Space Architecture Education for Engineers and Architects: Designing and Planning Beyond Earth

332 Pages·2016·13.628 MB·English

by  Sandra Häuplik-Meusburger, Olga Bannova (auth.)

Space and Society
Series Editor: Douglas A. Vakoch
Sandra Häuplik-Meusburger
Olga Bannova
Space Architecture
Education for
Engineers and
Architects
Designing and Planning Beyond Earth
Space and Society
Series editor
Douglas A. Vakoch, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA
and California Institute of Integral Studies, San Francisco, CA, USA
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11929
ä
Sandra H uplik-Meusburger
Olga Bannova
Space Architecture Education
for Engineers and Architects
Designing and Planning Beyond Earth
123
Sandra Häuplik-Meusburger OlgaBannova
Institute for Architecture andDesign Cullen Collegeof Engineering
Vienna University of Technology University of Houston
(TUVienna) Houston, TX
Vienna USA
Austria
ISSN 2199-3882 ISSN 2199-3890 (electronic)
Space andSociety
ISBN978-3-319-19278-9 ISBN978-3-319-19279-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-19279-6
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016932516
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar
methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom
therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the
authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor
foranyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.
Coverdesign:PaulDuffield
Printedonacid-freepaper
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature
TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerland
Foreword
Space Architecture as a Discipline
When author Jules Verne wrote “From the Earth to the Moon”1 in 1865 and
“Around the Moon”2 in 1870, he conceptually designed rockets and human space
habitatsinordertoexplorethemoon.Hisimaginationwasremarkable,atthattime
in history there were no functional rockets, satellites, or even airplanes. Yet, Jules
Vernethoughtfullyconsideredthemanydimensionsandvariablesofhumansliving
intheextremeenvironmentofspaceandappliedthelawsofphysicsknownatthat
time. His escape velocity was remarkably close. Many of his concepts of the
environment of space were prescient. Certainly he captured the imagination of
many people during the following 150 years. He influenced generations with his
passionate writing about science and exploration. How much did he influence the
future?Duringthelast60years,theUnitedStateshaslanded18menonthesurface
of the moon; the US, Russia, and China have launched over 400 humans into
Earth's orbit; the US and Russia have built complex permanently occupied space
stations; an International Space Station (ISS) with more than 20 member nations
now orbits the Earth; and China is poised to build its own space station within the
next decade. On the horizon, India plans to launch humans into space for the first
time. As the ISS passes its 15th anniversary, the eyes of many nations are once
again turned towards the moon as a permanent research base, and the next step
towards landing humans on Mars. What will the spacecraft and stations look like?
How will they be resupplied? What will be their primary functions? How will
in situ resources be integrated? How do we support psychological needs of crews
whomaybeawayfromEarthformorethan2years?“Space”isalsonowatourist
destination. How will designs change for a commercial space and tourism?
1NovelbyJulesVerne,firstpublishedasDelaTerrealaLune(1865).
2Jules Verne’s sequel to “From the Earth to the Moon”, first published as Autour de la Lune
(1870).
v
vi Foreword
This is no longer science fiction, but is science and engineering fact. We have
also learned that space exploration is complex and very unforgiving of error.
Designing spacecraft and space and planetary habitats for humans requires
knowledge spanning a range of disciplines: engineering, medical sciences, psy-
chology, human factors, life support systems, radiation protection/space weather,
andotherextremespaceenvironments,ataminimum.Thesedisciplinesmustresult
in an integrated human-centered system, which should also be reliable, safe, and
sustainable. This is space architecture.
In the first 50 years of spaceflight, “Space Architecture” evolved within the
organizationsandcompaniestaskedwithimplementingthemissions.Engineersand
scientists trained and educated themselves. As the next generation of humans
assumesitsplaceintheinevitablepursuitofnewexplorationhorizons,itistimeto
provideatextbook forstudentsthatcaptures thecollectiveexperience,knowledge,
and wisdom of those who have paved the way, step by step. This book does just
that—addressing all steps of the design process from mission planning, to design
validation, demonstration and testing, to operations. Who knows what the future
will hold? Perhaps, in the next 150 years, Space Architecture will be a degree
offered at most universities, with its own certificated licensing requirements.
Dr. Bonnie J. Dunbar
Former NASA Astronaut, PhD NAE FRSE (corr)
UH Cullen College of Engineering
M.D. Anderson
Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Director, UH STEM Center (Science Engineering Fair Houston (SEFH))
Director, Aerospace Engineering Graduate Program
and Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture
University of Houston
Preface and Acknowledgments
The authors are very grateful to all who participated in this project. Without their
generouscontributions,thisbookwouldnotbecomplete.Wedeeplyappreciateour
gueststatementsbyinvitedauthorsfortheirsupportandgreatadditionalinsightson
space architecture topics:
Chris Welch on ‘The Essence of Interdisciplinarity’ in Chap. 1 Introduction.
BrandN.Griffinon‘TheRoleoftheSpaceArchitect’inChap.2,Chap.4andthe
Appendix.
Brent Sherwood on ‘Space Architecture Education—Site, Program, and Meaning’
in Chap. 2.
MarcM.Cohenon‘Mockups101:TechnologyReadinessLevelsforMockupsand
Simulator’ in Chap. 3.
Madhu Thangavelu on ‘The Moon or Mars: Where might we settle first?’ in
Chap. 3.
TheodoreW.Hallon‘ArtificialGravityandImplicationsforSpaceArchitecture’in
Chap. 4.
LobascioCesareon‘EnvironmentalControlandLifeSupportSystems’inChap.5.
Haym Bennaroya and Leonhard Bernold on ‘Engineering and Construction of
Lunar Bases’ in Chap. 5.
Kriss J. Kennedy on ‘The TransHab Project’ in Chaps. 5 and 6.
Our special gratitude goes to Donna Duerk for her intense editorial work and
thoughtfulguidanceduringthelaststageoftheproject.Thisbookalsobenefitedfrom
MarcCohen’scritiqueonselectedtopics,wearethankfulforhishelpandefforts.
Special thanks to AIAA Space Architecture subcommittee’s Habitability &
Human Factors group, especially Dr. Regina Peldszus for her input on references
for further study.
vii
viii PrefaceandAcknowledgments
We appreciate the hard work of Mag.a phil. Marlies Stohl and Marlies Arnhof
who helped us with the final formatting and Amine Khouni for his help with
drawings and images. The authors also thank James Pass and Herwig Meusburger
for their help and support.
Sandra Häuplik-Meusburger
Olga Bannova
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 The Field of Space Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Structure of the Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Benefits for the Reader. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 How to Use This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.5 Guest Statement: The Essence of Interdiscliplinarity
(Chris Welch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2 Approaches and Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1 Introduction and Chapter Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2 Future Tasks and Upcoming Challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3 Educational Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3.1 The Engineering Approach to Habitation Design. . . . . . . . 12
2.3.1.1 Engineering Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3.2 The Architectural Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3.2.1 Architectural and Design Studios . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3.3 The Space Architecture Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4 Educational Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.4.1 Master of Science in Space Architecture Program
(SICSA, University of Houston) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.4.1.1 NASA Grants and Cooperation with Industry. . . . 20
2.4.2 Destination Moon Design Studio (TU Vienna,
Vienna University of Technology). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.4.2.1 Evaluation Criteria for Student Projects. . . . . . . . 23
2.4.3 MASH—Deployable Emergency Shelter Study
(TU Vienna, Vienna University of Technology) . . . . . . . . 26
2.4.3.1 Prototyping and Field Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.5 Guest Statement: The Role of the Space Architect—Part 1
(Brand N. Griffin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.5.1 Architectural Versus Engineering Approach . . . . . . . . . . . 31
ix