Some new parnassiine butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) from Nepal in the Haruta collection

9 Pages·1998·2 MB·

TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan
uttma 7)ans.iepiSdoa Japan 49 (3):147-IS5,June 1998

Some butterflie(sLepidoptePraap,ilionidaef)rom Nepal in
new parnassiine
the Haruta cellection
Keiichi OMoToi) and Yuichi KAwAsAKi2)
]) 4-3I-3Kamimeguro, Meguro-ku,Tokyo, 153-O051Japan

Z) 2-3-33Nakashima Chuuou, Ooita, 870-O049 Japan

Abstract We examined the spocimens ofthe genus Parnassius, Papilionidae, collected by the
lat eMr Toshiro Haruta in Nepal, and found some new or litt lkenown taxa. They are: P.
stotitzkanus Felder & Felder from Mahakali, the westernmost region of Nepal, A simo Gray and
A acdestis Grum-Grshimailo from Khumbu, north-east Nepal, and R simo Gray from Mechi,
the easternmost region ofNepai. In this paper, we describ ethree new subspecies as fo11ow s: R
stoficgkanus hanitaL R sitno kanoi and R simo kangchenus. We also found that jE stofitzL
kanus nobuko Ohya should belong to R stenosemus Honrath both in the wing markings and
male genitalia ,confirming the treatment made by Inomata (1998 )A.lso, a single female
specimen ofR acdestis horrkatsuhik oSihinkai from Khumbu i srecorded and discusse idn terrns
of geographica lvariation.
Key words Papilionidae, Parnassius, new subspecies, Nepal, taxonomy.
Introduction
Toshiro Haruta (1922-19 wa9s6 )a remarkable person who devoted much ofhis late rlif eto
the collection of LepidDptera of Nepal. Particularl yinvaluabl eis his moth collection
recorded in a series Qf the supplement of the journ aolf the Japan Heterocerists 'Society:
`'11nea" (Se eH,aruta, T. (Ed. )1,998) . Through his alpinist Japanese friend sand Nepalese
he 1arge butterilies, fu11y
collectors also obtained a number of which are still not examined.
Recently ,Morishita and Inomata (199 8an)d Inomata (199 81)iste dsome ofthem with colour
photographs without descripti oonf new taxa.
It was mere than twenty years ago, in the middle of 1970's ,when Mr Haruta visited one of
(K,O,)inTokyo, He breughtfor few butterfiies by
us examination a parnassiine collected
Katsuhiko Kano, a cultural anthropologist studying Sherpas who liv eat high altitude in the
Khumbu region near Mt Everest, north-east Nepal. The specimens were three rnales of P,
simo Gray and a female of R acdestis Grum-Grshimailo, which to K, O,'s knowledge were
new to Nepal, and should have to be deseribe das new subspecies. At that time, however,
very few specimens to be compared were available, and the ful lstudy had to be postponed.
The sudden death of Mr Haruta in September 1996 ,however, caused K. O. a deep sense of
regret for not having studied these specimens earlier, and this prompted usLto write this report.
Since the late r1980's ,Mr Haruta's butterf lcoyllection grew rapidly due to his effort to train
Nepalese collectors, Studie son them have thus far been partly carried out on Pieridae,
Satyrida eN,ymphalidtte ,Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae (Morish iantda Inomata, 1998) and on
Ptimassius (Inomat a19,98). In ]995, Mr Haruta sent ene of the Nepalese collectors he
trained, Mr M. S, Limbu of Kathmandu, to the Mahakali Valley region in the westernmost
part of Nepal up north to Tata (4,4 9m)0 near the borde rof Tibet. In 1996, Mr Limbu
carried out another collecting trip to the Mt Kangcheniunga area in Mechi District ,the
easternmost part of Nepal, Both trips were exceedingly suocessfu1 and a large number of
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148 Kenchi OMoTo andYulchlKAwASAKI
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Some Parnassiin Beutterfl ifersom Nepal 149

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\. 5 . R a ed es t is h o r th a t s u h t Sh hoi in k a i ,4 , G ok y o 5 , OOO-5 ,3oo m , Khumbu, north-
east N ep a l , l eg . Ka t su h i ko K a no , J un e 6 , 1 9 7 3 , 6 .Ditto ,paratype,g
Figs 7-8. Type specimens of ParnassT'ta sspp. in The Natural History Museu m , Couitesy of
Dr P . R. Ae k er y . 7 ,R stotikzkanus kumaonensts Riley, holotype, ,?n, Sillun g12,500 ft,
Nort h K u m a o n, J u l y 7, 19 2 4. 8 . R s im o a cc on z as F r u hs t o r fe(r=moenleri Bingham),
syntype, ,sn, Sikkim, 16,OOO-19,300 ft ,July.
Figs9 17. Pamassizt ssimo sspp, from Nep a l a nd Ti b et . 9 .R s. kanoi ssp. nov.. hototype,
dn, Gokyo 5,OOO-5,300 m, Khumbu, n or th -e a st er n N ep a l. 1 0. Ditto, paratype ,di. r1,
Ditto,paratyp ed,n. I2 ,Rshingston i BT y k, d i , Thakare 5..300 m, near Rumbuk, north
ofMt Everest, southern Tibet . 13.P, s shishapangmanus Kawasaki, holotype, cr, Mt
Shishapangma 5,200-5,400m ,southern T i be t , 1 4. P . s. s im o Gray, di ,Tata 4,490m,
Mahakali, western Nepal. 15 .Rs k an g c h en u s s sp . n ov ., holotype ,ciq, Lhonak 4,550
m, west of Mt Kangchenjunga ,ea st ern N e pa l . 1 6 . D it t o, paratype ,9. 17. Rs.
prominentus Kawasaki, paratype, di, Monda-La 5,300 m, southern Tibet,
butterfl iweerse obtained. We were able to examine the parnassiine butter[f lciolelsected in
these two trips in detai 1and reach some interesti cnognclusions, which are also discusse din
thispaper

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Descriptions discussions
and
Ptimassius stoliczkanus harutai subsp. noy. (Fig s1-2)
Parnassiu sstofitzkanus ssp.:Inomata, 199g ,7}nea 15 (Suppl 1,):312, pl. 160, fig s4-6,
Size : Considerably large r(avera gmaele fbrewing lengt h26 mm) than the nominotypical
subspecies occurring in Rupshu, north-western Great Himalayas, and slightly large rthan ssp.
kumaonensi Rsitey* and ssp. jlorenc Tiyatele rdistribut eidn the northern Kumaon region,
India ,adjacent to western Nepal. Forewing: Simila rto ssp. kumaonensi sb,ut clearly
distinguishabl efrom it as fbllows ,(1 )Black spot in median cell is undeveloped and
definite lsmyaller. (2 )Ground colour is pure white, fringe sare white. (3 )Black submar-
gina lband is strongly developed and tends to be combined with marginal band at spaces 1
and 2. Hindwing: (1 )Red spot in space 5 is smaller than in ssp, spitten sBiasng-Haas, but
much more developed than in ssp. kumaonenst asnd ssp. jlorenc iaOen. the other hand, the
spot in space 7 disappear s.(2 )Black marginal band is broad and well developed ,involving
the submarginal black spots with blue scales. (3 )Red spot in the ana] region is usually well
developed.
Male genital i(aFi g1s8-19), Clearly distinguish efdrom those of R stenosemus Hourath,
particular liyn the form of dorsum, basal part of uncus being fused ,Also, the form ofjuxta
is differe nftrom each other. We show fbr comparison the drawings of genital ioaf ssp.
harutai noy. (Fig 1.8) and ssp. parangensi sEisner (Fi gI.9) from Parang Pass, Spiti n,erth-
west India,
Holotype. cii, forewin lgengt h26mm, Tata, alt. 4,490m, Mahakali, western Nepal, July
2, 1995 ,leg ,M.S.Lilmbu. Paratypes. 2di2\, same data as holotype .All the type
specimens are tentatively preserve din Omoto's collection,
The occurrence of A stoiTtzkanus Felder & Felder in Nepal was firs rtecorded by Ohya (1996)
as PL stofitzkanus nobuko Ohya based on the specimens collected by Mr Limbu mentioned
above. However, since ssp, nobuko he describe dshould belong to .PL stenasemus Honrath
as shown below, our present report tegether with the lis tmade by Inomata (1998 )gives the
fir sttrue evidence fbr the occurrence of R stobukanus and it ssympatry with R stenosemus
in Nepal, According to the map made by Mr Limbu fbr Mr Haruta, the place cal1ed Tata
(4,4 9m)0 is locate dbelow Tinkar Pass (5,2 5rn8), borderin gNepal and Tibet ,in the northern
Darchura area of Mahakali Distric tt,he westernmost part of Nepal (K, Morishita ,pensL
comm) (Fi g2.2). This new subspecies is dedicate dto and named after the lat eMr Toshiro
Haruta,
We were unable to examine R nancladlevinensis D, Weiss ,which was describe don a single
male specimen taken in Mt Nanda Davi, north eastern Uttar Pradesh ,India ,locate dabout
1oo km to the west of Tata (Fi g2.2) . J. C. Weiss (1992 )wh,o illustrat ethdis jnteresting
taxon, considers it te be closely related to PL acdestis Grum-Grshimailo , Judging from the
wing form and markings, however, we fee lthat this taxon may belong either to R stotitzkanus
R
or stenasenizas,
"Judging from the photograph ofthe type specimen (Fig 7.), we suspect that this taxon belongs to R
stenosemus Honrath, rather than PL stoliczkanus Felder & Felder.
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Some ParnassiinBeutterllifeis'omNepal 151

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Figs 18-21 . Male genitalia of Parnassius stotiezkanus sspp. and A stenosenius sspp. r8 .P.
stoliezkanus hanita i ssp. nov, 19. Rstoficzkanus parangensis Eisner. 20. P.
stenesemus nobuko Ohya. 21. P.stenosemtL smulki2lensts Inaoka & Ogawa. (A:
Dorsal viesN' of dorsum. B:Caudal view ofjuxta. C:Lateral view of the whole
genitalia).
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152 Keiichi OMoTo and Yuichi KAwAsAKI
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Fig, 22, A map showing the distributi oonf Parnassiu sstolitzkanus hatzit assip, nov, and R
stenosemus nobuko Ohya in western Nepal.
Pkimassius Ohya (Fig3s-4)
stenasemus nobuko
Pai:nassi usstoficzkanus nobuko Ohya, 1996 ,Gekkan-Mushi (309 ): 8, pl. 2, fig s5-6.
Parnassiu sstenosemtas nobuko: Inomata, 1998, TZnea 15 (Supp lI).: 313, pl. 160 ,figs7-9.
Clearl ydistinguishab lferom the former spocies in wing shape and markings, as well as in
male genitalia . The most obvious differen cien the wing markings between the two allied
species lies in the red spot in space 7 on the hindwing. In the male genitali a(Fig 2s0-21),
dorsum has uncus widely separated at it sbase whi]e it is fused in R stoliczkanus. Also the
fbrm ofjuxta is djflere nftrom each other. We show for comparison the drawings of
genital iaof ssp. nobuko (Fi g2.0) and ssp. muthdonsis Inaoka & Ogawa (Fig, 2f1r)om
Bara-LachaPass,Lahul, India.
north-west
A large number of this taxon was collected along with a small series of A stofiezkantLs
haruta sisp, nov. in Limbu's trip to Tata during July 2-7, 1995. According to hjs own diary
and map, the altitude of Tata is 4,490m, and not 4,8oo m give inn the description of ssp.
by Ohya (1996).
nchuko
R stenasemtLs and R stoZiczkanus are both distribu tiend the western part of the Great
Himalayas ,and in most places they seem to be sympatric, although it is open fbr futur estudy
whether they actually share the same biotope oT ecological niche includin gthe foodplant.
POniassius kanoi (Fig9s-11)
simo subsp. noy.
Size: Larger (!eng otf hfbrewing 18-19 mm) than ssp. hingston iBryk (Fi g1.2), but smaller
than ssp. acconus Fruhstorfe (rFi g8.) . It is about the same size as ssp, shtshapangmantLs
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Some Parnassiine Butterfi ifersom Nepal IS3
O km - 3 0 km 6 0 kt n 90 k m P(. =siPmo. acconus /'-)
simo, moerelti)

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Fig. 23. A map showing the distributio nof sub$pecies of Parnassitas simo Gray in Nepal and
Tibet.
southern
Kawasaki (Fig 1s3) . Forewing: (1 )Marginal black band is narrow, while submarginal
black band is strongly developted .This character is in common with ssp, hingston aind ssp.
shtshapangnanus recently describe dby Kawasaki (1997 )oc,curring in the north of Mt
Everest (Chomolungma) and Mt Shishapangma in southern Tibet ,respectively, but not fbund
in other subspecies, (2 )Simila rto ssp. acconus in that the postdisca lblack band through
spaces 5,6 and 7 is well developed .This band is les sdeveloped in ssp. hingston iand ssp.
(3)Apex is is blackftinges,
shtshapangmantLs. pointed and greund colour whitish, with
while in ssp. shishapangmanus the fringe sare black-and-whit ien most specimens. Hind-
wing: (1 )Red spots in spaces 5 and 7 are smal], not well developed .(2 )Marginal black
band is reduced, while submarginal black spots are well developed . (3 )Basal black scales
are rich, suggesting the eifect of monsoon climatic factors,
. Holotype . (i{, forewin lgengt h18 mm, Gokyo Peak, alt. 5,OOO-5,3o mo, north of Namche
Bazar, Khumbu, north-east Nepal, June 6, 1973 ,leg .Katsuhiko Kano (i ncoll. Omoto),
Paratype s.2 cl, same data as holotype (i ncoll. Omoto); 18 6n 8 \, Gokyo, Khumbu,
north-east Nepal, July 23-Aug. 7, 1985 ,leg .Katsuhiko Hori (i ncolL Omoto, Kawasaki, Hori
Sugiyama).
and
Named after Professor Katsuhiko Kano, The University of Kanazawa, who collected this
taxon for the firs ttime in Nepal.
It is interesti nthgat thi ssubspecies appears to have close aMnities in wing markings to ssp,
hingsto n(iFi g1.2) and ssp. shtshapangTnanus (Fig .13), both are recorded in southern Tibet,
at the northern side ofthe highes tHimalayan ridge includin gMt Everest a,s mentioned above
(Fig23.).

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l54 Keiich iOMoTo and Yuichj KAwAsAKi
Parnassiu ssimo kangchenus subsp. noy. (Fig 1s5-16)
Parnassiu ssimo acconus: Inomata, 1998, Tlhea 15 (Suppl 1.): 313. pl .160, fig s10-12 (nec Fruhstorfer,
1903).
Size :Larger than ssp. kanoi nov. describe dabove, but slightly smaller than ssp. acconus
Fruhstorfe r,Forewing: Simila rto ssp. aecont"s, Marginal black band is much more
developed than in ssp. kanoi nov. Hindwing: The red spots in spaces5 and7 are reduced,
while they are well developed in ssp. acconus. Submarginal black spots are small and
reduced, while they are very well developed in ssp. acconus,
Holotype di fbrewing lengt h21 mm, near Lhonak, alt. 4,550 m, west of Mt Kangcheniunga,
,
Mechi Distric tea,st Nepal, July 15-20 ,1996 ,leg .M. S. Limbu (i ncoll. Omoto). Paratypes,
22 [ii 8 4, same data as holotype (i ncoll. Omoto and cell. Kawasaki),
The name kangchenu sis derive dfrom Mt Kangcheajunga (8,5 8m)6, where the Nepalese
`kangchen' means a sacred snow mountain, and tiung fai've .The localit yofthis subspecies
(4,5 5m)0 is at the western slope of the high mountain ridge separating Nepal from Sikkim
to the east and southern Tibet to the north, where ssp. acconus is distribut e(dFig 2.3).
Ilamassi"s hD,:ikatsuhikSohiinkai(Fig5s-6).
aedestis
Parnassiz aascdestts horikatsuhi Skhoiinkai ,1997 ,PVkeZlae e3 i 30.
We examined a single female specirnen (Fig 5.) fi'om Gokyo Peak, at altitude S,OOO-5,300 m,
collected together with three type specimens of ,P! simo kanoi ssp, nov, by Katsuhjko Kano
on June 6, 1973. This specimen of R acciestis Grum-Grshimailo has white ground colour
with reduced black markings, resembling ssp. hades Bryk recorded from north of the Mt
Everest area efsouthern Tibet. It is markedly diflere nftrom the two dark races hithert owell
known from Nepal : ssp. marki Epstein and ssp. laurent iEipstein from Mustang and the
Dolpo areas of central Nepal, respectively.
Recently, Shinkai (199 7d)escribe dssp. horkatsuhiko ibased on the specimens collected by
Katsuhiko Hori at Gokyo, the same localit yan,d we determine our specimen as belonging
to this subspecies, However, our specimen does not seem to match completely with the
female type specimen (Fi g6.) illustrat ebdy Shinkai (1997 )I.t is also intriguin gthat the type
specimens of ssp. horikatsuhrko bio,th males and females, were coltected in lat eJuiy, while
the presen tfemal ewas taken in early June. Future study is necessary to clarify the range of
individua lvariation and ecolegy of the R acclestis population of this region of northern
Khumbu.
The fac tthat ssp. horikatsuhik oiis similar to ssp. hades from southern Tibet parallel sthe
finding that R simo kanoi ssp. nov. resembles ssp, hingston iand ssp. shishopangmanus
already mentioned. Apparently, there is a route ofmigration ofthe Tibetan fauna from the
north of the high mountain ridges involvin gMt Everes tsouthward to northem Khumbu
distric tof Nepal,
Acknowledgements
We thank Professo rKatsuhiko Kano, Kanazawa, fbr providing us with data about two
parnassine butterfl ihees collected in Gokyo describe din this paper, as well as geography and
other aspects of Nepal. We are indebte dto Mr Toshio lnomata, Tokyo, fb rhis generous
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Some 　Parnassiine　Butterfiies丘om 　Nepal 155
loan　of 　valuable 　materials 　of　the　Haruta　col1  tion　f（）r　this　study ．　 Thanks 　are　due　to　Mr
Katsuhiko　Hori　Nagano 　fbr　providing　us　with 　the　specimens 　and 　ecological 　data　he
， ，
obtained 　in　Nepa ユ，　to　Dr　P．　R ．　Ackery ，　The 　Natural　History　Museum ，　London ，　and 　to　Mr
Shiro　Sugisawa　Shizuoka　fbr　making 　available　to　us　the　photographs　of　type　specimens ．
， ，
Mr 　Kazuhiko 　Morishita　Kanagawa 　kindty　read 　our 　manuscript 　and 　gave　us　valuable
， ，
informatio　nabout 　the　Haruta　collection　and 　other 　aspects 　relating 　to　butterfl　ioefs　Nepal．
Prof銘sor　Toyohei 　Saigusa　Kyushu 　Universit　yand 　Dr　Kyoichiro　Ueda 　Kitakyushu 　City
， ， ，
Natural　History　Museum ，　kindly　helped　us　in　drawin　gthe　figure　osf 　genita1ia．　 Further，　Dr
Atsuo　Ohya，　Okayama 　and 　Mr　H ．　Yoshimoto，　Tokyo，　gave　us　valuable 　suggestions ．　 Lastly，
we 　are　gratefu　1to　Mrs　Shizuko　Haruta，　Tokyo，　for　kindl　ygiving　us　personal　infermation
about 　the　lat　eMr　Toshiro　Haruta ．
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　　　Papilionida），e什om 　Nepal．　Wallace　3 ：30−3L
Talbot，　G ．1938．　Fauna 　q厂Britigh　India （Butterflie）s1．642　pp．，3pls．
W　e　i　s　s，　　J　，−C，　，，1，91929．9　1　．　ThTeh　e」D　arnPaα尸〃∬αi∬iinia｛〜n　a（e〜　〆1o　fth　et　hePV肋orld”l　2d　；1　4：91−−14385．．
摘 要
ー ・ 一
春田 コ レ クシ ョ ンの ネパ ル 産パル ナ シウス属の若干の蝶類 （尾本恵市 川崎裕 ）
ー
故春田俊郎氏と協力者の努力によっ て蒐集されたネパ ル 産のパ ル ナシウス属蝶類にっ い て，下記の
通 り新記載お よび分類学上の検討を行っ た．（1）ネパ ール 最西北．部の Tata 産の標本に基づ き新亜種 と
して 君 ∫∫罐磁 砌 〜∬ harutaiを記載 した．（2）上記亜種と同所的に産す る P．　steno ∫emus 　nobuko 　Ohya
の分類学上の位置を確認した．（3）北東ネパ ール のクーン ブ州北部の Gokyo 産の標本に基づ き新亜種
として P．　simo 　 kanoiを記載した．（4）東ネパ ール の カ ンチェ ンジュ ンガ峰の西部より新亜種 丑 伽 o
kangchenusを記載した，（5）Goky。 産の P．　acdestiS　horikatsuhik　oSihinkaiをあらた に記録し，その
地理的変異お よび分布を検討した．
（Accepted　March　17，1998）
Publishe　dby　the　Lepidopterological　Societ　yof 　Japan
5−20，Motoyokoyama 2，Hachioji，Tokyo，192−0063Ja，pan

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