South-South Aid: How Developing Countries Help Each Other

237 Pages·1992·22.288 MB·English

by  Donald Bobiash (auth.)

SOUTH-SOUTH AID
South-South Aid
How Developing Countries
Help Each Other
Donald Bobiash
M
St. Martin's Press
e
Donald Bobiash 1992
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1992
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rmt published in Oreat Britain 1992 by
THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basinptoke, Hampshire R021 2XS
and London
Companies and representatives
throughout the world
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-349-11625-6 ISBN 978-1-349-11623-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-11623-2
rmt published in the United Stares of America 1992 by
Scholarly and Reference Division,
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC.,
175 Fifth Avenue,
New York, N.Y. 10010
ISBN 978-0-312-06839-4
Ubrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bobiash, Donald, 1959-
South-south aid : how developing countries help each other I
Donald Bobiash.
p. em.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-312-06839-4
I. Economic assis~Developing countries. 2. Cooperation
Developing countries. I. TItle.
HC60.B59 1992
338.9'1I724-dc20 91-24060
CIP
To the memory of Joseph Bobiash
Contents
Preface viii
Acknowledgements x
List of Abbreviations xi
List of Maps xiv
Introduction
1 The Rise of the South 4
2 South-South Aid Overview 11
3 Aid Evaluation 24
4 The Country Context 37
5 'The Most Welcome People': South-South
Health Aid 57
6 The Greening of the South: South-South Aid
to Agriculture 81
7 South-South Aid for Irrigation 108
8 Windmills and Sports Stadia 135
9 Conclusions 144
Appendix 164
Notes 166
Bibliography 202
Index 218
vii
Preface
Although the vast majority of the world's population live in the developing
world, the study of international relations has emphasized issues relevant to
the wealthier, developed states. Yet., as we approach the twenty-first cen
tury, world politics, commerce and culture will be increasingly influenced
by developing countries.
The Western media. dominated by North American and West European
viewpoints, paints a rather simplistic yet contradictory picture of devel
oping countries. The painful television images of famine and political
strife portray the Third World as a place of suffering and backwardness.
In contrast., the remarkable export success of the newly industrialized
countries is seen as a growing threat to Western economic dominance
and standard of living. However, these contradictory headlines miss the
larger and more important story in Third World development.
In the space of one generation, the vast majority of the population of
the developing world, and therefore the world itself, has undergone a
revolution. This revolution is one of rising living standards and rising
expectations. Progress is no longer reserved for the elites of the planet
- it is now expected by the world's majority. Regional variations not
withstanding, during the last forty years there has been a tremendous
and unparalled increase in life expectancy, literacy rates, and major
improvements in physical ~md economic infrastructure throughout the
Third World. At no time in history have so many of the world's inhabitants
been aware of their potential to develop as individuals, communities and
nations. China, where poverty and illiteracy were the norm just a few
decades ago, has succeeded in meeting the basic needs of its billion plus
population. India. a generation after its independence, launches its own
satellites. Brazil has become the world's tenth largest economy.
Some developing regions have fared better than others. Asia has enjoyed
rapidly rising living standards ~Uld has become a focus of world commerce.
Africa's post-independence optimism has been damaged by continuing pol
itical instability and a decline in living standards in some areas. Although
many Latin American countries have had great success in developing
sophisticated physical infrastructure, debt mId economic mismanagement
have created economic tunnoil and misery for millions.
South-South aid reflects ~md is an integral part of these trends. As
viii
Preface ix
many developing countries consolidate their economic strength, they show
increasing interest in assisting those countries that have been less success
ful. The effectiveness of this development assistance, and how it fits into
the pattern of the emerging relations among developing countries, is the
subject of this book.
DONALD BOBIASH
Acknowl edgements
During the research for this book, I received help from many friends. Papa
Yade in Senegal and Fernando Malam Kamera in Guinea-Bissau provided
hospitality and friendship, for which Mrica is famous, as did Lyse Doucet
in the Ivory Coast Frances Stewart provided the guidance necessary for
the writing of this book. Raymond Lim was an essential Asian friend
and contact. Assistance with some of the technical questions regarding
the preparation of the final manuscript was provided by David Henley,
Kevin Manion and Pervez Nooruddin. I am grateful to my editor, T. M.
Farmiloe, for his assistance and patience. A big debt of gratitude is owed
to my wife Teresa for her support and understanding, and to my parents
who instilled values essential for humanistic research.
I am also grateful for the financial support of many institutions which
made research for this book possible. The Rhodes Scholarship Trust
enabled me to conduct background research at Oxford University, and
provided support for my time in Mrica. Support for work in Oxford also
came from the International Order of Daughters of the Empire. The Inter
national Development Research Centre of Ottawa, Canada, and the Saudi
Fund for Development were sources of funding for the Mrican fieldworlc.
However, the views expressed in this book are those of the author, and do
not necessarily reflect the positions of the above organizations.
x
List of Abbreviations
ADB African Development Bank
AGeD Administration Generale de la Cooperation au
Developpement (Belgium)
AOF Afrique Occidentale Fran~se
ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations
CCCE Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique (France)
CEAO Communaute Economique de l' Afrique de l'Ouest
CEDEAO Communaute Economique des Etats de l' Afrique de I' Ouest
(ECOWAS)
CIA Central Intelligence Agency (USA)
CIDA Canadian International Development Agency
CILSS Comite Permanent Inter-etats de Lutte contre la
Secheresse dans Ie Sahel
CMEA Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
CNEMSC Centro Nacional de Experimenta~ao e Multipli~o
da Semente em Contuboel (National Seed Experimentation
and Production Centre at Contuboel, Guinea-Bissau)
CREC Carantaba Rice Extension Centre (Guinea-Bissau)
DAC Development Assistance Committee (OECD)
DCD Development Co-operation Directorate (OECD)
DEPA Departamento Experimen~ao e Produ~o do Arroz
(Department of Rice Experimentation and Production
Guinea-Bissau)
ECA Economic Commission for Africa
ECOC Economic Co-operation among Developing Countries
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
EDF European Development Fund
F. CFA Franc de la Communaute Financiere Africaine (UMOA)
FAO Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations
FOSIDEC Fonds de Solidarite et d'Intervention de la Communaute
des Etats de l' Afrique de l'Ouest
GBRPP Guinea-Bissau Rice Production Project (USAID)
GOP Gross Domestic Product
GKSF Ghana-Korea Saemaeul Farm
GNP Gross National Product
ha hectare
xi