Some biological features of three Pamphilius species (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) feeding on alders in Nagano Prefecture, Honshu, Japan: Results of rearing experiments in 2004/2005

2006·0.33 MB·English

by  Shinohara, Akihiro

Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Ser. A, 32(1), pp. 23–28, March 22, 2006
Some Biological Features of Three Pamphilius Species
(Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) Feeding on Alders in Nagano Prefecture,
Honshu, Japan: Results of Rearing Experiments in 2004/2005
Akihiko Shinohara1and Haruyoshi Kojima2
1Department of Zoology, National Science Museum,
3–23–1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169–0073 Japan
e-mail: [email protected]
2Kitanagaike 1198–1, Nagano-shi, Nagano, 381–0025 Japan
Abstract Host plants and position of the eggs and larval leaf-rolls are recorded for three Pam-
philius species feeding on Alnus in Nagano Prefecture, central Honshu, based on rearing experi-
ments made in 2004 to 2005. Host records are Alnus hirsuta Turcz. for Pamphilius nakagawai
Takeuchi, 1930, P. archiducalis Konow, 1897, and P. flavipectus Shinohara, 2005, and Alnus ma-
tsumuraeCall. for P. nakagawaiand P. flavipectus. Alnus matsumuraeis the first host record for P.
flavipectus. Oviposition and leaf-rolls of P. nakagawaiand P. archiducalisare usually on the under
surface of the leaf, whereas those of P. flavipectusare on the upper surface of the leaf . The posi-
tion of the eggs and leaf-rolls are newly recorded for P. flavipectus. The adults of P. flavipectus
emerged one to three weeks later than those of P. nakagawai.
Key words: Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae, Pamphilius, host plant, larval leaf-roll, Alnus.
Larvae of the leaf-rolling sawflies of the genus species, P. flavipectus Shinohara, 2005, is known
Pamphilius feed on leaves of angiosperm plants, to feed on Alnus hirsuta but the position of the
making leaf-rolls singly or gregariously. Twelve eggs and leaf-rolls is unknown. The current
species of the genus are now known to feed on knowledge presented above is nevertheless based
alders (Alnus) worldwide, including eight species on a few rearing results and needs to be assessed
from Japan (Shinohara, 2002, 2005). Five Japan- by additional observations and rearing experi-
ese species of the P. vafer complex as defined by ments.
Shinohara (2005) are associated with four The present paper reports a result of rearing
species of alders, and the five species apparently experiments of the alder-associated Pamphilius
differ in their host preference and the position of conducted by the junior author in the northern
the eggs and larval leaf-rolls. Pamphilius masao and eastern parts of Nagano Prefecture, central
Shinohara, 2005, and P. confusus Shinohara, Honshu, in 2004 to 2005. Attempts were made to
2005, are associated with Alnus maximowiczii rear the pamphiliid larvae feeding on two species
Call. (P. masaoalso with Betula ermaniiCham.), of alders, Alnus hirsuta and A. matsumurae, to
and the eggs and leaf-rolls are on the upper sur- the adult stage, in order to test and enrich the
face of the leaf. Pamphilius alnivorus Shinohara, current knowledge of the host preference, ovipo-
2005, feeds on Alnus hirsuta Turcz. and Alnus sition sites, and position of leaf-rolls for each of
japonica (Thunb.) Steud. and the eggs are laid on the reared species.
the upper surface of the leaf, while the leaf-rolls This work is supported in part by a Grant-in-
are on the under surface. Pamphilius nakagawai aid for Scientific Research No. 15570093 from
Takeuchi, 1930, feeds on Alnus hirsuta and Alnus the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Sci-
matsumuraeCall., and the eggs and leaf-rolls are ence and Technology, Japan.
usually on the under surface. The remaining
24 Akihiko Shinohara and Haruyoshi Kojima
of Pamphilius nakagawai, one female of P.
Materials and Methods
archiducalis, and nine females and two males of
Larval leaf-rolls on two species of alders, P. flavipectus. Table 1 shows the details of the 26
Alnus hirsuta and A. matsumurae, were searched cases where adults emerged successfully.
for in June, 2004, in the following four localities
in Nagano Prefecture: Pamphilius nakagawaiTakeuchi, 1930
A. Yumine [36°39.78(cid:1)N, 138°25.09(cid:1)E], 1340m, One female was reared from larva feeding on
Takayama-mura. On Alnus hirsuta. A. matsumurae and 12 females and one male
B. Biwa-ike [36°43.35(cid:1)N, 138°28.96(cid:1)E], 1400m, were reared from larvae feeding on A. hirsuta.
Shiga-kogen, Yamanouchi-machi. On Alnus These two species of alders are already known as
hirsuta. hosts of this sawfly (Ishii, 1952; Shinohara,
C. Mikuni-toge [35°58.76(cid:1)N, 138°42.74(cid:1)E], 2005).
1730m, Kawakami-mura. On Alnus hirsuta. For all the 14 individuals reared, the larval
D. Yamanokami [36°39.17(cid:1)N, 138°26.09(cid:1)E], 1500 leaf-rolls were on the under surface of the leaf.
m, Takayama-mura. On Alnus matsumurae. The remains of the egg shell were found in six
For each leaf-roll, the position of the remains cases, two on the upper surface and four on the
of the egg shell and the direction of the roll were under surface. Shinohara (2005) suggested that
recorded. The obtained larvae were reared in a P. nakagawai female usually oviposits on the
room at Kitanagaike in Nagano City at an alti- under surface of the leaf and the larva rolls the
tude of 335m. Reaching maturity, each larva was edge of the leaf in the direction of the under sur-
released to an individual jar containing ordinary face. The present observation showed that the
untreated soil collected at Biwa-ike. The jar with eggs may be deposited also on the upper surface
the larva was kept in a room through summer, though more frequently on the under surface.
autumn and winter until the emergence of the
adult. The temperature of the room was not con- Pamphilius archiducalisKonow, 1897
trolled, except that the highest temperature was One female was reared from larva feeding on
set at 23°C during mid summer (from mid July to A. hirsuta. The known host plants of this species
the end of August). are A. hirsuta and A. matsumurae (Shinohara &
The reared adult specimens are deposited in Hara, 1999; Shinohara, 2005).
the National Science Museum, Tokyo. For the So far as is known, the egg of this species is
scientific names of the host plants, we followed deposited on the under surface of the leaf and the
Ito (1989). larval leaf-roll is also on the under surface (Shi-
nohara & Hara, 1999). The larval abode here
treated was on the under surface of the leaf but
Results and Discussion
the remains of the egg shell were not found, pre-
A total of 54 larvae were found in the four lo- sumably consumed by the larva.
calities in Nagano Prefecture, 37 larvae feeding
on A. hirsutain Yumine on June 9 and 30, 10 lar- Pamphilius flavipectusShinohara, 2005
vae feeding on A. hirsutain Biwa-ike on June 10, Eight female and two male adults were ob-
five larvae feeding on A. hirsuta in Mikuni-toge tained from the larvae feeding on A. hirsuta and
on June 13, and two larvae feeding on A. ma- one female adult from the larva feeding on
tsumurae in Yamanokami on June 15. Of these, A. matsumurae. Alnus hirsuta is the only known
27 larvae died mainly in the soil, whereas 26 host plant of P. flavipectus (Shinohara, 2005),
adults as well as one ichneumonid parasite and this is the first record of A. matsumurae for
emerged in April-May, 2005. The 26 adult pam- the host plant of this sawfly species.
philiids obtained were 13 females and one male The positions of the egg shell and larval leaf-
Biology of Three Alder-feeding PamphiliusSawflies 25
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s. position of egg shell not foundupper surfacenot foundnot foundunder surfacenot foundupper surfaceuncertain*not foundunder surfaceuncertain*under surfacenot foundunder surface not found not foundupper surfaceunrecordedupper surfacenot foundupper surfaceupper surfaceupper surfaceupper surfaceupper surfaceupper surface
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species P. nakagawaiP. nakagawaiP. nakagawaiP. nakagawaiP. nakagawaiP. nakagawaiP. nakagawaiP. nakagawaiP. nakagawaiP. nakagawaiP. nakagawaiP. nakagawaiP. nakagawaiP. nakagawai P. archiducalis P. flavipectusP. flavipectusP. flavipectusP. flavipectusP. flavipectusP. flavipectusP. flavipectusP. flavipectusP. flavipectusP. flavipectusP. flavipectus hells found on
s
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Ref. No. 1234567891023252627 13 1112141517181920212224 *e
26 Akihiko Shinohara and Haruyoshi Kojima
roll of P. flavipectus have been unknown (Shino- other species feeding on Alnus hirsuta or A. ma-
hara, 2005). In all the 11 larval abodes examined, tsumurae are known to make leaf-rolls on the
except for three cases where egg shells were not upper surface of the leaf.
found, the egg shell and larval abode are both on Pamphilius flavipectus is one of the three
the upper surface of the leaf (Fig. 1 C–D). No species of Pamphilius vafer complex having a
Fig. 1. Pamphilius flavipectus, presumably mature larva (A–B) and leaves with remains of egg shells and larval
leaf-rolls (C–D) (photographed by H. Kojima in June, 2004). Black arrows: remains of egg shells. White ar-
rows: larval leaf-rolls (abodes).
Biology of Three Alder-feeding PamphiliusSawflies 27
long stout valviceps in the male genitalia (Shino- Table 2. Date of adult emergence in P. nakagawai
hara, 2005). It is interesting that in the other two and P. flavipectus (edited from data given in
Table 1).
species possessing this character, P. masao (on
Alnus maximowizcii and Betula ermanii) and Number of individuals
Date
P. confusus (on Alnus maximowizcii and possibly
nakagawai flavipectus
also on Betula ermanii), eggs are laid and leaf-
rolls are made on the upper surface of the leaf as 2005 April 8 2
9 1
in P. flavipectus. Sharing these peculiar charac-
12 2
ters may suggest a very close relationship of 14 8 2
these three species. 16 1
19 1
The larva of this species has been undescribed.
20 1
The presumably mature larva examined (Fig. 1 23 1
A–B) may be distinguished from the mature lar- 27 3
30 1
vae of the related P. masao, P. nakagawai and
May 7 2
P. alnivorus (see Okutani, 1959; Shinohara,
2005; Shinohara & Hara, 2005) by the presence
of a black spot on the subanal plate. collected at the same place and date (Yumine,
June 9, 2004) went into the soil on the same date
Biological differences between P. nakagawai as above (June 16), but the adult emerged on
andP. flavipectus April 30, 2005. For another example, two larvae
Pamphilius nakagawai and P. flavipectus are of P. nakagawaiand three larvae of P. flavipectus
often found in the same habitat in the same sea- were collected at Yumine on June 9, 2004, and
son and the larvae feed on the same species of all went into the soil on June 20. Two adults of
alders (Shinohara, 2005; present paper). The pre- P. nakagawai emerged on April 14, 2005, while
sent work has revealed, however, the following the adults of P. flavipectus emerged on April 19,
differences in biology between them: 20, and 27. It is apparent that the adults of
1. The female of P. nakagawai lays an egg P. flavipectus emerge one to three weeks later
usually on the under surface of the leaf (some- than P. nakagawai under the same environmental
times also on the upper surface), while that of conditions. This observation implies that P.
P. flavipectusoviposits on the upper surface. flavipectushas a shorter incubation and larval pe-
2. The larval leaf-roll is on the under surface riod than P. nakagawai, a hypothesis to be tested
in P. nakagawai, while it is on the upper surface by further rearing experiments.
in P. flavipectus.
3. The adult emergence is earlier in P. naka-
References
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Shin-Konchu, 5 (2): 19–20. (In Japanese.)
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tively, in the next year. One larva of P. flavipectus nary overview. In: Viitasaari, M. (ed.), Sawflies 1 (Hy-
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