Software Metrics: Research and Practice in Software Measurement

228 Pages·1997·4.659 MB·German

by  Roland Hubig, Ivan Morschel (auth.), Professor Dr. Franz Lehner, Reiner Dumke, Alain Abran (eds.)

Lehner/Dumke/ Abran (Eds.)
Software Metries
GABLER EDITION WISSENSCHAFT
Information Engineering und
IV- Controll in g
Herausgegeben von Professor Dr. Franz Lehner
Die Schriften reihe präsentiert aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse der
Wirtschaftsinformatik sowie interdisziplinäre Ansätze aus Informatik
und Betriebswirtschaftslehre. Ein zentrales Anliegen ist dabei die
Pflege der Verbindung zwischen Theorie und Praxis durch eine an
wendungsorientierte Darstellung sowie durch die Aktualität der Bei
träge. Mit der inhaltlichen Orientierung an Fragen des Information
Engineerings und des IV-Controllings soll insbesondere ein Beitrag zur
theoretischen Fundierung und Weiterentwicklung eines wichtigen
Teilbereichs der Wirtschaftsinformatik geleistet werden.
Franz Lehner/Reiner Dumke/
Alain Abran (Eds.)
Software Metries
Research and Practice
in Software Measurement
DeutscherUniversitäts Verlag
Die Deutsche Bibliothek -CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Software Metrics : research and practice in software Measurement
/ Hrsg.: Franz lehner ....
-Wiesbaden: Dt. Univ.-Verl.; Wiesbaden: Gabler, 1997
(Gabler Edition Wissenschaft : Information Engineering und IV-Controlling)
ISBN 978-3-8244-6518-7 ISBN 978-3-322-99929-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-322-99929-0
Der Deutsche Universităts-Verlag und der Gabler Verlag sind Unternehmen der
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© Betriebswirtschaftlicher Verlag Dr. Th. Gabler GmbH, Wiesbaden 1997
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ISBN 978-3-8244-6518-7
Foreword
There ubiquity of software in the development of complex systems and high technology
consumer products is steadily increasing in a competitive environment that is now global in
scope. Thus software developers are faced with the challenge of making software systems and
products of ever greater quality and safety, while at the same time being faced with the growing
pressure of costs reduction in order to gain and maintain competitive advantages. As in any
scientific and engineering discipline, reliable measurement is essential for talking on such a
challenge.
"Software measurement is an excellent abstraction mechanism for learning what works and what
doesn't" (Victor Basili). Measurement of both software processes and products provides a large
amount of basic information for the evaluation of the software development processes or the
software products themselves. Examples of recent successes in software measurement span
multiple areas, such as evaluation of new development methods and paradigms, quality and
management improvement programs, tool-supporting initiatives and company-wide measurement
programs.
The German Computer Science Interest (GI) Group of Software Metrics, the (GI) Interest Group
of Quality Improvement of Object-Oriented Systems and the Canadian Interest Group in
Software Metrics (CIM) have attended to these concems in the recent years. Research initiatives
were directed initially to the definition of software metrics and then to validation of the software
metrics themselves. This was followed by more and more investigation into practical
applications of software metrics and by critical analysis of the benefits and weaknesses of
software measurement programs. Key findings in this area of software engineering have been
published in some important books, such as Zuse's Software Complexity, AIlerburg and Abran's
Metries in Software Evolution, Durnke and Zuse's Theory and Practice of Software
Measurement, Durnke et al.'s Software Quality with Metric Tools, Lehner's Software
Maintenance and Ebert and Durnke's Software Metries in Practice.
VI Foreword
This new book inciudes key papers presented at the 6th International Workshop on Software
Metrics in Regensburg (Germany), September 1996. It is a coIlection of theoretical studies in the
field of software measlirement as weIl as experience reports on the application of software
metrics in Canadian, Austrian, Belgian and Gerrnan companies and universities. Some of these
papers and reports describe new software measurement applications and paradigms for
knowledge-based techniques, maintenance service evaluation, factor analysis discussions and
neural-fuzzy applications. Others address the object-oriented paradigm and discuss the
application ofthe Function Point approach to an object-oriented design method, the evaluation of
the Java development environment, the analysis of quality and productivity improvements of
object-oriented systems, as weIl as the definition of the metrics of ciass libraries. Other papers
offer a different perspective, presenting a software measurement education system designed to
help improve the lack of training in this field, for example, or they inciude experience reports
about the implemention of measurement programs in industrial environments.
This book will be of interest to software engineering researchers, as weIl as to practitioners in the
areas of project management and quality improvement prograrns, for both software maintenance
and software development in general.
Alain Abran
Reiner Durnke
Franz Lehner
Table of Contents
Foreword ................................................................................................................................... v
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................... vn
I. Quality and Measurement of Object-Oriented Software ........................... 1
R. Hubig, I. Morschel
Quality and Produetivity Improvement in Objeet-Oriented Software Development ................. 3
M. Hitz, S. Stiller
Automatie Extraetion of Objeet -Oriented Software Metries ................................................... 15
R.Dumke
Really Objeet-Oriented Software Metrics ................................................................................ 27
T. Fetcke, A. Abran, T.-H. Nguyen
Mapping the OO-Jaeobson Approach to Funetion Point Analysis .......................................... 59
11. Internet and World Wide Web ................................................................... 75
A. Winkler, R. Dumke, R. Koeppe, G. Kompf
Efficieney and Maintainability of JAVA Applications ............................................................ 77
B. Duhamel, G. St-Amant, A. Abran
Design of a Measure to Assess Complianee of Internet Web Sites with Privacy Laws ........... 95
111. Software Metrics and Measurement ...................................................... 109
M. Maya, A. Abran, P. Bourque
Measuring the Size of Small Funetional Enhaneements to Software .................................... 111
D. Schmelz, M. Schmelz
The Use ofFaetor Analysis in the Area of Software Metries ................................................ 123
E. Baisch, C. Ebert
On a Neural-Fuzzy Teehnique with GA-Optimization for Software Quality Models ........... 131
H. Zuse
The Software Measure Information System: ZD-MlS ........................................................... 139
VIll Table of Contents
IV. Quality Improvement and Validation Process ...................................... 165
F. Houdek
Software Quality Improvement by Using an Experience Factory .......................................... 167
J.-M. Deshamais, P. Mords
Validation Process in Software Engineering: An Example with Function Point.. ................. 183
C. Ebert
Applying Knowledge-Based Techniques to Software Quality Management. ........................ 193
A. Mittelmann
Implementation of a Measurement Plan in an Industrial Environment.. ................................ 211
List of Contributors ................................................................................................................ 229
I. Quality and Measurement of Object
Oriented Software
Quality and Productivity Improvement in Object-Oriented Software
Development
Roland Hubig, Ivan Morschel
Abstract
The quality movement in the last years has a drarnatic impact on all industrial sectors, reaching
recently the systems and software industry. Reuse of products, processes and experiences origi
nating from the system life-cycle is seen today as a feasible solution to the problem of developing
higher quality systems at a lower cost. Managers and developers have to decide among different
approaches to improve productivity and software quality. This paper relates the experiences in
introducing., establishing and validating a goal-oriented approach to measurement and control of
the quality and productivity in an industrial environment. Firstly, we will describe the basic
quality methods applied like QIP and software metrics, then the main characteristics of the envi
ronment at the Daimler-Benz Aerospace AG (DASA) in Ulm. Finally, we present the experi
ences gained with the improvement of the industrial object- oriented systems development.
1. Introduction
Software systems are present in almost every activity or artifact in our society, being tardy per
ceptible when software problems arise. However, software is often not completely understood or
developed in a controlled way. In particular, there is a certain difficulty in dealing with software
quality or productivity.
What means in essence quality software? How can we produce quality software? How to sys
tematically introduce new technologies in running projects ? How to effectivelly select and use
appropriate metrics to measure quality of software during development ? In the industry there are
different approaches like CMM, Bootstrap, AMI, etc. supporting assessment of software. Of par
ticular interest is the Quality Improvement Paradigm which involves the use of a goal-oriented
approach to empirically, i.e. based on the characteristics of the target environment, improve
software quality. It gives support for analyzing and controlling quality of product and processes
during their development. Specially by reducing the arnount of rework and reusing software arti
facts across segments of many different projects and by planning, sustaining and continually im-