Solid/liquid separation lexicon PDF
Preview Solid/liquid separation lexicon
Editors Reinhard Bott and Thomas Langeloh SoWLiquid Separation Lexicon @WlLEY-VCH SolidLiquid Separation Lexicon Editors Reinhard Bott and Thomas Langeloh Scientific Advisor Harald Anlauf Authors Harald Anlauf Reinhard Bott Thomas Langeloh Bernhard Hoffner Klaus Julkowski Franz Meck @WlLEY-VCH Reinhard Bott Thomas Langcloh BOKELA lngenieurgesellschaft fur Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik mbH Gottesauer StraBe 28 D-76131 Karlsruhe This hook was carefully produced. Nevertheless. editors, authors and puhlisher do not warrant the informa- tion contained therein to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data. illustrations procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate. Library of Congress Card No. applied for. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from Die Deutsche Bibliothek ISBN 3-527-30522-X 0W iley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim. 2002 Printed on acid-free paper. All rights reserved (including those of translation in other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form - by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means - nor transmitted or trans- lated into machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trade- marks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unpro- tected by law. Composition: Stefanie GroB, Steinweiler Printing: Strauss Offsetdruck GmbH. Morlenbach Bookbinding: Wilh. Osswald + Co. KG, Neustadt Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany. Editors Reinhard Bott and Thomas Langeloh BOKELA Ingenieurgesellschaft fur Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik mbH Gottesauer StraRe 28 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany Tel: +49 721 96 456-0 Fax +4972196456-10 E-Mail: [email protected] www.bokela.com Scientific Advisor Dr. Harald Anlauf Institut fur Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik (MVM) Kaiserstralje 12 Universitat Karlsruhe (TH) D-76128 Karlsruhe Germany Authors Dr. Reinhard Bott Dr. Thomas Langeloh Franz Meck BOKELA Ingenieurgesellschaft fur Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik mbH Gottesauer StraBe 28 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germa ny Dr. Harald Anlauf Bernhard Hoffner Institut fur Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik (MVM) Universitat Karlsruhe (TH) D-76128 Karlsruhe Germany Dr. Klaus Julkowski KJJ Filter Engineering PO. Box 907 Coventry, CT 06238 USA Graphics and Layout Stefanie Grolj Am Dorfgraben 18 D-76872 Steinweiler Germany Preface Our partners and clients in more than ruhe' on the one side and BOKELA 30 countries are frequently confronted engineers on the other. Here we pay with specific 'Solid/Liquid Separation' tribute to Professor Dr. Werner Stahl as process terms and definitions they are the fountain well and spiritual rector of not used to in their normal way of doing the Karlsruhe School. business.Very often they are looking for a reference book with explanations BOKELA has been active in the process and interpretations that are readily industry for more than 15 years with high understandable. The present BOKELA expertise services, R & D, and innovati- SLS LEXICON aims to fulfil this need. It ve separation equipment. We are also makes use of the definitions, termi- recognised as equipment supplier and nology and concepts of the Karlsruhe designer of comlete SLS systems. Evol- School for 'Solid/Liquid Separation' (for ving from a typical start-up company, short: SLS), as they are widely used as a BOKELA has had company growth that standard and are meanwhile accep- culminated in an award in 1999 by the ted to a large degree in the scientific German President Roman Herzog for a community. science/technology product. Now- adays, the enterprise is considered a SLS forms an unique discipline with high tech group with global reach and regard to process technological, following clearly defined goals. equipment and scientific know-how.A s a cross-sectional unit operation it is ubiquitous in all segments of the process Our mission: To optimise the value industry as well as in the environmental of our clients through protection. Hence its specialised and competence, creativity, highly diversified terminology needs to reliability, speed and glo- be made accessible. bal coverage. For more than 20 years, BOKELA's experts have been strong exponents of Our vision: To advance solid/liquid- the so-called 'Karlsruhe School for separation through leader- Mechanical Separation Technologies', ship in technology and which in turn is the result of an unique, marketing. very intensive and synergetic co- operation between the different de- partments of the 'Institute of Mecha- Driven by these goals, our experts are nical Process Engineering and Mecha- looking for both the ordinary and the nics of the University Fridericana of Karls- more demanding challenges to en- Prefuce gineer them into tailor-made solutions. tailor-made solutions for our clients, combining in-depth know how, wide The activities of numberless projects- ranging experience, and a thorough starting with basic lab tests to market analysis of the components of an analyses and marketing plans for our application, its pocess conditions and clients on to the design of turnkey objectives. From this point of view, we systems based on an unique process are guided in all of our activities by the philosophy - give us the opportunity to following motto: increase our competence and to collect important practical experience We, the BOKEIA-Team, strive to provide on an on-going basis. At the same time, our clients products and services of the our engineers form trustful and valuable highest value and the best quality relationships with men and women at based on the latest state of technology. customers' sites all over the world. The- We are committed to have long-term, se experiences and relationships, but trusting and constructive relationships also the continual co-operation with with our cllients, partners and suppliers. our academic colleagues, are foun- dations for being a comprehensive innovation power. Backed by this inno- Karlsruhe, April 2001 vation power we are convinced to BOKELA GrnbH keep on our responsibility for our clients and partners, but especially also for our Pgr- employees. The wonderful team atmosphere - the 'Spirit of BOKELA - creates superior performances.A nd we at BOKEIA are Dr g.Rein rd B proud to be part of this team where everyone is taking care of each other. This is not only a social responsibility, but also an obligation to perform at the highest quality level. Our quality policy is backed by IS0 9001 and proclaims: BOKEIA approaches solid/liquid sepa- ration as a process technology in a comprehensive form. Integrated Engi- neering is the basis for the most suitable, SolidlLiquid Separation Lexicon Reinhard Bott and Thomas Langeloh Copyright0 Wiley-VCH Veriag GrnbfL2002 Abrasion A brusion Activuted Curbon (Churcod) Wear and tear on walls or pipes inside Activated carbon is made from wood, of equipment due to friction of moving peat, hardened coal or fruit shells by solid particles; specially in areas where carbonization in an oven. They are flow direction changes or velocity highly porous with a large 3 specific increases.R eduction is possible through surface area and have excellent smooth transitions or the application of 3 adsorption properties. Activated a protective coating. The protective carbon is used for liquids as a 3 fi/ter layer on the blades of a 3 conveyor media in 3 deep bed filtration for screw is called armoring. clarification, decolorization, and for flavor adjustment. Absolute Filtration Additives means that a specified minimal particle size has to be retained with absolute Foreign matter added to a partially certainty. demoistured 3 bulk, in order to maintain a specified mean 3 product moisfure.Onee mploys this method e.g. Absorption in the processing of municipal sewage + The transport of gases by dimsion into that must be deposited in dry form, a condensed phase (i.e. a liquid or a however, this method may lead to a solid) and forming homogeneous technical success but is not desirable solutions. The gas-specific equilibrium because additional material is needed concentration as determined by for deposition. temperature and pressure limit the amount absorbed. Adhesion Adherence of solids caused by ACTD- Testdust molecular attraction forces. Originates Common test material for the from 3 adsorption. evaluation of a 3 filter media. Arizona Control Test Dust is available in two Adhesionul Friction relatively narrow fractions, i.e. Fine (0 - 80 pm) and Coarse (0 - 200 pm). 3 Friction 1 Adhesive Liquid Adhesive liquid separation of solids by Increasing their sedimentation velocity, and often The liquid portion in the bulk of a improve the permeability of a filter cake suspension that is still bound by + by increasing its porosity. adhesion after mechanical de- moisturing. The adsorbed quantity is a Alpha- Value function of the solids specific surface, the type of liquid and its structure, Factor characterizing the filter cake respectively, reaching up to 10 permeability as derived from the molecule diameters, i.e. about +Darcy equation.T ypical alpha values 30x10-@cm . This liquid cannot be of cakes range from 10” m-2t o 1 m-*. 0l6 removed by mechanical means. They represent an integral mean over + the entire cake thickness. Individual Adsorbates alpha values ca+n be estimated for + instance by the Karman & Kozeny Adsorption equation. However, it can be done quantitatively only experimentally Adsorption (+ Filtratesf). An enrichment of gases and dissolved substances (+ adsorbates) due to Ampholyfe molecular forces (+ Van-der-W ads + Chemical compound,w hich can react forces, electrostatic forces) at phase both as an acid or a base, for instance boundaries, e.g. a solid surface aluminum hydroxide. or amino acids. (adsorbens) or a liquid surface. The larger the interface the more can be adsorbed. The adsorption is normally limited to a mono-molecular surface Chemical compounds behave in an layer. An adsorption process is usually amphoteric manner when they accompanied by a release of energy respond against stronger acids as (adsorption energy). The so-called bases, or against stronger bases as adsorption isotherm correlates the acids; e.g. oxides and hydroxides of concentration of adsorbate in the fiuid aluminum, zinc or lead, or amino acids. around the boundary with the amount already adsorbed. Anaphoresis + Electrophoresis Agglomerate Binding of solid particles by adhesive Angle of Wetting forces which in turn can be generated + + + + by Van-der-W mlsf orces, hydrogen wetting contactangle + bridges, or cross-linking polyfneriCS, + such as tlocculants. Agglomerates + formed like flakes enhance the 2
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