Southeast Asia and the English School of International Relations: A Region-Theory Dialogue PDF
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Palgrave Studies in International Relations Series General Editors: Knud Erik Jørgensen, Department of Political Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark Audie Klotz, Department of Political Science, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs Syracuse University, USA Palgrave Studies in International Relations, produced in association with the ECPR Standing Group for International Relations, will provide students and scholars with the best theoretically-informed scholarship on the global issues of our time. Edited by Knud Erik Jørgensen and Audie Klotz, this new book series will comprise cutting-edge monographs and edited collections which bridge schools of thought and cross the boundaries of conventional fields of study. Titles include: Pami Aalto, Vilho Harle and Sami Moisio (editors) INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Interdisciplinary Approaches Mathias Albert, Lars-Erik Cederman and Alexander Wendt (editors) NEW SYSTEMS THEORIES OF WORLD POLITICS Robert Ayson HEDLEY BULL AND THE ACCOMMODATION OF POWER Barry Buzan and Ana Gonzalez-Pelaez (editors) INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY AND THE MIDDLE EAST English School Theory at the Regional Level Toni Erskine and Richard Ned Lebow (editors) TRAGEDY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Geir Hønneland BORDERLAND RUSSIANS Identity, Narrative and International Relations Oliver Kessler, Rodney Bruce Hall, Cecelia Lynch and Nicholas G. Onuf (editors) ON RULES, POLITICS AND KNOWLEDGE Friedrich Kratochwil, International Relations, and Domestic Affairs Pierre P. Lizee A WHOLE NEW WORLD Reinventing International Studies for the Post-Western World Hans Morgenthau, Hartmut Behr and Felix Rösch THE CONCEPT OF THE POLITICAL Cornelia Navari (editor) THEORISING INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY English School Methods Dirk Peters CONSTRAINED BALANCING: THE EU’S SECURITY POLICY Linda Quayle SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE ENGLISH SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS A Region-Theory Dialogue Simon F. Reich GLOBAL NORMS, AMERICAN SPONSORSHIP AND THE EMERGING PATTERNS OF WORLD POLITICS Robbie Shilliam GERMAN THOUGHT AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS The Rise and Fall of a Liberal Project Daniela Tepe THE MYTH ABOUT GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY Domestic Politics to Ban Landmines Daniel C. Thomas (editor) MAKING EU FOREIGN POLICY National Preferences, European Norms and Common Policies Rens van Munster SECURITIZING IMMIGRATION The Politics of Risk in the EU Palgrave Studies in International Relations Series Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0230–20063–0 (hardback) 978–0230–24115–2 (paperback) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Southeast Asia and the English School of International Relations A Region-Theory Dialogue Linda Quayle Research Fellow, Monash University, Sunway Campus Linda Quayle © 2013 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-02684-2 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, HampshireRG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries ISBN 978-1-349-43944-7 ISBN 978-1-137-02685-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137026859 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 Contents Acknowledgements viii Abbreviations and Acronyms x List of Interviews xii Introduction 1 The need for a region-theory dialogue 1 The protagonists in the dialogue 4 Southeast Asia and its politics 4 The English School 6 The contributions of the dialogue partners 11 What the ES offers SEA: big pictures and different 11 thinking-spaces What SEA offers the ES: insights on community, 15 hierarchy and agency An overview of the chapters 16 Part I: The society of states in SEA 16 Part II: International society and others 17 Potential challenges to an ES-SEA linkage 19 The ES’s status as ‘theory’ 20 The ES as a Western interpretation of SEA 21 Part I The Society of States in Southeast Asia 25 1 Power and Community in Southeast Asia’s International 27 Society The problem of conflicting narratives 27 The power story 27 The community story 31 Theoretical attempts to deal with the power-community 35 nexus What the ES can offer: a power-and-community lens 37 International society: an amalgam of power and community 37 Theoretical pluralism: schematizing the pressures on 43 international society Small powers, great powers: dealing with the wider region 47 Evaluation: a different picture of interstate relations in and 54 around SEA v vi Contents 2 Practicable ASEAN Community-Building 58 The problem of disconnected ideals and realities 59 What the ES can offer: validation of the slow route to 60 community-building Support for the middle ground 60 Counsels of caution – and cautious hope 63 Ways to frame cooperation differently 67 Another look at consensus 70 Evaluation: a different picture of the ASEAN community 76 3 Learning from Southeast Asia about International Societies 78 Intersections: powers and societies 78 Expanding the ES’s understanding of great powers 78 Discerning the interaction of different levels of 80 international society Intersections: community-building in a non-liberal 81 environment Liberalization 82 Culture and identity 85 Economics 90 Functional cooperation 94 Bases for enhanced ES interpretations of interstate relations 98 Part II International Society and Others 103 4 Non-state Actors: Theoretical Limitations and Problematic 105 Discourses Non-state and beyond-state politics in ES thought 105 The need for a different perspective 109 Civil society and a narrative of gaps 109 Talking but not dialoguing: the ‘problem’ of fragmentation 113 The theoretically vanishing individual 123 5 Regional International Society Meets Its Civil Counterpart 125 The SEA environment: cooperation, institutionalization 125 and hierarchy An ES response: imagining a ‘hierarchical society’ 131 Applying ES ideas to regional civil society in SEA 131 An institutionalization process in a hierarchical 133 environment Formalizing recognition 133 Locating and exploiting common ground 136 Contents vii Learning to engage for the long term 139 Sharing burdens 143 The state of the institutionalization process 147 Evaluation: a different picture of ASEAN and regional civil 149 society 6 Non-state Actors in a Hierarchical World 153 The SEA environment: spaces, states and agency 154 An ES response: a three-cornered conversation 158 Particularism and power 161 Pragmatism and order 164 Borderlessness and emancipation 167 Evaluation: a different picture of non-state actors in a 171 world of states 7 Remembering Southeast Asia’s Individuals 175 The SEA environment: the surprisingly powerful individual 176 An ES response: individuals as agents of change 180 Extending activity spaces 182 Leveraging contact with the world of states 184 Retaining hope 185 Evaluation: a different picture of the individual 187 Conclusion 192 A review of the signposts 192 A synthesis of the signposts 195 Offering a different picture of the region – and why 197 that matters Continuing the dialogue 200 Notes 202 Bibliography 209 Index 242 Acknowledgements I have incurred many debts in writing this book. Particular thanks are due to Derek McDougall for his help and support over several years, but I also want to thank Shaun Narine, Alan Chong, Pradeep Taneja and the anonymous reviewers of various publications for helpful comments on earlier versions, and James Chin, Helen Nesadurai and Jörn Dosch for advice and encouragement. The School of Social and Political Sciences at the University of Melbourne was my academic home for a large part of the research. The S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) at Nanyang Tech- nological University kindly hosted me during a six-month stay in Singapore, where I also benefited enormously from the expertise and resources at the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies and the ASEAN Studies Centre. A fellowship in the School of Arts and Social Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Malaysia, offered further research opportunities and time to write. The biggest academic debt I have incurred, however, is to all those who took time out of extremely busy schedules to grant interviews. Their full details can be found in the List of Interviews and I thank them all most sincerely for so generously and patiently sharing their expertise. They have taught me much more than will fit in one book (although they are not, of course, responsible for any of the conclu- sions I have drawn). For innumerable informative conversations, I am hugely grateful to colleagues and students at International Pacific College, New Zealand, and at Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia. My thanks go, too, to Christina Brian, Julia Willan and Harriet Barker from the editorial team at Palgrave Macmillan, without whose help and support there would have been, quite literally, no book. An earlier version of sections of Chapters 1–3 first appeared in Jurnal Hubungan Internasional (April 2012), 5:1, 1–21 (The ‘English School’, Southeast Asia, and Indonesia: Locating and Defending Productive ‘Middle Ground’). An earlier version of sections of Chapters 4–5 first appeared in The Pacific Review (May 2012), 25:2, 199–222 (Bridging the Gap: an ‘English School’ Perspective on ASEAN and Regional Civil Society), and is reprinted by permission of the publisher (Taylor & Francis Ltd, http://www.tandfonline.com). viii Acknowledgements ix The encouragement and patience of family and friends have been indispensable and I am thankful to them all. Quite outstanding in this field, however, has been my husband, Nigel, who truly bore the heat and burden of the day during this long project. I am more grateful than I can say that he never once wavered in his support for it.
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