Somalia in Transition since 2006 PDF
Preview Somalia in Transition since 2006
Copyright © 2014 by Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, New Jersey. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copy- right Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechani- cal, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to Transaction Pub- lishers, 10 Corporate Place South, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854. www.transactionpub.com This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2013042797 ISBN: 978-1-4128-5390-3 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shay, Shaul, author. Somalia in transition since 2006 / Dr. Shaul Shay. pages cm Includes index. ISBN 978-1-4128-5390-3 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Nation-building--Somalia. 2. Peace-building--Somalia. 3. Somalia-- Politics and government--1991- 4. Somalia--History--1991- I. Title. JQ3585.A58S53 2014 967.73053--dc22 2013042797 Contents Abbreviations vii Introduction xi 1 Somalia: Historical Review 1 2 Islam in Somalia 21 3 The Islamic Courts Union in Somalia 35 4 Peacekeeping Mission in Somalia 73 5 Al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen of Somalia 97 6 The Battle of Mogadishu 129 7 Operation Linda Nchi: The Incursion of Kenyan Armed Forces into Somalia 139 8 International Involvement in Somalia 185 9 The Democratization and Peace Process in Somalia 231 10 Intercultural Conflicts, “Failing States,” and al-Qaeda: Reciprocal Links 253 Summary and Conclusions 281 Index 287 Abbreviations AIAI al-Ittihad al-Islamiya AMISOM African Union Mission in Somalia AQAP Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula ARPCT Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counterterrorism ARS Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia ARS-A Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia-Asmara ASWJ Ahlu Sunna Wal Jama’a AU African Union CGPCS Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia CISS Coordination for International Support for Somalia CO Commanding Officer COE contingent-owned equipment CRD Center for Research and Dialogue ENDF Ethiopian National Defense Force FOB forward-operating base FPENS Formal Private Education Network in Somalia FSI Failed State Index GBC Global Broadcasting Corporation GDP gross domestic product GoE Government of Ethiopia ICG International Contact Group on Somalia ICU Islamic Courts Union (also referred to as UIC) IDP internally displaced person IED improvised explosive device IEEPA International Emergency Economic Powers Act IGAD Inter-Governmental Authority on Development IIRO International Islamic Relief Organization IKRF Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation IMB International Maritime Bureau IMO International Maritime Organization vii Somalia in Transition since 2006 IOLF Islamic Oromo Liberation Front ISA Israel Security Agency IU Islamic Union JFMB Joint Financial Management Board JICC Joint Islamic Courts Council JSOC Joint Special Operations Command JVA Juba Valley Alliance KDF Kenya Defense Force LICUS low-income countries under stress MANPADS man-portable air-defense system MANPATS man-portable antitank system MIRA Mercy International Relief Agency MoPIC Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation MoU Memorandum of Understanding MSF Medicines Sans Frontiers NCA National Constituent Assembly NFD Northern Frontier District NGO nongovernmental organization OAU Organization of African Unity OIC Organization of Islamic Conference OLF Oromo Liberation Front ONLF Ogaden National Liberation Army OTC Oversea Transport Company PDP Peace and Development Party PMPF Puntland Maritime Police Force PRMC Pumwani Riyadya Mosque Committee PSC Peace and Security Council PSOD Peace Support Operations Division RKB Ras Kamboni Brigade ROE Rules Of Engagement RPG rocket-propelled grenade SDG Somalia Donor Group SDM Somali Democratic Movement SHOC Somali Humanitarian Operational Consortium SIC Sharia Implementation Council SICC Supreme Islamic Courts Counsel SIF Syrian Islamic Front SIMAD Somali Institute of Management and Administrative Development viii Abbreviations SNA Somali National Alliance SNA Somali National Army SNF Somali National Front SNM Somalia National Movement SPM Somali Patriotic Movement SRC Senior Revolutionary Council SRCC Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission SRRC Somali Restoration and Reconciliation Council SRSP Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party SSDF Somali Salvation Democratic Front SSICC Somali Supreme Islamic Courts Council SSLF Somali Salvation and Liberation Front TFG Transitional Federal Government TFI Transitional Federal Institution TJRC Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission TNG Transitional National Government TSC Technical Selection Committee UAE United Arab Emirates UGR ungovernable region UNDP United Nations Development Program UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNITAF Unified Task Force UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime UNOSOM United Nations Operation in Somalia UNPOS United Nations Political Office for Somalia UNSC United Nations Security Council UNWFP United Nations World Food Program UPDF Uganda People’s Defense Force USC United Somali Congress WAMY World Association of Muslim Youth ix
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