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SOUTH AFRICA IN AFRICA Trade, Investment and Infrastructure Development Handbook © Department of Trade and Industry, June 2010. Acknowledgements This is a publication of the Department of Trade and Industry (the dti) and was conceptualised by the International Trade and Economic Development (ITED) Division. The project was directed by Messrs George Monyemangene, Head: African Economic Relations (Bilaterals) Unit and Thamsanqa Ngwenya, Director: Central and East Africa Unit. Inputs were received from ITED’s Southern, West, Central and East, and North Africa Directorates. Photos are royalty-free stock images, courtesy of Stock.xchng, www.sxc.hu and Media Club South Africa, www.mediaclub.com the dti Campus 77 Meintjies Street Sunnyside Pretoria 0002 the dti Private Bag X84 Pretoria 0001 the dti Customer Contact Centre: 0861 843 384 the dti Website: www.thedti.gov.za i Contents Preliminary Material Foreword ..............................................................................................................iii Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................................iv Part I: Introduction and Background 1 Purpose of the Handbook ......................................................................................2 Features of the Handbook .....................................................................................3 Compiling the Handbook .......................................................................................4 Part II: South Africa’s Involvement on the Continent 6 Chapter 1 Africa’s Changing Business Environment and Growth Prospects .........................8 Chapter 2 South Africa’s Role in Promoting Infrastructure Development and Capacity-Building in Africa ...................................................................................16 Chapter 3 The Wealth of Opportunities in Africa ..................................................................28 Chapter 4 The Role of the dti in Promoting Greater Intra-African Trade and Investment Opportunities .......................................................................................................34 Chapter 5 An Overview of South African Investment in African Countries ...........................38 Part III: Country-Specific Profiles 48 SOUTHeRN AFRICA 50 Angola ................................52 Mozambique .......................98 Botswana ............................62 Namibia ............................106 Lesotho ...............................70 Seychelles ........................114 Madagascar ........................76 South Africa ......................120 Malawi ................................84 Swaziland .........................128 Mauritius .............................90 Zambia .............................134 eAST AFRICA 150 Zimbabwe .........................142 Kenya ...............................190 Burundi .............................152 Rwanda ............................198 Comoros ...........................160 Somalia ............................206 Djibouti .............................166 Sudan ...............................212 Eritrea ...............................174 Tanzania ...........................120 Ethiopia ............................182 Uganda .............................228 i Contents, cont. CeNTRAL AFRICA 234 Cameroon .........................236 Equatorial Guinea .............266 Central African Republic ...244 Gabon ...............................272 Chad .................................252 Congo ...............................278 DR Congo .........................258 São Tomé e Príncipe ........284 WeST AFRICA 290 Benin ................................292 Liberia ...............................346 Burkina Faso ....................300 Mali ...................................354 Cape Verde ......................306 Niger .................................360 Côte d’Ivoire ....................312 Nigeria ..............................366 Gambia .............................318 Senegal ............................374 Ghana ...............................326 Sierra Leone .....................382 Guinea ..............................334 Togo ..................................388 Guinea-Bissau ..................340 NORTH AFRICA 394 Algeria ..............................396 Mauritania .........................420 Egypt ................................404 Morocco ............................428 Libya .................................412 Tunisia ..............................434 Annexures 440 Annexure I South African Representation on the Continent ................................................440 Annexure II Trade and Investment Contacts in Africa ...........................................................456 Annexure III the dti Africa Directorates .................................................................................459 References 461 ii iii Foreword In recent years, the African continent has undergone a remarkable political and economic transformation. Even though Africa is still faced with governance and development challenges, it is a far better place today than it was twenty years ago. Not only is Africa by and large more politically stable; the increasingly secure political environment across the continent has also coincided with an improving trade and investment climate. Against the backdrop of growing political stability and an improved Minister Rob Davies business environment, Africa has recorded impressive growth. Between Department of Trade and Industry 2001 and 2008, growth in national economic output on the continent averaged 5,9% annually, the strongest consistent performance since the early 1970s. In 2007, sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA’s) exports accounted for 3% of world trade, from 2% in the late 1990s. Yet, despite this improved global trade performance, trade among African countries remains worryingly negligible. Intra- regional trade makes up 10% of the continent’s trade flows, compared with the 75% of trade that takes place among European Union member states and the 50% of trade that occurs within the East Asian and North American regional blocs. Africa has made significant strides in positioning itself as an attractive investment and business destination. However, if African countries are to become internationally competitive and secure economic progress, they must shore up regional integration and expand intra-regional trade. This means, among other things, eliminating tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade, diversifying Africa’s production and exports, strengthening markets and institutions, investing in infrastructure and skills, and lowering the cost of doing business. This publication represents a significant contribution to ongoing efforts to enhance trade and investment co-operation among African countries. It is a detailed guide to trading and investing on the continent and showcases the abundance of commercial opportunities available in all 53 African economies. The Handbook aims to serve as a useful source of information for policy-makers, exporters, businesses and investors. .............................................................................................................. Minister Rob Davies Department of Trade and Industry Republic of South Africa ii iii Abbreviations and Acronyms ACP African Caribbean Pacific AGOA Africa Growth and Opportunity Act AMU Arab Maghreb Union AU African Union BEE Black Economic Empowerment CEMAC Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa CEN-SAD Community of Sahel-Saharan States CEPGL Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries CET Common External Tariff CIA Central Intelligence Agency COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa EAC East African Community ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EDBM Economic Development Board of Madagascar EMIA Export Marketing and Investment Assistance EPZ Export Processing Zone EU European Union FDI Foreign Direct Investment FTA Free Trade Area G8 The G8 stands for the ‘Group of Eight’ nations and comprises Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Russia. The European Commission is also represented. GDP gross domestic product GIPC Ghana Investment Promotion Centre GNI Gross National Income HIPC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries HS Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding Systems ICBC Industrial and Commercial Bank of China ICF African Investment Climate Facility ICSID International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes ICT Information and Communication Technology IFC International Finance Corporation iv v IMF International Monetary Fund ITED International Trade and Economic Development Division (the dti) KIA Kenya Investment Authority LDC Least Developed Country MFA Multi Fibre Agreement MIC Middle-Income Country MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency MRU Mano River Union NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development NIPC Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ODA Official Development Assistance OHADA Organisation for the Harmonisation of African Business Law OPIC Overseas Private Investment Corporation PPP Purchasing Power Parity RDB Rwanda Development Board SACU Southern African Customs Union SADC Southern African Development Community SDI Spatial Development Initiative SME Small and Medium Enterprises SSA sub-Saharan Africa TISA Trade and Investment South Africa the dti Department of Trade and Industry UAE United Arab Emirates UDEAC Customs and Economic Union of Central Africa UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development USA United States of America VAT Value-added tax WEAMU West African Economic and Monetary Union WHO World Health Organisation WIPO World Intellectual Property Organisation WTO World Trade Organization iv v vi 1 Part I: Introduction and Background vi 1 Purpose of the Handbook The African business environment is dynamic, diverse and constantly evolving, with opportunities for trade and investment growing rapidly across the continent. In order to capitalise on these opportunities, it is crucial for African traders and investors to have access to up-to-date information on the structure and performance of individual African economies, the nuances of doing business in these countries, and the existing and potential opportunities for trade and investment across the continent. With this in mind, the Department of Trade and Industry (the dti) has produced the South Africa in Africa: Trade, Investment and Infrastructure Development Handbook to serve as a comprehensive guide to trading and investing on the continent. The Handbook is designed to provide a single source of up-to-date information to policymakers, exporters, businesses and investors on broad economic trends and growth prospects in Africa, infrastructure development and capacity-building initiatives on the continent, and the wealth of trade and investment opportunities available in African economies. Moreover, the Handbook provides detailed country-specific information that will assist in the development of trade and investment strategies and decision-making relating to business ventures in individual African economies. The Handbook represents the second edition of the South Africa in Africa: Trade, Investment and Infrastructure Development Handbook originally published by the dti in 2007. This second edition substantially updates and reconceptualises the original volume. 2 3
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