillcontainbothmonographsand collections dealing with their subjects in a transdisciplinary way. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8167 Stefano Ferretti Editor Space Capacity Building in the XXI Century 123 Editor StefanoFerretti European Space Policy Institute Vienna,Austria ISSN 1868-5307 ISSN 1868-5315 (electronic) Studies in SpacePolicy ISBN978-3-030-21937-6 ISBN978-3-030-21938-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21938-3 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2020 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregard tojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Foreword ItisagreathonourandanimmensepleasureformetointroducethisbookonSpace Capacity Building in the XXI Century. It is the fruit of an intense effort made by Stefano Ferretti to put together many contributions from a multitude of highly knowledgeable experts on the various aspects of space capacity building from all over the planet. Itisalsoafollow-upandoneofthemanyoutcomesoftheoutstandingworkshop on “Space2030 and Space 4.0: Synergies for Capacity Building in the XXI Century”, organized by the European Space Policy Institute (ESPI), co-organized by UNOOSA, with the support of ESA, on the 3rd of February 2018. This was a contributiontothe—atthattimeupcoming—UNISPACE+50eventtocelebratethe fiftieth anniversary of the first United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. The ambition of this book is to provide an extensive overview of the national and international policy frameworks in relation to space capacity building and the rationalesfortheiradoptiononaglobalscale.Themethodologyappliedconsistsof: – Consideringvariousexamplesofspacecapacitybuildingeffortsacrossdifferent regions as implemented by a range of actors from agencies to industry, from NGOs to users; – Presentingspacecapacitybuildingprogramsthatcanempowertheinternational communitytowardsfullyaccessingallthepotentialbenefitsofspaceassetsand data, for a sustainable socio-economic development. Currently, new innovation models are increasingly spread across sectors and dis- ciplines, including space, which is becoming an integral part of many societal challenges (e.g. telecoms, weather, climate change and environmental monitoring, civil protection, infrastructures, transportation and navigation, health care and education). Thisbook,editedbyESPI,isthefirstinternationalpublicationthatanalysesthe multiple challenges associated with space capacity building across the board. It assists readers in defining achievable ambitions in this matter, constructing their own technical and operational road maps involving renowned and knowledgeable v vi Foreword stakeholders but also new private actors, NGOs and civil society, and in mapping out the available opportunities, summarizing the most appropriate programmatic options for their successful implementation. Starting from a policy and strategy perspective, the book dives into some key areas of capacity building including innovation and exploration, global health, climate change and resilient societies. It showcases reflections from a range of senior space and non-space professionals as well as users from around the world, who kindly agreed to share their unique perspectives and solutions to make space technology and applications increasingly accessible. The outcome is a rich mosaic where different cultural and policy approaches to space are translated into actionable programs and ideas so that space may truly benefit all of humankind. Vienna, Austria Jean-Jacques Tortora Director of the European Space Policy Institute Preface The space sector is undergoing a paradigmatic shift, which is bringing about a rapidly evolving and increasingly complex space agenda with more participants, both governmental and non-governmental, increasingly involved in ventures to explore space and carry out space activities. As new spacefaring nations emerge, the risk of duplicating activities and missing opportunities to improve our liveli- hoods on Earth should be offset by promoting cooperation and the spread of best practices and cutting-edge technologies across the globe, creating common frameworks and dialogue platforms to accompany this process. The year 2018 marked the 50th anniversary of the first United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space—UNISPACE +50. This conference reviewed the contributions that three previous UNISPACE conferences (UNISPACE I, held in 1968, UNISPACE II, held in 1982, and UNISPACE III, held in 1999) have made to global space governance. In line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Sustainable Development Goals, UNISPACE+50 aimed to chart thefuture role of the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS), its subsidiary bodies and the United NationsOfficeforOuterSpaceAffairs(UNOOSA).TheactivitiesofUNOOSAare anintegralpartoftheUNISPACE+50thematiccycleandareaimedatcontributing to four pillars: space economy, space society, space accessibility and space diplomacy. Ontheoccasionofthe50thanniversaryofthefirstUNISPACEConference,the European Space Policy Institute also organized a high-level conference, together withUNOOSAandtheEuropeanSpaceAgency.Theconferencewasstructuredas adialogueplatformforarangeofdifferentactorswhohaveastakeinfuturespace governance and services, and this book summarizes the relevant findings and recommendations, outlining the synergies between the United Nations agenda Space2030andtheSpace4.0strategyoftheEuropeanSpaceAgencyandproviding insightsintovariousareasanddisciplinesthatarerelatedtothemostinnovativeand recent socio-economic developments impacted by evolving space policies. vii viii Preface The overarching framework of the book is Space Capacity Building in the XXI Century and it is based on the high-level contributions from the key stakeholders who will shape the space agendas and programs for the coming decades, proving useful guidance to policymakers on a global scale and ultimately benefitting citi- zens by fully exploiting the potential of space in addressing user needs. In fact, “Capacity-building for the twenty-first century” is the 7th Thematic Priority of UNISPACE+50 andit isthemost cross-cuttingaspect oftheinitiative, responding totherequestofthevariousMemberStatesoftheUnitedNationsseekingtodefine new innovative and effective approaches to overall capacity building and devel- opment needs, as a fundamental pillar of global space governance. Internationalcooperationisessentialinthenewspaceecosystem,andtherefore, the book identifies potential synergies for capacity building on a global scale, describing their guiding principles and providing concrete examples of these evolving policies in Africa, America, Asia and Europe. In doing so, the various contributions address the most prominent ongoing developments in the XXI cen- tury, focusing on four thematic priorities of UNISPACE+50: (cid:129) Global partnership in space exploration and innovation; (cid:129) Strengthened space cooperation for global health; (cid:129) International cooperation towards low-emission and resilient societies; (cid:129) Capacity building for the twenty-first century. Thereaderswillthereforebeabletoappreciateboththeholisticperspectivesofthe high-level policies and strategies, as well as the programmatic developments in theirmainareasofinterest,byexploringthefutureapproachesofthediversegroups of stakeholders involved in innovation, exploration, global health and climate change. These stakeholders contribute with individual chapters to the book, describing in detail policies, strategies and programmatic actions in their areas of interest. Readers will find this book to be a starting point to identify local and regional initiativeslinkingspaceactivitiesandamoresustainabledevelopmentofourworld, drawing inspiration and identifying potential avenues to promote further collabo- ration and create stronger networks for space capacity building in the twenty-first century. Vienna, Austria Stefano Ferretti Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge the significant support in the conceptualization and organization of the joint conference “Space2030 and Space 4.0: synergies for capacity building in the XXI century”, which took place at ESPI in preparation of UNISPACE+50, provided by the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, and its Director Simonetta Di Pippo, the European Space Agency, and its Chief Strategy Officer Kai-Uwe Schrogl, and the European Space Policy Institute, its Director Jean-Jacques Tortora, and the respective teams. Aspecialmentiongoestotheco-chairsoftheESPI-UNOOSA-ESAconference for their support in the management of its four sessions and for their valuable insights in the construction of a rich narrative, which included different points of view, personal experiences and a forward looking approach to space capacity building: Natalia Archinard, Head of the Swiss Delegation to UN COPUOS (Federal Department of Foreign Affairs), Ana Ávila, Costa Rica Delegation to UN COPUOS, Yeshey Choden, Ministry of Information and Communications (Bhutan), Lorant Czaran, Programme Officer (UNOOSA), Jorge Del Rio Vera, ProgrammeOfficer(UNOOSA), Isabelle Duvaux-Béchon,Head of Member States Relations and Partnerships Office (ESA), Funmilayo Erinfolami, Scientific Staff (UN Regional Centre, Nigeria), Daniel Garcia Yarnoz, Programme Officer (UNOOSA), Beth Healey, Former ESA Medical Doctor (Spaceflight Analogue Concordia, Antarctica), Clelia Iacomino, Resident Fellow (ESPI), Shirishkumar Ravan, Senior Programme Officer (UNOOSA), Luc St-Pierre, Chief of the Space Applications Section (UNOOSA), and also to Otto Koudelka, Professor and Head of the Institute of Communications Networks and Satellite Communications (TU Graz), for providing the closing statement. I am very grateful in particular to all the authors of the book chapters, that believedinsuchanenterprise,joiningforcesandinvolvingmanykeystakeholders, lookingatcapacitybuildingfromvariousdifferentangles,oftenthinkingoutofthe boxwhilefocusingonmakingameaningfulsynthesisforthereaders,thatcannow betakenupbykeydecision-makersindevelopinginnovativeframeworksforspace capacitybuildingintheXXIcentury,forthebenefitofallhumankind.Inaddition, ix
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