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Software Defined Networks This page is intentionally left blank Software Defined Networks A Comprehensive Approach Paul Göransson Chuck Black AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Morgan Kaufmann is an imprint of Elsevier Acquiring Editor: Steve Elliot Editorial Project Manager: Kaitlin Herbert Project Manager: Punithavathy Govindaradjane Designer: Mark Rogers Morgan Kaufmann is an imprint of Elsevier 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechani- cal, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. 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To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Application submitted British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-0-12-416675-2 Printed and bound in the United States of America 14 15 16 17 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For information on all MK publications visit our website at www.mkp.com This book is dedicated to our families. This page is intentionally left blank In praise of Software Networks: A Comprehensive Approach “SDN is here and Görannson’s book will fill a glaring need in the technical education community. It is a new game in town. This useful reference will help get our students up to speed and ready to play in this world of immense new possibilities.” —Brian Capouch, Assistant Professor of Computer Science, Saint Joseph’s College “This book is THE collection of the state-of-the-art in SDN. Göransson and Black have compiled all of the current literature into an easy-to-read text, preparing the reader to be both current in SDN technology and aware of the impact that SDN will have today and tomorrow. This is a must-have on every network technologist’s shelf.” —Scott Valcourt, Director of Strategic Technology, University of New Hampshire “Göransson and Black have truly written a comprehensive book on SDN! This is the book we’ve all been waiting for. Göransson and Black provide an excellent background on SDN, how OpenFlow plays an important role in SDNs and how the close alignment with the open source movement has allowed this technology to progress at lightning speed over the past few years. Anyone who reads this book will walk away with a detailed understanding of SDN, OpenFlow, the SDN Ecosystem and even the busi- ness ramifications of implementing SDN. Personally, I can’t wait to use this book with my students in my SDN course.” —Robert M. Cannistra, NYS Cloud Computing Center - SDN Innovation Lab School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Marist College This page is intentionally left blank Contents List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................xv List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................xix Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................xxi Preface ...............................................................................................................................................xxiii CHAPTER 1 Introduction ��1 1�1 Basic Packet-Switching Terminology ..........................................................................2 1�2 Historical Background .................................................................................................4 1�3 The Modern Data Center .............................................................................................5 1�4 Traditional Switch Architecture ...................................................................................7 1�5 Autonomous and Dynamic Forwarding Tables .........................................................11 1�6 Can We Increase the Packet-Forwarding IQ? ............................................................17 1�7 Open Source and Technological Shifts ......................................................................18 1�8 Organization of this Book ..........................................................................................19 References ..................................................................................................................19 CHAPTER 2 Why SDN? ��21 2�1 Evolution of Switches and Control Planes ................................................................21 2�2 Cost ............................................................................................................................26 2�3 SDN Implications for Research and Innovation ........................................................28 2�4 Data Center Innovation ..............................................................................................29 2�5 Data Center Needs .....................................................................................................32 2�6 Conclusion .................................................................................................................34 References ..................................................................................................................34 CHAPTER 3 The Genesis of SDN ��37 3�1 The Evolution of Networking Technology ................................................................37 3�2 Forerunners of SDN ...................................................................................................40 3�3 Software Defined Networking is Born .......................................................................50 3�4 Sustaining SDN Interoperability ................................................................................52 3�5 Open Source Contributions ........................................................................................53 3�6 Legacy Mechanisms Evolve Toward SDN ................................................................54 3�7 Network Virtualization ...............................................................................................55 3�8 May I Please Call My Network SDN?.......................................................................55 3�9 Conclusion .................................................................................................................56 References ..................................................................................................................56 ix