Solar Radiation

494 Pages·2012·23.315 MB·English

by  E. Babatunde

SOLAR RADIATION

Edited by Elisha B. Babatunde
Solar Radiation
Edited by Elisha B. Babatunde

Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia

Copyright © 2012 InTech
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Publishing Process Manager Daria Nahtigal
Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer InTech Design Team

First published March, 2012
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]

Solar Radiation, Edited by Elisha B. Babatunde
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0384-4

Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 1 Solar Radiation, a Friendly Renewable Energy Source 3
E. B. Babatunde
Part 2 Solar Radiation
Fundamentals, Measurement and Analysis 19
Chapter 2 The Relationship Between Incoming
Solar Radiation and Land Surface Energy Fluxes 21
Edgar G. Pavia
Chapter 3 Interannual and Intraseasonal
Variations of the Available Solar Radiation 33
Kalju Eerme
Chapter 4 A New Method to
Estimate the Temporal Fraction of Cloud Cover 53
Esperanza Carrasco, Alberto Carramiñana, Remy Avila,
Leonardo J. Sánchez and Irene Cruz-González
Chapter 5 Impact of Solar Radiation Data
and Its Absorption Schemes on Ocean Model Simulations 77
Goro Yamanaka, Hiroshi Ishizaki, Hiroyuki Tsujino,
Hideyuki Nakano and Mikitoshi Hirabara
Chapter 6 Variation Characteristics Analysis of Ultraviolet
Radiation Measured from 2005 to 2010 in Beijing China 99
Hu Bo
Chapter 7 Solar Radiation Models and
Information for Renewable Energy Applications 111
E. O. Falayi and A. B. Rabiu
VI Contents

Chapter 8 Correlation and Persistence in Global Solar Radiation 131
Isabel Tamara Pedron
Chapter 9 Surface Albedo Estimation and
Variation Characteristics at a Tropical Station 141
E. B. Babatunde
Part 3 Agricultural Application – Bioeffect 153
Chapter 10 Solar Radiation in Tidal Flat 155
M. Azizul Moqsud
Chapter 11 Solar Radiation Effect on Crop Production 167
Carlos Campillo, Rafael Fortes and Maria del Henar Prieto
Chapter 12 Effects of Solar Radiation on Animal Thermoregulation 195
Amy L. Norris and Thomas H. Kunz
Chapter 13 Solar Radiation Utilization by Tropical
Forage Grasses: Light Interception and Use Efficiency 221
Roberto Oscar Pereyra Rossiello
and Mauro Antonio Homem Antunes
Chapter 14 Effects of Solar Radiation on Fertility and the Flower
Opening Time in Rice Under Heat Stress Conditions 245
Kazuhiro Kobayasi
Part 4 Architectural Application 267
Chapter 15 Innovative Devices for Daylighting
and Natural Ventilation in Architecture 269
Oreste Boccia, Fabrizio Chella and Paolo Zazzini
Chapter 16 Solar Radiation in Buildings,
Transfer and Simulation Procedures 291
Jose Maria Cabeza Lainez
Chapter 17 An Approach to
Overhang Design, Istanbul Example 315
Nilgün Sultan Yüceer
Part 5 Electricity Application 323
Chapter 18 Optimized Hybrid Modulation Algorithm
to Control Large Unbalances in Voltage and
Intensity in the NP Point of an NPC Converter 325
Manuel Gálvez, F. Javier Rodríguez and Emilio Bueno
Contents VII

Chapter 19 Potential Applications for Solar Photocatalysis:
From Environmental Remediation to Energy Conversion 339
Antonio Eduardo Hora Machado, Lidiaine Maria dos Santos,
Karen Araújo Borges, Paulo dos Santos Batista,
Vinicius Alexandre Borges de Paiva, Paulo Souza Müller Jr.,
Danielle Fernanda de Melo Oliveira and Marcela Dias França
Chapter 20 Utility Scale Solar Power with Minimal Energy Storage 379
Qi Luo and Kartik B. Ariyur
Part 6 Thermal Application 397
Chapter 21 An Opaque Solar Lumber Drying
House Covered by a Composite Surface 399
Kanayama Kimio, Koga Shinya,
Baba Hiromu and Sugawara Tomoyoshi
Chapter 22 The Summer Thermal Behaviour
of “Skin” Materials in Greek Cities
as a Decisive Parameter for Their Selection 419
Flora Bougiatioti
Chapter 23 Safe Drinking Water Generation
by Solar-Driven Fenton-Like Processes 447
Benito Corona-Vasquez, Veronica Aurioles and Erick R. Bandala
Chapter 24 Application of Asphalt Bonded
Solar Thermogenerator in Poultry House Illumination 459
R. S. Bello, S. O. Odey, K. A. Eke, A. S. Mohammed,
R. B. Balogun, O. Okelola and T. A. Adegbulugbe

Preface

Solar radiation is a relatively new concept. As old as its source, the sun, little did the
world realize and know its potential as an enormous energy provider. It has now
attracted the attention of scientists, engineers and even the public.
It is finding its way into the academic curricula of science and engineering courses in
higher institutions. It is studied as an environmental science and as an energy course,
particularly in the aspect of alternative or renewable energy source both in science and
engineering departments of universities.
The book presents some fundamentals of solar radiation and some possible and
feasible applications as an energy source. The book is divided into six sections:
Section I: Introduction
Section II: Solar Radiation Fundamentals, Measurement and Analysis
Section III: Agricultural Application – Bioeffect
Section IV: Architectural Application
Section V: Electricity Application
Section VI: Thermal Application
Looking in the future, solar radiation with its diverse applications is a reality.
By the replacement of fossil fuels energy with clean energy, we will be doing our
world and environment a lot of good and make it a better place to live.

E. B. Babatunde
Covenant University, Canaan Land, Ota,
Nigeria