Table Of Content

Y L F M A E T Team-Fly® Software Defined Radio for 3G For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Mobile Communications Series, turn to the back of this book. Software Defined Radio for 3G Paul Burns Artech House • Boston London www.artechhouse.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Burns, Paul (Paul Gowans), 1965– Software defined radio for 3G / Paul Burns. p. cm.—(Artech House mobile communications series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58053-347-7 (alk. paper) I. Software radio. 2. Global system for mobile communications. I. Title. II. Series. TK5103 4875 .B87 2002 CIP 2002032655 621.384—dc21 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Burns, Paul Software defined radio for 3G.—(Artech House mobile communications series) I. Software radio. 2. Cellular telephone systems I. Title 621.3’8456 ISBN 1-58053-347-7 Cover design by Igor Valdman MATLAB® and Simulink® are registered trademarks of The MathWorks, Inc. © 2003 ARTECH HOUSE, INC. 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includ- ing photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without per- mission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trade- mark or service mark. International Standard Book Number: 1-58053-347-7 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2002032655 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To my wife, Josephine, for her love, encouragement, enthusiasm, and sacrifices during the day-to-day development of this book. To my father, Paul, (senior) for passing on a passion for learning and intellectual stimulation. To my mother, Jean, for nuturing me through my youth and supporting my every venture. To my brother, Kenneth, for our life-long friendship and common enjoyment of all things radio. And to my brothers and sisters-in-law and the rest of my family for their moral support and interest in this project. Contents Preface xv 1 What Software Defined Radio Is and Why We Should Use It 1 1.1 Introduction to Software Defined Radio 1 1.2 3G Software Radio Applications 2 1.3 A Traditional Hardware Radio Architecture 3 1.4 An Ideal Software Defined Radio Architecture 4 1.5 Signal Processing Hardware History 5 1.6 Software Defined Radio Project Complexity 7 1.7 The Software Defined Radio Forum 7 1.8 Conclusion 8 References 9 2 A Basic Software Defined Radio Architecture 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 2G Radio Architectures 12 2.2.1 Hybrid Radio Architecture 13 2.3 Basic Software Defined Radio Block Diagram 17 vii viii Software Defined Radio for 3G 2.4 System-Level Functional Partitioning 21 2.4.1 Digital Frequency Conversion Partitioning 21 2.5 A COTS Implementation of the Basic Architecture 25 2.6 Conclusion 29 References 29 3 RF System Design 31 3.1 Introduction 31 3.2 Worldwide Frequency Band Plans 32 3.3 Noise and Channel Capacity 32 3.4 Link Budget 33 3.4.1 Free Space Loss 34 3.4.2 Practical Loss Models 35 3.4.3 IMT 2000 Path Loss Models 35 3.4.4 Detailed System Link Budget 38 3.5 3G RF Performance Requirements 40 3.5.1 Receiver Requirements 40 3.5.2 3G Transmitter Requirements 42 3.6 Multicarrier Power Amplifiers 43 3.6.1 Power Amplifier Linearizers 43 3.6.2 Power Consumption Efficiency 47 3.7 Signal Processing Capacity Tradeoff 48 3.8 Design Flow 48 3.9 Conclusion 49 References 50 4 Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Conversion 51 4.1 Introduction 51 Contents ix 4.2 Digital Conversion Fundamentals 52 4.2.1 Sample Rate 52 4.2.2 Bandpass Sampling 52 4.2.3 Oversampling 54 4.2.4 Antialias Filtering 54 4.2.5 Effective Number of Bits 54 4.2.6 Quantization 55 4.2.7 Static and Dynamic Errors 56 4.3 ADC Techniques 58 4.3.1 Successive Approximation 58 4.3.2 14-Bit Software Radio ADC 59 4.3.3 Dithering 60 4.3.4 Clock Jitter and Aperture Uncertainty 63 4.3.5 Figure of Merit 65 4.4 DACs 66 4.5 Converter Noise and Dynamic Range Budgets 67 4.5.1 DAC Noise Budget 67 4.5.2 ADC Noise Budget 69 4.6 Conclusion 70 References 70 5 Digital Frequency Up- and Downconverters 73 5.1 Introduction 73 5.2 Why Use DUCs and DDCs? 74 5.3 Frequency Converter Fundamentals 74 5.3.1 Digital NCO 75 5.3.2 Digital Mixers 76 5.3.3 Digital Filters 76 5.3.4 Halfband Filters 79 5.3.5 Cascaded Integrator Comb (CIC) Filters 80 5.3.6 Decimation, Interpolation, and Multirate Processing 81