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Solar Radiation PDF

494 Pages·2012·23.315 MB·English
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SOLAR RADIATION Edited by Elisha B. Babatunde Solar Radiation Edited by Elisha B. Babatunde Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Daria Nahtigal Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published March, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected] Solar Radiation, Edited by Elisha B. Babatunde p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0384-4 Contents   Preface IX Part 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Solar Radiation, a Friendly Renewable Energy Source 3 E. B. Babatunde Part 2 Solar Radiation Fundamentals, Measurement and Analysis 19 Chapter 2 The Relationship Between Incoming Solar Radiation and Land Surface Energy Fluxes 21 Edgar G. Pavia Chapter 3 Interannual and Intraseasonal Variations of the Available Solar Radiation 33 Kalju Eerme Chapter 4 A New Method to Estimate the Temporal Fraction of Cloud Cover 53 Esperanza Carrasco, Alberto Carramiñana, Remy Avila, Leonardo J. Sánchez and Irene Cruz-González Chapter 5 Impact of Solar Radiation Data and Its Absorption Schemes on Ocean Model Simulations 77 Goro Yamanaka, Hiroshi Ishizaki, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Hideyuki Nakano and Mikitoshi Hirabara Chapter 6 Variation Characteristics Analysis of Ultraviolet Radiation Measured from 2005 to 2010 in Beijing China 99 Hu Bo Chapter 7 Solar Radiation Models and Information for Renewable Energy Applications 111 E. O. Falayi and A. B. Rabiu VI Contents Chapter 8 Correlation and Persistence in Global Solar Radiation 131 Isabel Tamara Pedron Chapter 9 Surface Albedo Estimation and Variation Characteristics at a Tropical Station 141 E. B. Babatunde Part 3 Agricultural Application – Bioeffect 153 Chapter 10 Solar Radiation in Tidal Flat 155 M. Azizul Moqsud Chapter 11 Solar Radiation Effect on Crop Production 167 Carlos Campillo, Rafael Fortes and Maria del Henar Prieto Chapter 12 Effects of Solar Radiation on Animal Thermoregulation 195 Amy L. Norris and Thomas H. Kunz Chapter 13 Solar Radiation Utilization by Tropical Forage Grasses: Light Interception and Use Efficiency 221 Roberto Oscar Pereyra Rossiello and Mauro Antonio Homem Antunes Chapter 14 Effects of Solar Radiation on Fertility and the Flower Opening Time in Rice Under Heat Stress Conditions 245 Kazuhiro Kobayasi Part 4 Architectural Application 267 Chapter 15 Innovative Devices for Daylighting and Natural Ventilation in Architecture 269 Oreste Boccia, Fabrizio Chella and Paolo Zazzini Chapter 16 Solar Radiation in Buildings, Transfer and Simulation Procedures 291 Jose Maria Cabeza Lainez Chapter 17 An Approach to Overhang Design, Istanbul Example 315 Nilgün Sultan Yüceer Part 5 Electricity Application 323 Chapter 18 Optimized Hybrid Modulation Algorithm to Control Large Unbalances in Voltage and Intensity in the NP Point of an NPC Converter 325 Manuel Gálvez, F. Javier Rodríguez and Emilio Bueno Contents VII Chapter 19 Potential Applications for Solar Photocatalysis: From Environmental Remediation to Energy Conversion 339 Antonio Eduardo Hora Machado, Lidiaine Maria dos Santos, Karen Araújo Borges, Paulo dos Santos Batista, Vinicius Alexandre Borges de Paiva, Paulo Souza Müller Jr., Danielle Fernanda de Melo Oliveira and Marcela Dias França Chapter 20 Utility Scale Solar Power with Minimal Energy Storage 379 Qi Luo and Kartik B. Ariyur Part 6 Thermal Application 397 Chapter 21 An Opaque Solar Lumber Drying House Covered by a Composite Surface 399 Kanayama Kimio, Koga Shinya, Baba Hiromu and Sugawara Tomoyoshi Chapter 22 The Summer Thermal Behaviour of “Skin” Materials in Greek Cities as a Decisive Parameter for Their Selection 419 Flora Bougiatioti Chapter 23 Safe Drinking Water Generation by Solar-Driven Fenton-Like Processes 447 Benito Corona-Vasquez, Veronica Aurioles and Erick R. Bandala Chapter 24 Application of Asphalt Bonded Solar Thermogenerator in Poultry House Illumination 459 R. S. Bello, S. O. Odey, K. A. Eke, A. S. Mohammed, R. B. Balogun, O. Okelola and T. A. Adegbulugbe Preface   Solar radiation is a relatively new concept. As old as its source, the sun, little did the world realize and know its potential as an enormous energy provider. It has now attracted the attention of scientists, engineers and even the public. It is finding its way into the academic curricula of science and engineering courses in higher institutions. It is studied as an environmental science and as an energy course, particularly in the aspect of alternative or renewable energy source both in science and engineering departments of universities. The book presents some fundamentals of solar radiation and some possible and feasible applications as an energy source. The book is divided into six sections: Section I: Introduction Section II: Solar Radiation Fundamentals, Measurement and Analysis Section III: Agricultural Application – Bioeffect Section IV: Architectural Application Section V: Electricity Application Section VI: Thermal Application Looking in the future, solar radiation with its diverse applications is a reality. By the replacement of fossil fuels energy with clean energy, we will be doing our world and environment a lot of good and make it a better place to live. E. B. Babatunde Covenant University, Canaan Land, Ota, Nigeria

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