Sovereignty as Value PDF
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Sovereignty as Value .d e vre se r sth g ir llA .sre h silb u P d le ife lttiL & n a m w o R .1 2 0 2 © th g iryp o C Sovereignty as Value, edited by André Santos Campos, and Susana Cadilha, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2021. Values and Identities: Crossing Philosophical Borders SeriesEditors: PaulCrowtherisProfessorofPhilosophyattheNationalUniversityofIreland,Galway TsarinaDoyleisLecturerinPhilosophyattheNationalUniversityofIreland,Galway How do values define human identity and the different activities through which this identity finds expression? Values and Identities: Crossing Philosophical Borders pub- lishes research-led monographs and edited collections that face this problem head on. Titlesinthisseriesinvestigatespecificformsofvalueand,inparticular,howtheyinteract acrosssocietalcontextstoformmorecomplexidentities. TitlesintheSeries VirtueasIdentity:EmotionsandtheMoralPersonality,AleksandarFatić HumanValue,EnvironmentalEthicsandSustainability:ThePrecautionaryEcosystem HealthPrinciple,MarkRyan NormativeIdentity,PerBauhn(forthcoming) IncommensurabilityanditsImplicationsforPracticalReasoning,EthicsandJustice, MartijnBoot CharlesTaylor’sDoctrineofStrongEvaluation:EthicsandOntologyinaScientificAge, MichielMeijer OnMusic,ValueandUtopia:NostalgiaforanAgeyettoCome?,StanErraught PartialValues:AComparativeStudyintheLimitsofObjectivity,KevinDeLapp TheRealityofMoney:TheMetaphysicsofFinancialValue,EyjaM.Brynjarsdóttir SovereigntyasValue,editedbyAndreSantosCamposandSusanaCadilha IdealsandMeaningfulness,AndréGrahle(forthcoming) .d Psychosis,RefusalandAutonomy:APhenomenologicalStudyofMentalHealthDeten- e vre tion,OwenEarnshaw(forthcoming) se InhabitingDifference:HarnessingLivedExperienceforCreativeSocialChange,James r sth AbordoOng(forthcoming) g ir llA .sre h silb u P d le ife lttiL & n a m w o R .1 2 0 2 © th g iryp o C Sovereignty as Value, edited by André Santos Campos, and Susana Cadilha, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2021. Sovereignty as Value Edited by Andre Santos Campos and Susana Cadilha .d e vre se r sth g ir llA .sre h silb u P d le ife lttiL & n a m w o R .1 2 0 2 © th g iryp o C ROWMAN&LITTLEFIELD Lanham•Boulder•NewYork• London Sovereignty as Value, edited by André Santos Campos, and Susana Cadilha, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2021. PublishedbyRowman&Littlefield AwhollyownedsubsidiaryofTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 www.rowman.com 6TinworthStreet,LondonSE115AL,UnitedKingdom Selectionandeditorialmatter©AndreSantosCamposandSusanaCadilha.Copyrightin individualchaptersisheldbytherespectivechapterauthors. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyany electronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretrievalsystems, withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewerwhomayquote passagesinareview. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable .de LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData vre se r sth Names:Campos,AndreSantos,1980-editor.|Cadilha, gir llA TitSleu:sSanoav,eerediigtonrt.yasvalue/EditedbyAndreSantosCamposandSusana .sre Cadilha. h silb Description:Lanham:Rowman&Littlefield,[2021]|Series:Valuesand uP identities:Crossingphilosophicalborders|Includesbibliographical d le referencesandindex. ifelttiL Identifiers:LCCN2020049585(print)|LCCN2020049586(ebook)|ISBN & 9781786615879(Cloth:acid-freepaper)|ISBN9781786615886(ePub) na Subjects:LCSH:Sovereignty.|Sovereignty--Philosophy. m w Classification:LCCJC327.S64352021(print)|LCCJC327(ebook)|DDC o R .1 320.1/5--dc23 20 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020049585 2 © LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020049586 th g iryp o C TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican NationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibrary Materials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992. Sovereignty as Value, edited by André Santos Campos, and Susana Cadilha, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2021. Contents Introduction vii AndreSantosCamposandSusanaCadilha PartI:Sovereigntyas‘PopularSovereignty’ 1 1 Sovereignty,thePeople,andPopularSovereignty 3 DiogoPiresAurélio 2 Sovereignty,SomeSkepticalThoughts 21 ChristopherW.Morris 3 IsWeakPopularSovereigntyPossible? 35 .d LudvigBeckman e vre se r sth PartII:SovereigntyasLegitimacy 53 g ir llA 4 OurLegitimateSovereigntyandGlobalResponsibility 55 .sre SergioDellavalle h silb 5 SovereigntyandLegitimateAuthority:WhatLiesbeneath u P d Content-Independence 73 le ife AndreSantosCampos lttiL & n 6 TheParadoxicalValueofSovereigntyinPost-SovereignSociety 91 a m JiříPřibáň w o R .1 7 OntheConceptualLinkbetweenSovereigntyandLegitimacy 109 2 02 AntoniaM.Waltermann © th g iryp o C v Sovereignty as Value, edited by André Santos Campos, and Susana Cadilha, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2021. vi Contents PartIII:SovereigntyasSelf-Determination 125 8 BeyondWestphalia:DemocraticConceptionsofSovereignty andConstellationsofPluralTerritories 127 AnnaMeine 9 CanWeForfeitOurTerritorialRights? 147 MargaretMoore 10 ControllingImmigrationintheNameofSelf-Determination 167 DavidMiller 11 SovereigntyandtheValueofSelf-Determination 183 AyeletBanaiandEszterKollar PartIV:SovereigntyasCosmopolitanChallenge 199 12 CitizenResponsibility,SovereignStates,andOurGlobalized World 201 ChristineHobden 13 HumanRightsRequireYetContestNationalSovereignty:How aHumanRightsCorporationMightHelp 215 BenjaminGregg 14 CriticalCosmopolitanism 233 SorayaNourSckell Bibliography 243 Index 263 .de ListofContributors 269 vre se r sth g ir llA .sre h silb u P d le ife lttiL & n a m w o R .1 2 0 2 © th g iryp o C Sovereignty as Value, edited by André Santos Campos, and Susana Cadilha, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2021. Introduction Andre Santos Campos and Susana Cadilha Theconceptofsovereigntyplayedanimportantrole in shapingandconsoli- dating modern nation-states, as well as the modern system of international relations. This role expressed mostly a heuristic, rather than historical, di- mension. Forinstance,sovereigntydid not cometo light with ‘The Peace of Westphalia’, which merely established a novel system of mutual relations amongequallyautonomouspolitical units (Osiander 2001). Instead, it origi- natedinFrenchandEnglishdebatesoverthenatureofthepoliticalbodythat couldassuageoreliminatecivilandreligiousconflict.Itsclassicunderstand- ing, as framed by Bodin and subsequently developed by later modern theo- rists such as Hobbes, Pufendorf and Rousseau involved both the supreme .d e vre authority of the state and the political and legal independence of geographi- ser sthg coaplmlyensetpoafrnaetewsptaotleistic(Halinresaleliytie1s9r8e6q;uJiarecdksnoenw2i0n0s7tr:uimx)e.nTtshoefhuinstdoerrisctaalnddeinvge.l- ir llA .sreh sovLeriekiegnmtyaniys,ohtohwerecvoenr,cfeaprtsfreommehrgaivnigngfraomuneivaorlcyalmsoednesren.Oponleitcicoaulldthhoaurgdhlty, silbu claim that there issuch athing as acoherent schoolof thought in support of P dle sovereignty.Asaheuristicdevice,itoftenseemedanexplanatorynotion.As ife lttiL therealitiesthattheconceptofsovereigntywasdesignedtoexplainchanged & n or came to face additional challenges, the concept was forced to adapt its a m content at risk of losing relevance. This helps to explain why recurring de- w o R bates on the concept of sovereignty seem to come in waves (Havercroft .1 20 2011:15),includingdisputesbetweenearlytwentieth-centurypolitical theo- 2 © th rists focused on the role of the state and the pluralist proponents of anti- g iryp statism,discussionsofnationalself-determinationintheinterwarperiod,and o C conflicts arising in the context of global decolonization struggles in the 1960sandthe1970s.Differentchallengesfacedbymodernnation-statesand thecorrespondingsystemofinternationalrelationsappealtodifferentrecon- vii Sovereignty as Value, edited by André Santos Campos, and Susana Cadilha, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2021. viii Introduction figurations of the general features of sovereignty, as if sovereignty boiled down ultimately to what Ernst Cassirer called ‘a symbolic form’ (Bartelson 2014). Thefactthatthereisnocoherentdoctrineofsovereigntyinthissensehas, therefore, exposed the concept to several lines of criticism. For instance, whenever the idea of supreme authority is interpreted as synonymous with unlimitedpower,moralclaimstendtoinspirethesearchforalawthatbends thecapacities of sovereign authorities. Also, states and supra-state organisa- tions often interfere in the affairs of other states by imposing legal and political limitations on the exercise of their power. International human rightspracticeisagoodexampleofboththesetendencies. For such reasons, sovereignty commonly requires a set of necessary dis- tinctions. For instance, a state’s internal sovereignty can be understood dif- ferently from the same state’s external sovereignty vis-à-vis other states or relevant international entities (MacCormick 1999: 126). Another distinction is that between formal, legal conceptions of sovereignty (de jure), and the substantive power to act as a sovereign (de facto) (Keating 2001). In both distinctions, sovereignty is made to play more than one explanatory role, dependingontheobjectthatitissupposedtoexplain.Wheneverthiskindof ambiguity seems to impoverish, rather than facilitate, the management of asymmetry of knowledge regarding the nation-state and the modern system ofinternationalrelations,atypicalreactionconsistsinidentifyinga ‘crisisof sovereignty’(Falk1992)andinsubsequentlyrecommendingthattheconcept beforegone,thatitbereplacedwithamoreadequatenotionorthatitbecome dependentoninternationallaw. .d Themostrecentwaveofinterestinsovereigntyhasdeepenedthiskindof e vre reaction. The twenty-first-century rise of globalization and the associated se r sth claims that the sovereign state was fading away into a networked form of gir llA transnationalgovernanceledtoageneralizedbeliefinthecrisisofsovereign- .sre tyandofthestatealtogether,andinthebeginningofapost-Westphalianera. h Still,theconceptitselfhasnotdisappearedfromthespectrumofaglobalized silb uP worldorder.Someauthorsdescribethecurrentstateofworldaffairsas‘post- d le sovereignty’ (Wallace 1999), ‘late sovereignty’ (Walker 2003), or ‘post- ife lttiL sovereign sovereignty’ (Přibáň 2015), as if the conceptual framework of & n sovereigntycouldstretch beyond the modern nation-state and the traditional a m w Westphalian system of international relations and encompass the global de- o R .1 mandsofnetworkstructuresandcosmopolitanism. 2 02 One of the possible reasons for this perseverance is that the concept of © th sovereignty is perhaps more than just explanatory. Insofar as it provides a g iryp basic frame of reference for the comprehension of other concepts, like the o C nation-state or the people, sovereignty is fully heuristic; but whenever it showshowcertain concepts andargumentsshould be understood if they are to be considered valid, sovereignty is also normative. In this sense, far from Sovereignty as Value, edited by André Santos Campos, and Susana Cadilha, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2021. Introduction ix being a delusion (Cocks 2014), it comes across as a value, that is, a choice- guiding standard whose content provides (or is associated with) the criteria fordeterminingwhichorganizedstructureofpowerorauthorityissufficient- ly justified in a certain territory, vis-à-vis certain persons and regarding cer- tain states of affairs. The transition from classic state sovereignty to popular sovereignty illustrates this normative sense of sovereignty. The democratic ideal is closely related to the principle of popular sovereignty because the peopleisthebodythatauthorizesandcreatesthestate’sinstitutionalarrange- ments. The assertion that popular sovereignty implies the ‘subordination of the state to the popular will’ (Post 1998: 437) and that the people are ima- ginedas‘themaster’ofthestate(Yack2001:527)isnotadescriptionofthe power struggles between state officials and citizens—rather, it is the claim that a state structure is legitimate and should be obeyed only when it is authorizedandcreatedbytheagenttowhomsovereigntycanbetracedback (Nootens 2013). In a world of competing claims to political power and au- thority,thischaracteristiccanplayanimportantrole. What is wanting in studies on sovereignty is a conception that not only survivesinaglobalizedpoliticalandlegalcontextbutthatultimatelyempha- sizes this normative character. Certain studies have focused on the logic of sovereignty as practice of justification (Vardoulakis 2013) rather than fol- lowing the more traditional idea, inspired perhaps by Carl Schmitt’s excep- tionalist views, that sovereignty is a quality of decision-makers immune to justification.Suchstudies,however,understandthejustificatoryroleofsove- reigntyasbeingdirectedtowardsviolenceratherthantodemocraticformsof governance, that is to say they understand sovereignty as anti-value rather .d than as value. Sovereignty as Value adopts a different perspective. Its main e vre line of inquiry is whether sovereignty as a normative concept—rather than se r sth being endangered by the globalization of economic organization, transna- gir llA tionalcommerce,cultureandtravel,andthenewcommunicationsmediathat .sre challenge the effective political capacity of the state—can be an important h criterionforassessingifaspecificsourceofclaimstopower(instateformor silb uP not)issufficientlyauthoritative. d le Thisvolumedoesnotseektoanalysewhethersovereigntycanpassatest ife lttiL of moral values in the light of the challenges posed by globalization, but & n mostly to inquire whether sovereignty can function as a standard in itself. a m w Suchapurposerequiresassessingthefunctionthatsovereigntymayperform o R .1 inthecontextoflegitimacy,self-determination,limitation,andrights. 2 02 The book is divided into four parts, each exploring the challenges faced © th byadifferentnormativetaskoftenassociatedwiththeconceptofsovereign- g iryp ty.Thefirstpartfocusesonthetypicaltheoreticalidentificationofsovereign- o C ty with the people, as popular sovereignty. The three chapters that comprise thispartprovideanoverviewofhowthetwoconceptscametoberelatedand of how the very notion ‘popular sovereignty’, taken literally, is based on a Sovereignty as Value, edited by André Santos Campos, and Susana Cadilha, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2021.
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