Solutions Manual for the Elements of Polymer Science and Engineering

61 Pages·1982·3.951 MB·English

by  Alfred Rudin (Auth.)

COPYRIGHT © 1982, BY ALFRED RUDIN LTD.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO FART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR
TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC
OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING. OR ANY
INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT
PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER.
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
1250 Sixth Avenue, San Diego. California 92101
United Kingdom Edition published by
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD.
24/28 Oil Road. London N"Wt 7DX
ISBN 0-12-601682-8
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
88 89 90 91 10 9 8 7 6 5
Chapter 1
Μ
I
(β) «- CH -CH; (b) -f-CMj-c-^
2
C-0 CH,
OCH
3
Η Η
(C) -HCH -C4; (d) H-CHj-C -»7
2
1
0 CH.
| *
1
C-0 O-C-CH.
3
1 II
CM 0
3
Μ
(e) -t- CHJ-C-^
Μ Η
1-2. (a) «- c4-CM -^c-NH-CM vN->r
2 2
ο ο
(b) -HO-CH -CH -CH -CH -0-C-@-C-*y
2 2 2 2
0.
51' "
Ν - C —0 -CMj—CM —CH -0 -fr;
2 2
(c) V 0
N-M
I
-K-0
Η Μ
(d) -t-CH - C —CH —C4;
2 2
CN
(e) -i-o-CHj-CMj-CHj-CHj-o-c-^^-c-)-,
ο ο
100.000
1-3. (a) . c flfl
113 8 85
12^20-521
(b)
(d) ^ 0 - 6 17
1t4. (a) (i) 2 (ii) 2 (lii) 0 (iv) 4
(b) same as In (a)
Μ CM . 3
I I
«4- cm2-6c-c m2-c -h
I
c-o
/
OCH,
CH,
Η
Η Μ
+ N^CM ^N-C4.CM ^C^
2 2
Ο Ο
+ 0-CH-r CH.O2- C -(oV-C4 r 1
II w II
0 0
polyisobutene (polyisobutylene)
poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)
poly(tetramethylene terephthclate) (poly(butylene terephthalate))
poly(ethyl methacrylate)
poly(vinyl acetate)
poly(methyl aerylate)
polycaprolactam (nylon 6)
poly(phenylene oxide)
poly(para-bromostyrene)
poly(ethylene-2,5-toluene-urethane)
poly (ethy lene-2,5-tolyl-urethatie)
ls too weak mechanically;
is too difficult to shape into pipe form. The correct answer
is (b).
The functionality of glycerol is 3 in every case listed.
CH
3
Ν
(a) React 1 mole of HOCl^CHjOH with 2 moles Γ θ Τ °° as in
NCO
reaction (1-12). Then react the product of this reaction with
H«OCH CH CH CH -O^H as in reaction (1-13).
2 2 2 2
3
1-10. (a) +- ch -CHj-tr
2
(g) + C H - C^
2
(b) 0-t-CH ^0-C-{O)-C4;
2
(c) Η- CM - C (h) ^ - C F^
I
c«o
I
OCMjCMj^
(i) «^CM -C-H
•O-0-C-0-O-CT 2 t
(d) c-o
I
CM, OCM.
CM,
(e) + o -c - c h j - o - c -c +
t
ΜI 0II 0II (j) 4-CH 2-C-H
CMj I
0
(f) H-O-S.-* I
/ C-0
CM3 CI M,
1-11. The polyisobutene requires a fairly high molecular weight for use
in inner tubes and cable coatings, in order to ensure good mech­
anical strength. Reasonably low viscosity is needed in adhesive
and oil additive applications and this calls for lower molecular
polymers.
1-12. (a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 1
1-13. (a) 2
(b) The functionality of 2 is 5 since there are 5 active hydrogens
on the nitrogens.
(c) Yes.
(C) +C-N-H 0
II
0
Chapter 2
2-1. ν - w · 0.5.
A ο
For the mixture: f
-1
1 0.5 0.5
Μ
1.35,000 150,000J
Μ · 57,000
η
M - i« (M ) - (0.5(90,000) + 0.5(300,000))
w i w i
Μ - 195,000.
w
2-2. Molecular weight of calcium scearace - 607.
i-l
0.02 0.98
Μ 25,000 - +
607
Μ
11
(3.29 χ ΙΟ"5) Μ + 0.98 - (4.00 χ 1θ" 5) Μ
η η
Μ (of balance of PVC compound) « 138,000.
η
U' Σν Μ2
ν 2 i ι
2~3· zM " u f - i wV
w 1 i i
0.5(5 χ 10 3)2 + 0.5(5 χ 10 4)2
45,900.
0.5(5 χ 10 3) + 0.5(5 χ 10 4)
2-4. DP « Lw.,(DP),
w iv 'i
(since Μ - Σν.Μ. (2-13)
w i i
and Μ (DP) Μ (1-1)).
DP - (0.3H 20) + 0.2(25) + 0.15(30) + 0.11(35) + 0.08(40)
w
+ 0.06(45) + 0.04(50) + 0.03(60) + 0.03(80) - 31.45
The formula weight of the repeating unit « M - 104.
Q
Λ Μ - 104(DP ) - 3270.
w w
5
2-4. (Cont'd)
Similarly: DP -
n
L· (DP).
and Μ - 2880.
η
Variance of the number distribution
ϋ - s2 - Μ Μ - Μ2 (2-32)
η 2 η w η η
• 1.12 χ 10 (standard deviation - 1060)
2-5. (a) see Section 3.3.1
(b) if M " M the polymer sample is monodisperse and
v Q
Μ «Μ - Μ - Μ etc.
ζ ν η w
2-6. Number Diameter Weight of Weight of all Weight
(cm) 1 Sphere* Spheres of Fraction
this Size w
i
1 1 ID 2p 0.0076
3 2 8c 24o 0.0916
4 3 27o 108o 0.4122
_2 4 64o 1280 0.4886
11 2620 1.0000
density
2(1) + 3(2) + 4(3) + 2(4)
2.6
2 + 3 + 4 + 2
D - Zw.D, - 0.0076 + (0.0916)2 + (0.4122)3 + (0.4886)4 3.4
V 11
2-7. Fraction Weight (g) Weight Fraction (w^ Μ
η
1 1.5 0,03
2,000
2 5.5 0.12
50,000
3 22.0 0.47
100,000
2-7. (Cont'd)
Fraction Weight (g) Weight Fraction (w.) Μ
ι η
4 12.0 0.255 200,000
5 4.5 0.095 500,000
6 1.5 0.03 1,000,000
47.0 g 1.00
0.03 Ί "!
η ^ w |_2000 50,000 l.OOO.OOOj
A
- 41,000
M - Σ ν^ - (0.03)2,000 + (0.12)50,000 + ... + 0.03 (1,000,000) - 185,000
w
Alternatively:
Fraction Weight (g) Μ Number of Moles,
η
1 1.5 2,000 0.75 χ 10" 3
2 5.5 50,000 1.1 χ 10~4
3 22.0 100,000 22 χ 10"5
4 12.0 200,000 6 χ 10"5
5 4.5 500,000 0.9 χ 10"5
6 1.5 1,000,000 1.5 χ 10"6
*
ni " ci^Mi w h ee r ci " w e8i ht in grams, in this case (eq. (2-9)).
- Σ ηΛ
47
Μ - -=J-± - — r - 41,000
n iZ n 11.505 χ 10 -4
Standard deviation of the number distribution - s • (MM - M 2)1^2 « 77, 00
η w η η - 9
\ . 184,000
m
g 41,000 k> , :
2-8. By definition
lv - 1
i
10 -
Iw - 1 - I k(lJ - 1 + 1) • 2560k (in this case)
1 i-1
/. k - 1/2560 - 3.906 χ 10" 4.
(a) I - -~ - 7.95
η ^ v.
u; iw -i2
( b) ws * (V*v " ( f ar o <2-35) and (1-1))
i - Ζν.ί - 8.45
w ±
Λ s - ((8.76)(8.45) - (8.45) 2)172 - 1.64.
u
W
(d) From equation (1-1):
i - 8.76
2
Μ - lOOi - 876.
ζ ζ
Chapter 3
3-1. w • w • 0.5
A ο
(3-54)
74 7 4 1 / 074
- (0.5(39,000)°' + 0.5(292,000)°' ) '
1 , 35
- (1248 + 5538) - 149,000.
a 5 0,74
[η] - KM - 9.18 χ 10" (dl/g) (148.000)
v
- 0.62 dl/g
alternatively: [n] - I(iw M^) - 0.62.
3-2. cm HCC1(100 ml)
8 h 3
hh ((ccmm HHCCCC11 ))
[100 mlj 33 c g
0.57 2.829 4-96
0.28 1.008 3.60
0.17 0.521 3.06
0.10 0.260 2.60
:
cm HCC1(100 cm
3
plot (h/c) against c. The intercept at c - 0 · (h/c) - 2.30
ο
pressure exerted by a column of HCCl^ 2.30 cm long - hog
3 2
- (2.30 cm) (1.48 g/cm ) (980 cm sec" )
-1 -2
- 3263 g cm sec .
-1 -2
Dimensions of π • mi t - pressure
2 -2
Dimensions of f/c • I t
3 2
100 cm cm
3263 326.300
cm sec se' "
2 —2 τ
if π/c is in caTsec R should be in ergs/molK to yield Μ in g mol"
RT
Μ