Software Development and Professional Practice

255 Pages·2011·6.26 MB·English

by  John Dooley

BOOKS FOR PROFESSIONALS BY PROFESSIONALS®
Dooley
Software Development and
RELATED
Professional Practice
Make your code work harder! Software Development and Professional Practice will
show you how you can improve your coding practices and write better programs. It
teaches you:
• Characteristics of good programs
• Coding standards and how to apply them to real coding
• Debugging, unit testing, and modularity
• Object-oriented programming (OOP) design principles and great coding
Software Development and Professional Practice will help you to understand the prin-
ciples of good software design and, in turn, how to write great code. You’ll learn:
• What methods and processes are available to help you design great software
• How to apply software engineering principles to your daily coding practice
• How to apply the principles you’ve learned to specific and real-world
coding problems
• How to construct professional standard code
Software Development and Professional Practice covers many of the topics described
for the ACM Computing Curricula 2001 course C292c Software Development and
Professional Practice. Making it both an ideal textbook and authoritative manual for
the working professional.
US $49.99
Shelve in
Software Engineering/
Software Development
User level:
Beginning–Advanced
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Software Development
and Professional Practice

  
John Dooley

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Software Development and Professional Practice
Copyright © 2011 by John Dooley
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ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4302-3801-0
ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4302-3802-7
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Lead Editor: Dominic Shakeshaft
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Wade, Tom Welsh
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For Diane, who is always there;
for Patrick, the best son a guy could have; and
for Margaret Teresa Hume Dooley (1926–1976),
the first one is for you, Mom.

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Contents at a Glance
 About the Author..................................................................................................xiv
 About the Technical Reviewer..............................................................................xv
 Acknowledgments...............................................................................................xvi
 Preface................................................................................................................xvii
 Chapter 1: Introduction to Software Development.................................................1
 Chapter 2: Process Life Cycle Models.....................................................................7
 Chapter 3: Project Management Essentials..........................................................27
 Chapter 4: Requirements......................................................................................37
 Chapter 5: Software Architecture.........................................................................47
 Chapter 6: Design Principles................................................................................59
 Chapter 7: Structured Design...............................................................................71
 Chapter 8: Object-Oriented Analysis and Design—An Overview.........................87
 Chapter 9: Object-Oriented Analysis and Design.................................................99
 Chapter 10: Object-Oriented Design Principles..................................................115
 Chapter 11: Design Patterns...............................................................................137
 Chapter 12: Code Construction...........................................................................159
 Chapter 13: Debugging.......................................................................................181
 Chapter 14: Unit Testing.....................................................................................193
 Chapter 15: Walkthroughs, Code Reviews, and Inspections..............................209
 Chapter 16: Wrapping It all Up............................................................................221
 Index...................................................................................................................227
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Contents
 About the Author..................................................................................................xiv
 About the Technical Reviewer..............................................................................xv
 Acknowledgments...............................................................................................xvi
 Preface................................................................................................................xvii
 Chapter 1: Introduction to Software Development.................................................1
What We’re Doing..............................................................................................................2
So, How to Develop Software?..........................................................................................2
Conclusion.........................................................................................................................4
References.........................................................................................................................5
 Chapter 2: Process Life Cycle Models.....................................................................7
A Model That’s not a Model At All: Code and Fix...............................................................8
Cruising over the Waterfall................................................................................................9
Backing Up the Waterfall.................................................................................................11
Loops Are Your Friend.....................................................................................................12
Evolving the Incremental Model......................................................................................13
Agile Is as Agile Does......................................................................................................14
eXtreme Programming (XP).............................................................................................15
XP Overview.....................................................................................................................15
XP Motivation...................................................................................................................16
The Four Variables...........................................................................................................16
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 CONTENTS
The Four Values...............................................................................................................17
The 15 Principles.............................................................................................................17
The Four Basic Activities.................................................................................................19
Implementing XP: The 12 Practices.................................................................................20
The XP Life Cycle.............................................................................................................22
Scrum, mate....................................................................................................................23
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................25
References.......................................................................................................................25
 Chapter 3: Project Management Essentials..........................................................27
Project Planning...............................................................................................................27
Project Organization........................................................................................................28
Risk Analysis....................................................................................................................28
Resource Requirements..................................................................................................30
Work Breakdown and Task Estimates.............................................................................31
Project Schedule..............................................................................................................31
Project Oversight.............................................................................................................34
Status Reviews and Presentations..................................................................................34
Defects.............................................................................................................................35
The Post-Mortem.............................................................................................................35
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................36
References.......................................................................................................................36
 Chapter 4: Requirements......................................................................................37
What Types of Requirements Are We Talking About Here?.............................................37
Functional Specification?................................................................................................38
But I Don’t Like Writing!...................................................................................................38
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 CONTENTS
That Natural Language Thing..........................................................................................38
Outline of a Functional Specification...............................................................................39
Overview..........................................................................................................................39
Disclaimer........................................................................................................................39
Author’s Name.................................................................................................................39
Scenarios of Typical Usage..............................................................................................40
Detailed Screen-By-Screen Specifications......................................................................40
Non-requirements............................................................................................................40
Open Issues.....................................................................................................................41
Design and Feature Ideas................................................................................................41
Backlog............................................................................................................................41
One More Thing...............................................................................................................42
Types of Requirements....................................................................................................42
User Requirements..........................................................................................................42
Domain Requirements.....................................................................................................42
Non-functional Requirements..........................................................................................43
Non-requirements............................................................................................................43
Requirements Digging.....................................................................................................43
Why Requirements Digging Is Hard.................................................................................44
Analyzing the Requirements............................................................................................45
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................46
References.......................................................................................................................46
 Chapter 5: Software Architecture.........................................................................47
General Architectural Patterns.........................................................................................48
Pipe-and-filter Architecture.............................................................................................48
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 CONTENTS
An Object-Oriented Architectural Pattern........................................................................49
An MVC Example: Let’s Hunt!..........................................................................................51
The Problem.....................................................................................................................51
Model...............................................................................................................................52
View.................................................................................................................................52
Controller.........................................................................................................................53
Model...............................................................................................................................53
The Client-Server Architectural Pattern...........................................................................53
The Layered Approach.....................................................................................................54
The Main Program: Subroutine Architectural Pattern......................................................56
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................57
References.......................................................................................................................58
 Chapter 6: Design Principles................................................................................59
The Design Process.........................................................................................................62
Desirable Design Characteristics (Things Your Design Should Favor).............................63
Design Heuristics.............................................................................................................64
Designers and Creativity..................................................................................................66
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................67
References.......................................................................................................................68
 Chapter 7: Structured Design...............................................................................71
Structured Programming.................................................................................................71
Stepwise Refinement.......................................................................................................72
Example of Stepwise Refinement: The Eight-Queens Problem..............................................................73
Modular Decomposition...................................................................................................79
Example: Keyword in Context: Indexes for You and Me.........................................................................80
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