Table Of Content

oxJoJp axew snddoJl OTIOnrc )EJ0l!Ua I}JEUlZ' dEnll}anA l!W l::.EllE' dEnl fi' aEA!aS' fllll::.l0J.aul orrolnc 1INIA:3IlSnX dIl:3SS Compound What's on the Arthur Miller and Lord of the Flies Narrative tenses Photo comparison Review adjectives box? All my Sons • Writing • listening • Speaking Marriage in the UK love conquers all Verb patterns Negotiation An article Protest songs A new direction Conditionals Discussion Discursive essay • Reading • Use of English • Writing • listening • Speaking Family tensions Fighting for )aques-Yves Ellipsis Presentation Article: describing equality Cousteau a person looking into the The meaning of The European Sweet dreams? Reporting Photo comparison Story-writing future dreams dream? structures Reading • Use of English • Writing • listening • Speaking The travel bug Early migration to Time travel Adding empasis Presentation letter of Australia complaint Food or fuel? Youth culture Food of the future Modal verbs Stimulus-based A report discussion Get Ready for your Exam 4 p.73 • Reading • Use of English • Writing • listening • Speaking In confidence The secret agent Hoaxes Passive structures Drawing Opinion essay conclusions Threats to our Happy endings? Immortality Complex Presentation Opinion essay planet sentences Get Ready for your Exam 5 p.91 • Reading • Use of English • Writing • Listening • Speaking Exam Challenge p.93 Cumulative Reviews p.97 Vocabulary Builder p.l02 Functions Bank p.l13 Writing Phrases Bank p.llS Writing Bank p.l17 Wordlist p.121 Beginnings lA VOCABULARY AND LISTENING Memories J can talk about childhood memories. Find eight adjectives to describe feelings (-+V,,). 4 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets so that the second sentence has the same meaning as the first. I W 0 D I S T R A U G H T 1 I've asked you repeatedly to keep the noise down. (time) Y B K Y A A D I C R H C R I 0 V E R W H E L M E D E 2 She recognised him immediately. (once) X F M T S Y N G 0 P R T B W R R E 0 N E N S E E E E I 0 C D S 0 A M E N D E W 3 He's working at his father's shop for now. (being) T Z V 0 T C U S F S X Q I H P R E 0 C C U P I E D L 4 They'll be here very soon. (any) D I S 0 R I E N T A T E D R I A I C A S S T Q S C E S Everybody makes mistakes occasionally. (while) <\ N C N J M W W E 0 T 0 R W H 0 T L U N E Z R X T E 6 My brother was still a baby then. (at) N U M M E R U E D S G Z D 2 ..' 1hich of the words from exercise 1 describe how you might 'eel in situations 1-7? 1 You wake up after a deep sleep and have no idea what 5 Write the adjectives in the correct box to make them time it is or where you are. ___ negative. 2 You arrive late at the airport and discover you don't have affected appropriate approval logical your passport. ___ mobile responsible 3 You're trying to choose a dish from a menu, but there are so many to choose from you don't know where to start. un .n ~ ~ Im dis _ You get homework from four different teachers. They all i r il want you to hand in the homework tomorrow. _ _ _ 5 You're at a party where you hardly know anybody. 6 Complete the sentences with prefixes from A and words You feel too shy to say much. _ _ _ from B. You're worried about an exam you're taking tomorrow A B and are unable to concentrate on anything else. ._ _ anti clockwise - You want to confront a classmate who you suspect of co cooked stealing money but need to be very careful how to go about mis employed self heard super sensitive omplete the sentences with the words in the box and under starred -atch the beginnings of the sentences with their endings. 1 I used to work for a company but now I'm ___. evocative hindsight ingrained recall 2 She got food poisoning after eating some ___ recollection -rem-in-isce chicken. 3 Stand in a circle and pass the ball round in an ___ • With ___ _ a his flat is on the third floor . direction. - .\sl ___ _ , b _ _ __ of meeting her. 4 Don't mention her accent. She's ___ about it. 3 She loves to c a very smell. S What's the name of the actor who _ __ with Jo - .; wood fire has d about old times. Depp in The Tourist? have no e _ _ __ in my memory. 6 I thought he said something rude to me but I f11.g~: have _ __ . _ -hat song is now f I should never have gone there alone. Unit 1 • Beginr·-.s" 3 lB REAL ENGLISH Inheritance I can talk about inherited characteristics. 1 "LISTENING 1 Listen to Annie talking about similarities 5 Write logical responses to the sentences using will or would. between herself and her parents. Are the sentences true or 1 The teacher confiscated my phone. false? Write T or F. Well. 'Iou will keep te'f.ting in claSS. 1 Facially, Annie and her mother are fairly alike. _ _ 2 I found it really hard to get up this morning. 2 Annie and her mother have identical hairstyles. _ _ 3 Annie thinks her face is very similar to her father's. _ _ 4 Annie and her father both have a relaxed attitude to life. 3 I'm freezing. 5 Annie's mother knows what kind of clothes Annie 4 My grandmother's been suspended from driving. likes. _ _ 2 "LISTENING 1 Listen again and complete the phrases 5 Joe was expelled from his last school. Annie uses. 1 Well, physically, _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 suppose. 6 Before I went on a diet I weighed 75 kilos. 2 ... we're of each other. 3 ... people say they can see _ _ ____ my dad and me. 4 ... I've got a _ _ _ _ _ _ in me. Being an identical twin has its ups and downs. On the 5 When it taste, I reckon I've got _ _ _ _ _ _ with my mum. positive side, when Max and I were younger we lwould 6 Is it something _ _ ___ _ , or is it learned never / never used to feel alone because we 2would behaviour? always / always used to have each other to rely on. 3 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets so that I 3used to / would be quite reserved and he was the second sentence has the same meaning as the first. outgoing so he 4would help / helped me out in social 1 It's easy to see that Paul and Joe are from the same family. (strong / resemblance) situations. Unlike some twins, we Sdidn't use to / There _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ ___ _ _ _ _ __ wouldn't have our own language but we always knew 2 You can inherit phobias from your parents. (genetically) Phobias _ ____ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ what the other 6used to think / was thinking. Even 3 In terms of politics, Edward and his dad have similar now we will often finish off each other's sentences. One views. (common) When _ _ _ _____ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ __ thing that I found difficult is that I 7 didn't use / used 4 Luke looks extremely similar to Matt Damon. (image) not to feel like an individual and I 8used to resent / Luke _ _ _ _ _ ____ ___ _ _____ _ was resenting that sometimes. People used to see us 5 My personality is very similar to my mum's. (after) Personality-wise, _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _ _ _ as a unit and call us 'the twins'. What really gets on my nerves as I get older is that 4 Choose the correct words to complete the text. One or both answers may be correct. people 9are forever mistaking / forever mistake me for Max. In my first year at sixth-form college people used to l°think / were thinking I was rude because I (or in reality, Max) lldidn't / didn't use to say hello to them around the college. Now I 12say / will say hello to everyone who says hello to me so that they 13don't / won't think my brother's rude. But the mistaken identity thing can be used to our advantage - like when I 14borrowed / would borrow Max's driving licence before I had passed my test. - ngs :;~g le (iI'Ju'liJj" The origins of English I can understand and react to an article about the origins of English. 1 Complete the summary with words from the box. £YCj~~jY alphabet Ang'to-Saxon borrowed Conquest dictionaries disappear evolved farming influenced non-native Old Norse printing press:peUing Etymology is the study of word origins. It is a subject When Britain was invaded by Germanic tribes in the fifth which seems to hold a remarkable fascination for century, it took on the language of the invaders, known as people, as can be seen from the numerous blogs and : _ _ _ or Old English. Many modern day words connected Internet sites dedicated lengthy discussions .vith 2_ _ _ come from this phase. Old English 3_ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ and speculations 2 _ _ _ the origin of a given word. certain words from the Romans and also its 4 ___ . Below are a few examples of words that are of particular t later took words from 5_ _ _ , the language of Viking etymological interest. ·1vaders. :.Jter the eleventh century, Middle English began to [El According to the lexicographer, Samuel Johnson, the =_ _ . Its grammar became simpler as word inflections original meaning of this word suggests somewhat cynically _ _ _ . Many French words were introduced following the that marriage begins with the sweetness and tenderness '~orman 8 _ _ _ in 1066. The third phase, Modern English, of honey, but soon wanes 3 ___ the moon. It still retains Jegan with the invention of the 9_ _ __ in the fifteenth those connotations today in the expression honeymoon :entury. The first 10_ _ _ were used in the 1700s and as period which refers to the first stage 4_ __ a new ;: result the 11 ___ of words became more stable. The activity - a government's first tern1 in office, for example - ::1guage continues to evolve, and is strongly 12 _ _ when people are prepared temporarily to ignore 5_ _ _ :::. the Internet and by the English spoken by 13 ___ imperfections. Nowadays, in the context of marriage, the pessimistic implications have faded and the word simply 3Jeakers. refers to a holiday taken by a newly-married couple. lm This word originated from Latin, where salarium, a ::Ead the text quickly, ignoring the gaps. Which three words derivative of sal meaning 'salt', referred to 'an allowance ;:'e being described? given to soldiers to buy salt'. In former times salt was a B _ _ _ _ C _ _ _ _ valued commodity, over which wars were 6 ___ . It was :3 I~:::;nplete the text with suitable words. not taken for 7 ___ as it is today. Use of the word soon broadened out to the current meaning of 'fixed periodic -;e the statements true or false? Write T or F. payment of work done' and passed in this sense via Anglo -oneymoon used to have more positive connotations than Norn1an into English. : does today. _ [Q] This word describes something stylishly luxurious. - a honeymoon period, mistakes are tolerated. _ In Britain it also means somebody or something typical - Koman times soldiers were paid with salt. _ 8 _ _ _ the upper classes. It first appeared in the early _ 5~/Qry changed its meaning during the transition from twentieth 9 _ _ _ and was widely 10_ __ to be an .'.-glo-Norman to modern English. _ acronym for 'Port Out, Starboard Home', referring to the _ :;~sh has a popular explanation that has not been location of the more desirable cabins on passenger ships 3_Dstantiated. _ travelling 11 ___ Britain and India. Those on the port (left) side on the way out, and the starboard (right) on ,vords in the text which match these definitions. the return trip, benefited from the sea breeze and shelter • :J Lake no notice of _ _ _ _ _ from the sun. 12 ___ it provides a very neat explanation, - :::::came wider _ _ _ _ _ there isn't a shred of evidence for it. A more plausible _ :: .ery small amount _ _ ___ solution is that the modern adjective, posh, is the same word as the now obsolete noun posh, meaning 'dandy' (a ! '::csonable and likely to be true _ _____ man who cares a lot about his clothes) a slang term current .: -: lOnger used ___ ___ in the late nineteenth century. I Unit 1 • Beginnings 5 ';jti'.]!ua Sporting origins I can understand an article about the origins of different sports. 4 Are the sentences true or false? Write T or F. 1 The main aim of Parkour is to get from one point to 1 Complete the sentences using appropriate adverbs or another as quickly as possible. __ adverbial phrases from the box. 2 Some traceurs practised their sport in the Paris by and large categorically gravely loosely _ underground. __ resotutely staunchly strictly swiftly widel.y... .... _"'" 3 BASE jumping is more dangerous than skydiving. __ 1 She stuck to her argument despite being 4 Carl Boenish was the first person to accomplish all four challenged by the interviewer. types of BASE jump. __ 2 ~~~_, I agreed with what he was saying. 5 When it first became popular in the USA, young people 3 When I realised I had put my foot in it, I ~~~_ wanted to participate in motocross but couldn't afford it. changed the subject. 4 The novel was ~~~_ based on the writer's own 6 Stingray bikes were specially designed for cycling life. off road. __ 5 He denied reading her diary. 5 Find words or phrases in the text which match these 6 The law case was reported in the press. definitions. 7 She is opposed to capital punishment. 1 a fence made of vertical metal bars (text A) 8 Flash photography is prohibited in this museum. 2 jump over in a single movement, using your hands to 9 Be careful when picking wild mushrooms. Certain push you (text A) ~~~~~ __ pes can make you ill. 3 brave acts (text A) _~~~~ __ 4 a dishonest way of behaving (text B) _~~~~ __ 2 Q ic ly read the text about three extreme sports. In which 5 achieves (text B) _~~~~ __ (0 try did each sport originate? 6 became popular (text C) _~~~~ __ : B C _____ _ 7 imitating (text C) _~~~~ __ 3 e texts. Answer the questions A, B or C. 8 a sudden increase (paragraph C) _~~~~ __ " c sport Challenge! ,,5 '1Vented by people who found life dull? __ ~ -= :: ':5 first international championships in 1982? __ What do you think motivates people to take up extreme 3 :=g21 on a mud track and made its way to the world sports? Write a paragraph and give examples. s:ege? __ - : o:_urages participation in contests? __ ~ ,ed after the different categories of the sport? __ J -::: ,,5 -2de famous by a programme which was primarily ,,:: _: 2 different sport? __ - _0=5::: safer form of equipment for participants than ---"",-. -=_-7 .-- - :-= -~ ':5 oractitioners to deal with life's problems? __ -- •. 2n ed as a low·cost alternative for another sport? ::52 set of beliefs? __ 5 ,,-: · '1 a famous feature film? __ 5 : -::- ::erformed illegally? __ 6 • ::=5--ings differ from traditional skydiving since they are me:'::: C altitude with only a few seconds to deploy the parachL-:" 0:-. take place in close proximity to the object serving as : _ platform. Owners of structures are generally relucta-: them to be used as Jumping platforms, so many BAS:' _ resort to subterfuge in order to get to them. Modern basf: _ was invented in 1978 by Carl Boenish, who filmed a E- friends jumping from El Capitan (a vertical rock face) in 1:':: Runniing free National Park, California. They were using a type of par:_ which was more secure than earlier models and everyone :-J unharmed. Carl and other pioneers of the sport soon ca~:: [A] In the early 1990s, in the town of Lisses, 50 minutes south of with the BASE acronym and developed the BASE number s)~-= Paris, a group of bored teenagers would hang out together in a where anyone who accomplishes a jump of each type is assl§;-:: park after school. Uninterested in football or other conventional a BASE number, in sequence of the people who have compIE:::: games, they would entertain themselves by daring each other to all four types before. Carl was BASE number 4. In 1984, -:: do stunts using benches, railings, walls and other park furniture. died after hitting a rock outcrop while BASE jumping in Norwc. From the park they moved into the streets, where every object was viewed as something to be climbed up, vaulted over or swung from. Their group leader was the exceptionally athletic seventeen year-old, David Belle, who had been inspired by the heroic exploits of his father, a renowned military firefighter, and by the martial arts films of Bruce Lee. This group became the founders of Parkour or Free-Running (although purists will insist that there is a difference between the two). More than just a sport, Parkour is a discipline and art which aims to develop the body and mind to be able to overcome obstacles with fluidity, efficiency and speed and to apply these skills to the mental as well as the physical challenges in life. In the late nineties, Parkour attracted a huge underground following in France, and gradually emerged across -he world and later entered the mainstream after featuring in the llid-2000s in various documentaries and films, notably Casino Extreme biking ~oyale, starring Sebastien Foucan, another Parkour founder, as a l'ee-running terrorist being chased over rooftops by James Bond. [9 Motocross, or 'off-road motorcycle racing', originated in Britain '1any traceurs (practictioners of Parkour) campaign against in the 1920s. When the sport finally took off in the USA in the 1960s, s popularisation, fearing that it will lead to commercialism many teenagers had the desire, but not the means, to participate. a'1d competition, which goes against its inherent philosophy. So instead they started emulating their motocross heroes on their bicycles, wearing full motocross gear. In 1971, a motorcycle racing documentary, On Any Sunday, is generally thought to have inspired a movement which became known as BMX (bicycle motocross). In its opening scenes it showed teenage kids riding their Stingrays, the most popular brand of custom bike, on an off road dirt track, handling them with extraordinary skill and dexterity. The relatively low cost of participating in the sport coupled with the wide availability of places to ride and do tricks meant that BMX became an instant hit nationally. It swept across Europe in the late iving on the edge 70s and in 1981 the International BMX Federation was founded. with the first world championships being held the following year. ~ BASE jumping is an adventure sport which uses a parachute In 2003, the International Olympic Committee voted to include :: Jump from fixed objects, which may either be natural features BMX racing in the 2008 Summer Games, in which 32 men and :.:' man-made structures. 'BASE' is an acronym for the four types sixteen women participated. As a result it enjoyed another surge in ':' objects from which one can jump; Building, Antenna, Span popularity. Today there are over one thousand BMX tracks around ':' bridge) and Earth (the word used for a cliff). BASE jumps the world and participation in BMX racing is at an all-time high. Unit 1 • Beginnings 7 -------------------------------------------~---- lE GRAMMAR Phrasal verbs I can use phrasal verbs correctly. 1 Identify the phrasal verbs in the newspaper headlines and 2 Write the phrasal verbs from exercise 1 next to their write them in the correct column of the table below. meanings. 1 to cause to happen _ ___ _ Const:ruction of new DNA 2 to not be completed _ _ _ _ _ labo:rato:ry to go ahead 3 to warn sb about something illegal _ _ ___ Thousands go d~wn 4 to find an answer _ _ _ _ _ with new flu VIrus 5 to happen, to be done _ _ _ _ _ .-----~-----L Scientists come 6 to become ill with _ _ _ _ _ up with way 7 to relate to a particular situation _ _ _ _ _ Police arrest to generate 8 to think that sb is somebody else _ _ _ _ _ criminal after synthetic blood twin brother 3 Rearrange the words to make sentences with phrasal verbs. tips them off 1 place / at / down / Manchester / offered / a / but / was / she / turned / it / Laura / University ~-------~~~ 'Elephants cleverer than y----_______ ------.J humans when it comes Plans for 2 people / are / Whilst / in / favour / do / away / of / the to mental arithmetic' National monarchy, / others / some / think / with / it / we / should claims research ID card fall through 3 meaning / keep / never / out / but / get / I / my / photos Gunman kills innocent \'----------..--------./ / round / to / sort / it / I / to '1'an after mistaking hi lor drug-dealer m 4 some / bought / After / new / our / to / myself / up / my / boyfriend / broke / clothes / off / relationship / I / cheer 'Genetics to bring about medical breakthroughs' predict scientists 5 father / was / decided / it / not / My / over / to / go / in / New York / but / after / for / it / job / offered / a / thinking / he Two-part verbs with no 1 object 2 4 Complete the sentences with the active, passive or Two-part verb where the infinitive forms of the verbs in the box and an object object can come between 3 pronoun where necessary. or after the two parts, but 4 comes between the parts if the object is a pronoun 1 I don't trust her any more. She's _ _ too often. Two-part verbs whose 5 2 I can't find the letter. It might have _ _ . object cannot come 6 between the two parts 3 He was born and _ _ in Sydney. 4 That noise is difficult __. 5 She'll _ _ by her grandparents whilst her parents are Three-part verbs whose 7 on holiday. object cannot come between the parts 8 6 Could you _ _ at the traffic lights, please? 7 The company was forced _ _ staff. 8 How many people _ _ to the gig? si Unit 1 • Beginnings lF 'iQ¥iUJHM Discussion I can express my opinions on ethical issues . .c. cvrv 2 " LISTENING 2 Listen to two people discussing the subject ~ of GM food. Which of the following topics are mentioned? q~'OI'M IT~ , a solutions to world hunger D BEFORE b monopoly of the market by large STOP h' GM technology companies D o~~~e;j rOO lATE!:( . BEFORE' c solutions to malnutrition D rOO LA,'; d environmental damage caused by GM products D -lL' e dangers to human health D Tb. .........' f the ethics of interfering with nature D 3 "LISTENING 2 Listen again and complete the phrases the speakers use. 1 It's territory. 2 ... any change has its potential ____ _ . 3 ... crops which can _ _ ____ agricultural conditions. 4 Surely you can't _ _ _ ___ that? 5 ... not if we end up poisoning people in the _ _ _ __ _ . 6 ... we're going to have to agree _____ _ . 4 "LISTENING 2 Match 1-8 with a-h to form expressions for reacting to an opposing view. Which do you hear in the discussion? Listen again and check. 1 I don't agree a you mean. 2 There's no evidence b make sense. 3 That's a fair c an extreme! 4 I see what d point, I suppose. omp lete the text about genetically-modified (GM) food 5 That argument doesn't e to prove it. 'th words from the box. Are you for or against the ban? 6 You take things to such f serious! campaign controversy crisis crops discredited armful laboratory term 7 You can't be g end? 8 Where will it h with that argument. • -.::en GM food first hit British supermarket shelves in 5 Complete the sentences by choosing the correct word to complete the common adverb-adjective collocations. " ';96 this major revolution in food technology passed by 1 I always avoid environmentally unkind / unfriendly _-::lally unnoticed. It wasn't until 1999 that a "~ _ _ products. ~~ ~'eriment which suggested that GM potatoes might 2 Ann was really offended. She couldn't believe how :.!.:::se indigestion in rats sparked a major 2 _ _ _ politically false / incorrect the speaker was. 3 Ben's behaviour was completely / fully unacceptable. --,-:bough the experiment was subsequently 4 Some think cigarette advertising is totally / widely unethical. ___ , it led to a massive European anti-GM food 5 The GM industry argues that their work is perfectly / ___ which resulted in an unofficial ban on the virtually justifiable. : __ . Lh and import of GM 5 in Europe. Public 6 Many people think cloning is morally wrong / incorrect. 7 Banning research into this is roughly / virtually impossible. :-.=..ion on GM crops remains divided today. Some 8 Are designer babies widely / highly improbable? suspicious about the 6 effects it may have _ _ 4 6 Write a paragraph agreeing or disagreeing with the statement - 2:ealth and the environment in the long 7_ _ _ below. Use the ideas in exercise 2 and include some -=-::[s believe it could solve the world's food 8 _ _ _ collocations from exercises 1 and 5. All food containing genetically·modified products I should be banned. I Unit 1 • Beginnings 9