Somatic Cell Genetics and Molecular Genetics of Trees PDF
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SOMATIC CELL GENETICS AND MOLECULAR GENETICS OF TREES FORESTRY SCIENCES Volume 49 The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume. Somatie Cell Genetics and Molecular Genetics of Trees Edited by M.RAJAHUJA Institute ofF orest Genetics, Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products, Grosshansdorf, Germany WOUT BOERJAN Laboratorium voor Genetica, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Gent, Belgium and DAVID B. NEALE Institute ofF orest Genetics, VSDA Forest Service, Berkeley, CA, V.S.A. SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. A C.l.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 978-94-010-5761-5 ISBN 978-94-011-3983-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-3983-0 Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1996 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1996 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1996 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Contents Preface ix Section L Somatic embryogenesis and regeneration 1. Clonal propagation of conifers via somatic embryogenesis PK Gupta, R Timmis, KA. Timmis, JA. Grob, W C. Carlson and D.E. Welty 3 2. Effect of Glutamine and osmoticum on somatic embryo maturation in NOlway spruce (Picea abies) (L.) Karst. Todd G. Guevin and Edward G. Kirby 11 3. Early events in somatic embryogenesis induction MC Pedroso, R Tavares, T Lino-Neto, KA. Roubelakis-Angelkis andMS. Pais 17 4. Stability in ploidy level during somatic embryogenesis in Quercus canariensis MA. Bueno, A. Gomez, 0. Vicente and JA. Manzanera 23 5. Identification of early markers of embryogenesis in pine H David, JM Domon, G. Neutlings, B. Dumas, Y. Meyer, and A. David 29 6. Somatic embryogenesis and somac1onal variation in Norway spruce: cytogenetic and molecular approaches J-L. Fourre, P. Berger and P Andre 39 7. Towards water stress-tolerant poplar and pine trees: Molecular biology, transformation and regeneration A. Altman, D. Pelah, 0. Yarnitsky, T Tzjira, A. Ya 'ari, W-X Wang, 0. Shoseyov, A. Vainstein, A. Hiittermann, and S. Wang 47 8. Molecular approaches to maturation-caused decline in adventitious rooting in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) Carmen Diaz-Sala, Patricia B. Singer, Keith W Hutchison and Michael S. Greenwood 57 9. A comparative study of embryogenic and non embryogenic cell cultures in Picea abies (L.) Karst. -Identification of mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms and detection of differentially expressed peptides P. du jardin, A. Chandelier, F. Chauveau, J Bercetche and M Paques 63 10. Priorties for application of biotechnology to plantation improvement RD. Teasdale 69 VI Section II. Transformation and gene expression 1l. Genetic engineering of lignin biosynthesis in poplar W Boerjan, H. Meyermans, C Chen, J.-C Lepte, J.H. Christensen, J. van Doorsselaere, M Baucher, M Petit-Conil, B. Chabbert, M-T. Tollier, B. Monties, G. Pilate, D. Cornu, D. Inze, L. Jouanin and M van Montagu 81 12. Stability and expression of chimeric genes in Populus MR. Ahuja and M Fladung 89 13. Stable genetic transformation in black spruce and tamarack and the transgenic expression of conifer genes PJ. Charest, D. Lachance, Y. Devantier, C Jones, L. Tian, B. Xue, A. Seguin, K. Klimaszewska and B. Rutledge 97 14. A strategy for the genetic manipulation of English elm T.M Fenning, S.s. Tymens, CM Brasier, J.S. Gartland and K.MA. Gartland 105 15. Foreign gene expression in Pinus nigra, P. radiata and P. pinea following particle bombardment Manuel Rey, Jaime M Humara, Marian Lopez, M Victoria Gonzalez, Roberto Rpdriguez, RafJaela Tavazza, Giorgio Ancora and Ricardo Ordas 113 16. Plantlet regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and investigations on Agrobacterium tumefaciem mediated transformation of oak (Quercus robur) E. Wilhelm, A. Burg, M Berenyi, M Endemann and R. Rodier 119 17. Highly efficient transformation and regeneration of transgenic aspen plants through shoot-bud formation in root culture, and transformation ofP inus halepensis T Tzjira, 0. Yarnitzky, A. Vainstein and A. Altman 125 18. Expression of a proteinase inhibitor and a Bacillus thurigienssis 8-endotoxin in transgenic poplars D. Cornu, J.C Leple, M Bonade-Bottino, A. Ross, S. Augustin, A. Delplanque, L. Jouanin and G. Pilate 131 19. Lignification genes in Eucalyptus: characterization, expression and subsequent use for lignin manipulation J. Grima-Pettenati, D. GojJner, C Teulieres and A-M. Boudet 137 20. Characterization of antisense chalcone synthase transgenic micro cuttings L. Jouanin, C. EI Euch, M Pastuglia, P Capelli, P Doumas and C Jay- Allemand 147 2l. Higher extractability of lignin in poplar (populus tremula x P. alba) by reducing cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase M Baucher, B. Chabbert, J. van Doorsselaere, G. Pilate, D. Cornu, M Petit- Conil, B. Monties, M van Montagu, D. Inze, L. Jouanin and W Boerjan 153 vii 22. Transgene expression in spruce and poplar: From the lab to the field D.D. Ellis, J. Rintamaki-strait, K. Francis, K. Kleiner, K. Raffa and B. McCown 159 23. Floral homeotic genes for genetic engineering of reproductive sterility in poplars L.A. Sheppard, A.M. Brunner, W.H. Rottmann, R. Meilan, and S.H. Strauss 165 m. Section Molecular markers and genome mapping 24. Gene discovery in loblolly pine through cDNA sequencing C.S. Kinlaw, T. Ho, S.M Gerttula, E. Gladstone, D.E. Harry, L. Quintana and C. Baysdorfer 175 25. Molecular approaches to study bud dormacy in Populus A. Rhode, M Van Montagu and W Boerjan 183 26. Molecular analysis of pine ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase Angel Garcia-Gutierrez, Fernando Gallardo, Francisco R. Canton, Remedios Crespillo and Francisco M Canovas 189 27. Differentially regulated gene sets in Douglas fir seeds and somatic embryos Santash Misra, Malinee Chatthani, Timothy J. Tranbarger, Benjamin S. Forward and Karia H. Kaukinen 197 28. The use of bulked segregant analysis to identifY AFLP molecular markers closely linked to Melampsora larici-populina resistance in Populus M-T. Cervera, J. Gusmiio, M Steenackers, V. Storme, A. Vanden Broeck, M Van Montagu and W Boe1:Jan 205 29. Quantitative traits and genetic markers: analysis offactorial mating design in larch A. Arcade, P. Faivre Rampant, B. Le Guerroue, L.E. Paques and D. Prat 211 30. Development ofmicrosattelite loci from Quercus robur and Quercus petraea H. Steinkellner, S. Fluch, E. Turetscheck, R. Streiff, A. Kremer, K. Burg and J. Glossl 217 31. Genetic dissection of phenotypic traits in maritime pine using RAPD and protein markers C. Plomion, N. Bahrman, C-E. Durel, D.M 0 'Malley and A. Kremer 223 32. Polymorphic simple sequence repeats in nuclear and chloroplast genomes: Applications to the population genetics oftrees w., M Morgante, A. pfeiffer, A. Costacurta, A.M OliVieri, Powell, G.G. Vendramin and J. A. Rafalski 233 viii 33. RAPD-SCAR-SSCP: A method to detect molecular differentiation in closely related oak species C Bodenes, S. Pradere and A. Kremer 239 34. Molecular and genetic approaches to rust resistance (Melampsora sp.) in poplar (Populus sp.) MCGoue-Mourier, P. Faire-Rampant, B. Le Guerroue, F. Lefovre andM Villar 249 Section IV. Stress-related gene expression 35. Induced defense responses in Norway spruce A. Lonneborg and P. Sharma 257 36. Ozone-induced defense reactions in birch (Betula pendula Roth) J. Kangasjiirvi, R. Pellinen, J. Tuomainen, R. Julkunen-Titto and M Kiiskinen 265 37. UV-B-induced gene expression in European beech and scots pine D. Ernst, I. Liegel, J.-P' Schnitzler, TP. Jungblut, C Zinser, M Kofferlein, E. Schmelzer, w: Heller and H. Sandermann Jr. 273 38. Stress-related genes in woody plants: Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regaulation J. Cairney, D.K. Villalnon, S. Chang, MA.D.L. Dias, and R.J. Newton 277 Index 285 Preface This proceedings is based on a joint meeting of the two IUFRO (International Union of Forestry Research Organizations) Working Parties, Somatic Cell Genetics (S2.04-07) and Molecular Genetics (S2.04-06) held in Gent, Belgium, 26-30 September, 1995. Although a joint meeting of the two Working Parties had been discussed in the past, this was the first such meeting that became a successful reality. In fact this meeting provided an excellent forum for discussions and interactions in forest bioteclUlology that encouraged the participants to vote for a next joint meeting. In the past decade rapid progress has been made in the somatic cell genetics and molecular genetics of forest trees. In order to cover recent developments in the broad area of biotechnology, the scientific program of the meeting was divided into several sessions. These included somatic embryogenesis, regeneration, transformation, gene expression, molecular markers, genome mapping, and biotic and abiotic stresses. The regeneration of plants, produced by organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis, is necessary not only for mass cloning of forest trees, but also for its application in genetic transformation and molecular biology. Although micropropagation has been achieved from juvenile tissues in a number of forest tree species, in vitro regeneration from mature trees remains a challenging problem in most hardwoods and conifers. The mechanisms involved in the transition from juvenile to mature phase in woody plants are poorly understood. This transition can now be investigated at the molecular level. By employing Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer and particle gun DNA delivery systems, it has been possible to genetically transform tissues from forest tree species, and to regenerate transgenic plants. In addition, the molecular characterization of transgenic tissues as well as plants has been accomplished in several hardwood and conifer species. Gene expression studies indicate that transgenes affecting different traits, for example, insect resistance, lignin biosynthesis, or leaf phenotype, are expressed at the post transcriptional level. However, transgenes stability remains a major concern in transgenic research whether they are annuals or woody plants. Gene expression studies are contributing to the understanding of gene regulation in development and differentiation of tissues and wood in the forest trees. Molecular markers have opened up a Pandora's box for studies in population genetics, genetic variation, genetic charactzerizaion, and genome mapping in trees. A large set of molecular markers has been developed in the last 5 years. These include, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS), simple sequence repeats (SSRs), single-strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCPs), and PCR-codominant markers. Some of these markers have been effectively utilyzed for monitoring genetic diversity in tree populations, mapping of genes for simply inherited Mendelian traits as well as quantitative trait loci (QTL) for complex traits, and understanding of genome organization and evolution in the forest tree species. Isolation and characterizations of genes is another area of interest in the molecular biology of trees. In addition, stress-related gene expression in trees is providing useful information on the mechanisms involved in host-parasite interactions. These and other related areas in genetics and molecular biology of forest trees were covered at this joint meeting. We hope this proceeding will provide a broad view of the latest developments in the biotechnology of woody plants. M. Raj Ahuja Wout Boerjan David B. Neale ix Section I. Somatic embryogenesis and regeneration
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