Socio-Political Reflections and Civil Defense PDF
Preview Socio-Political Reflections and Civil Defense
The Collected Works of Eugene Paul Wigner Part B . Volume VIII Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH Eugene Paul Wigner The Collected Works of Eugene Paul Wigner Part A The Scientific Papers Editor: Arthur Wightman Annotated by Nandor Balazs Herman Feshbach Brian Judd Walter Kohn George Mackey Jagdish Mehra Abner Shimony Alvin Weinberg Arthur Wightman Part B Historical, Philosophical, and Socio-Political Papers Editor: J agdish Mehra Annotated by Conrad Chester Gerard Emch Jagdish Mehra The Collected Works of Eugene Paul Wigner Part A The Scientific Papers Volume I Part I: Eugene Paul Wigner - A Biographical Sketch Part II: Applied Group Theory 1926-1935 Part III: The Mathematical Papers Volume II Nuclear Physics Volume III Part I: Particles and Fields Part II: Foundations of Quantum Mechanics Volume IV Part I: Physical Chemistry Part II: Solid State Physics Volume V Nuclear Energy: Part I: Eugene Wigner and Nuclear Energy Part II: Memoir of the Uranium Project Part III: Articles, Reports, and Memoranda on Nuclear Energy Part IV: The Wigner Patents Part B Historical, Philosophical, and Socio-Political Papers Volume VI Philosophical Reflections and Syntheses Volume VII Historical and Biographical Reflections and Syntheses Volume VIII Socio-Political Reflections and Civil Defense The Collected Works of Eugene Paul Wigner Part B Historical, Philosophical, and Socio-Political Papers Volume VIII Socio-Political Reflections and Civil Defense Annotated by Conrad Chestert Edited by Jagdish Mehra Springer Jagdish Mehra The Jagdish Mehra Collection University of Houston 6043 South Loop East Houston, TX 77033-1041, USA Conrad Chestert formerlyat Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA The photogrnph of E. P. Wigner on page II is reproduced from page 24 of the original article "Atoms, Arms & Apathy" (an interview with E. P. Wigner by Earl T. Tildon) published in the Journal of Civil Defense 12, 24-27 (Nov.-Dec. 1977) Library 01' Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Oma (Revised for A, v.l, pt.I-3) Wigner, Eugene Paul, 1902-. The collected works of Eugene Paul Wigner. Includes bibliographieal references. Contems: pt. A. The scientific papers - v. I, pt. I. A biographieal sketchlby Jagdish Mehra. pt. 2. Applied group theory 1926-35 annotatedlby Srian Judd. pt. 3. Mathemntical papers annotatedlby George Mackey - - v. 5. Nuclear energy. I. Mathematical physics. I. Weinberg, Alvin Martin, 1915-. 11. Title QCI9.3.W54 1992 530 92-38376 ISBN 978-3-642-63765-0 ISBN 978-3-642-58862-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-58862-4 This work is ,ubject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or pan of the material is concerned, specifical Iy the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm 01' in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998 Originally pnblished by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1998 Softcover reprint of tbe hardcover 1st edition 1998 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the ab sence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting of the annotation and the reset contributions: Springer TEX in-house system SPIN 10121989 55/3143 - 5 432 I 0 - Printed on acid-free paper Editors' Preface The papers have been divided, necessarily somewhat arbitrarily, into two parts Part A: The Scientific Papers Part B: Historical, Philosophical, and Socio-Political Papers Within each part, the papers have been divided by subject, and within each subject printed chronologically. With some exceptions, every scientific paper is reprinted in its original form. One class of exceptions consists of papers that are simply translations into Hungarian from German or English; they are omit ted, but listed in the bibliographies. Scientific papers originally in Hungarian have been translated into English. Some of the papers of Volume V / Part III, Articles, Reports, and Memoranda on Nuclear Energy, have been reset and the figures redrawn. The originals were declassified reports, some in nearly illegible shape. Some reports and patents in Volume V / Part III and Part IV are listed by title only. In contrast to the scientific papers where the coverage is essentially complete, in Part B, a selection has been made. We believe it is representative of Wigner's far ranging concerns. The five books in which Wigner was involved as author, co-author, or lecturer are not reprinted in The Collected Works, but are noted b the annotations and bibliographies. After the publication of Volume I, V, and VI of The Collected Works, Eugene Wigner died (1 January 1995). The heirs of his estate have donated his scientific papers and correspondence to Princeton University where they are available to researchers at The Eugene P. Wigner Papers Manuscripts Division Department of Rare Books and Special Collections Princeton University Libraries Springer-Verlag and the co-editors of The Collected Works intend to give to Princeton University for inclusion in this collection, whatever scientific papers are left over after the publication of The Collected Works is complete. Jagdish Mehra Arthur S. Wightman Contents Wigner on Civil Defense Annotation by Conrad Chester ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 PART I Exploring the Technology 1960-1964 Fallout: Criticism of a Criticism ....................................... 19 Recall the Ends - While Pondering Means ............................. 22 Why Civil Defense .................................................... 26 Letter on Article by Wiesner and york............. ... ................. 30 Civil Defense. Address to the Mercer County, New Jersey Civil Defense and Disaster Control Organization, May 26, 1964 ...... 35 Civil Defense - Project Harbor Summary Report (Foreword) ........... 42 PART II The Age of MADness 1964-1969 Civil Defense: Wigner on Project Harbor .............................. 47 The Possible Effectiveness of Civil Defense. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Civil Defense and Disarmament ....................................... 74 Address on Civil Defense at Executive Offices Building on April 21, 1967 ................................................... 76 Defense from Nuclear Attack (Remarks on Stuart Chase's Statement) ., 81 Nuclear War and Civil Defense ........................................ 83 Roadblocks to Civil Defense ........................................... 98 Civil Defense - Little Harbor Report (Preface) ......................... 100 Defense vs. Retaliation ................................................ 103 The Objectives of Civil Defense ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 109 X Contents PART III The Soviets Deploy an Effective Civil Defense System: Urban Evacuation 1969-1976 The Myth of "Assured Destruction" ................................... 133 Blast Shelter Effectiveness and Cost ................................... 136 Why Civil Defence - 1970 ............................................. 138 Military Research and Development (with R. K. Adair) ................. 142 Will Soviet Civil Defense Undermine SALT? (with J. Gailar) ........... 144 Without Civil Defense We Are in ... A Glass House (with A. A. Broyles and E. Teller) ....................................................... 150 Excerpts from E. Wigner's Address to the USCDC Conference, St. Paul ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 152 Russian Evacuation Plans - the Fears They Create (with J. S. Gailar) .. 158 Civil Defense in the Soviet Union (with J. S. Gailar) .................... 160 Population Vulnerability: The Neglected Issue in Arms Limitation and the Strategic Balance (with C. V. Chester) ...................... 163 Civil Defense in Limited War - A Debate. In Favor: A. A. Broyles and E. P Wigner. Opposed: S. D. Drell ............. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. 170 Surviving a Nuclear War (with C. M. Haaland) ......................... 186 More on Civil Defense ................................................. 188 PART IV The U. S. Government Discovers Soviet Civil Defense 1976-1979 Civil Preparedness and Limited Nuclear War .......................... 195 Soviet Civil Defense (with C. H. Kearny) ............................... 200 Must We Leave Our People Unprotected Against an Attack? (with R. N. Thurmer) ............................................... 202 Defense of Cities by Antiballistic Missiles (with C. M. Haaland) ......... 205 Soviet Nuclear Strategy ............................................... 223 We Heartily Disagree (with A. A. Broyles) .............................. 224 Atoms, Arms, and Apathy (An Interview by E. T. Tildon) .............. 229 America Needs a Better Civil Defense Program (with E. Teller) ........ 234 PART V Recapitulation 1979-1983 Civil Defence in USA and Elsewhere ................................... 239 Education - Key to Civil Defense Success .............................. 245 A Case for Civil Defense .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 249 Two Remarks (Nuclear Blackmail and My Hope) ...................... 251 Contents XI Bibliography Papers Reprinted in This Volume ...................................... 253 Papers on Cl Related Topic Reprinted in Another Volume of The Collected Works ............................................. 256 Papers on Related Topics Not Reprinted in The Collected Works....... 256
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