Society of Extension Education, Anand (Gujarat)

128 Pages·2015·3.36 MB·English

Gujarat Journal
of
Extension Education
Vol. : 25
Issue : 1
Year : 2014
«Mkkh
Society of Extension Education, Anand (Gujarat)
Directorate of Extension Education
Anand Agricultural University
Anand-388 110, Gujarat, India
i
EDITORIAL BOARD
(Gujarat Journal of Extension Education )

Chief Editor : Dr. M. R. Prajapati
Prinicpal, C. P. College of Agriculture
Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University
SK Nagar-385506
Mo. : 99249 77250
Email: [email protected]
Associate Editors : Dr. M. R. Bhatt
Associate Professor, Dept. of Extension Education
N.M. College of Agriculture, NAU, Navsari-396450
Mo. : 99980 12219
Email: [email protected]

Dr. V. T. Patel
Associate Professor, Dept. of Extension Education
C.P. College of Agriculture
Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University
SK Nagar-385506
Mo. : 99985 53060
Email: [email protected]

Dr. J. B. Patel
Associate Editor (Middle Gujarat Region & Other State)
Associate Professor, Dept. of Extension Education
B.A., College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University
Anand – 388 110
Mo. : 94273 85081
Email: [email protected]

Dr. V. J. Savaliya
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Extension Education
College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural Univeristy
Junagadh-362001
Mo. : 94277 41952
Email: [email protected]

Dr. N. V. Soni
Associate Extension Educationist
Publication Dept., DOEE, Anand Agricultural University
Anand – 388 110
Mo. : 94278 56045
Email: [email protected]

Dr. J. K. Patel
Associate Professor, Dairy Vigyan Kendra
Dairy Science College, Anand Agricultural University
Anand-388110
Mo. : 96012 79243
Email: [email protected]
ii
Guidelines to Author
Gujarat Journal of Extension Education
General rules
1 Gujarat Journal of Extension Education is published yearly by “Society of Extension Education”,
Anand, which includes the articles contributed by the members of the association and invited articles
of eminent researchers.
2 The journal publishes full- length papers, short communication based on new finding/approaches
and review articles in English only.
3 The paper submitted for the publication in the journal should not contain material already published
in any form or even a part of it offered for publication elsewhere.
4 Authors should submit a certificate duly signed by all authors to the effect that material contained
has not been submitted elsewhere for publication.
5 All papers are published after peer review and thereafter approved by the Chief Editor.
6 Submission of paper (through online or offline with CD) does not guarantee its acceptance or
publication in Gujarat Journal of Extension Education.
7 It is mandatory for all authors to be member of the Society of Extension Education, Anand (Gujarat).
8 Copy of journal is provided free to all its members. Reprints of papers are not provided.
9 The research paper should contain only three author names. The research paper contains more than
three names will not be accepted for publication.
Preparation of manuscript
1 Articles should not exceed 1 .5 double spaced typed pages including references, tables, figures etc.
2 Title of contribution should be short, specific and phrased to identify the content in the article and
include the nature of the study. It must written in running letters with first letter capital.
3 The names and initials of the place where research was conducted should be given as the by-line.
Any change in the address of correspondence address should be given in a footnote. AUTHORS
NAME should be in capital letters.
4 Paper may be outlined under main heading- ABSTRACT, INTRODUCTION, METHOLOGY,
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION if -any, -ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS,
REFERENCES etc should be in capitals.
5 Manuscript should be submitted in duplicate typed in 12 pt Times New Roman in double space
throught on A4 size paper with a minimum 3 cm left margin and Soft copy will be required at
thetime of submission of revised paper.
6 Abstract should not exceed 200 words. Key words upto six may be given beneath the abstract. 1
Where the methods are well known, citation of standard work would suffice.
8 The result may be supported by tables or graphics, wherever necessary. Self-explanatory tables
should be on separate sheets, with appropriate titles. While referring in texts, the first letter in Table
and Fig. should be capital with Fig. in short form.
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9 References should be cited chronologically in the text. All references in the text must be listed at
the end of the paper, with names of the author arranged alphabetically; all entries in the text must
correspond to references in the text.
10 The references should include the names of the authors, year, full title of the article, name of the
journal, volume number and pages. In case of book and monographs etc. the name of publishers,
place, and year with total number of pages should also be given. Journal title should be italic in
abbreviated form Example :
Journal Article:
Munikishor, S., Chandargi, D.M. and Hirevenkanagoudar, L. V. (2008).Development of Scale to
Measure the Attitude of Beneficiaries towards Sujala Watershed Project.Karnataka J. Agric. Sci.,
21(1): 144-145.
Whole book:
Federer, W.T. (1955). Experimental Desingns. The MacMillin Co., New York.
Book chapter:
Cochran, W.G. (1972). Sampling techniques.Wiley Eastern pvt.ltd., New Delhi. 87-107.
Report/Bulletin:
Anonymous (1996).Annual report.Department of Agricultural Statistics, B. A. College of Agriculture,
Anand Agricultural University, Anand.
11 Authors are requested to follow the international system of units for exact measurement of physical
quantities.
12 All Correspondence should be addressed to : Dr. N.V. Soni Managing Editor Gujarat Journal of
Extension Education Office of the Directorate of Extension Education Univeristy Bhavan, Anand
Agricultural University, Anand-388110
Check List
1 Manuscript is typed in double space throughout in 12 pt Times New Roman
2 Title is written in running letters only.
3 AUTHORS NAME is capitalized
4 Main heading (ABSTRACT, METHODOLOGY, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION,
REFERENCES etc are capitalized.
5 Sub-heading are left aligned.
6 Check all reference cited in the text are in the reference and vice-versa.\
7 Give journal name in abbreviated forms in italic in the references.
8 Book title and report name are given in full
9 Tables and Fig are on separate page and numbered in the order in which discussed in the text.
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Form for enrollment
Society of Extension Education, Anand (Gujarat)
Proposal of Membership
• Name in full (Block letter) :
• Address :
Phone/Email :
• Date of Birth :
• Profession and present employment :
• Academic qualification :
• Societies of which already member :
• Amount paid :
Fee: Life Member : ` 1000, Corporate/Institutional Member : ` 2000/- for 10 years, Patrons (Individual or Institutional):
` 5000/-
Declaration by the Nominee
I hereby declare that I shall abide by the Statutes and Regulations of the Society of Extension Education and offer
my cooperation in promoting its objectives.
Date:------------------------------- Signature----------------------------------------
I propose that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ be admitted as Life member of the Society of
Extension Education.
Signature :
Name in full :
Address :
Date :
I second the above proposal for admission of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ to the Society of Extension Educa-
tion.
Signature :
Name in full :
Address :
Date :
All remittances and correspondence relating to subscription, membership, advertisement etc. should be addressed to
Secretary-cum-Treasurer, Society of Extension Education, Office of Director of Extension Education, University Bhavan,
Anand Agricultural University, Anand - 388 110, Gujarat.
The Demand Draft should be issued in favour of ‘SOCIETY OF EXTENSION EDUCATION, ANAND, (GUJARAT)’
payable at Anand OR through money transfer to Central Bank of India A/c No. 1215785307, IFSC No. : CBIN0281262,
(Branch Code : 1262) at Institute of Agri. Campus, Anand Branch, Anand - 388 110
website : www.gjoee.org
email : [email protected]
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SEMINARS / INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ORGANISED BY
SOCIETY OF EXTENSION EDUCATION ANAND (GUJARAT)
Sr. Date Title Place
No.
1 20 May 1990 Seminar on “Future Challenges and Strategies Navsari
of Extension Education”
2 8 February 1992 Seminar on “Role of Rural Women in Anand
Development
3 23 October 1994 Seminar on “Role of Farm Literature in Sardarkrushinagar
Agricultural Development”
4 27 January 1996 Seminar on “Role of Co-operative Organization Navsari
in Rural Development”
5 30 April 1997 Seminar on “Challanges of Extension Anand
Education in 21st Century”
6 9 January 1998 Seminar on “Distance Extension Education in Junagadh
Electronic Era”
7 27 April 2001 Seminar on “Human Resource Development in Sardarkrushinagar
Agriculture”
8 27 February 2003 Seminar on “Transfer of Agricultural Navsari
Technology in 21st Century”
9 5-7 December 2003 International Conference on “Agricultural Anand
Policies and Strategies for Profitable Farming:
Field Realities, Needed Reforms and
Interventions”
10 25 February 2007 Seminar on “Extension Strategy for Navsari
Agricultural Development”
11 31 August 2009 Seminar on “Participatory Approach and Junagadh
Recent Trends in Rural Development”
12 18 August 2012 Seminar on “Innovative Avenues of Extension Sardarkrushinagar
Education
13 5 April 2014 National Seminar on “Dimensions of Anand
Extension Education in Holistic Development
of Farmers”
: Visit Our Website :
www.gjoee.org
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ANNOUNCEMENT
National Seminar on
Jointly Organised by Society of Extension Education, Gujarat &
Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat
on
February 5-7, 2015
“Magnitude of Extension Approaches in Agricultural Development”
BACKGROUND
Indian agriculture has established spectacular mile stone through multifarious and strategic approaches,
dissemination of agricultural technologies, support through the network of agricultural institutions and policy
interventions. By all norms, these approaches paid rich dividend to the agricultural sector in term of enhancement
in quantity and quality of agricultural products. Today, Indian agriculture is vibrant, buoyant and resilient due
to radical changes brought through a number of mission and client oriented specific programmes. The series
of reforms which later on assumed the status of revolution like Green, White, Yellow, Blue, and Rainbow. The
present scenario forced to set an Ever Green Revolution with sustained growth to counter the emerging national &
global challenges.
Agricultural technology, both generation & transfer, proved to be potential for countering the agriculture
problems of India. The Indian extension system is one which gives utmost importance to pragmatic approaches.
Based on the lessons learnt from our past extension strategies and in view of the emerging changes, the extension
approaches will have to be modernized. the sector to meet the broader challenges such as sustainability, natural
resource management, food and nutritional security, conservation of biodiversity and global competition for
maintaining the self reliance achieved in the decades passed. As per the report of National Agricultural Policy of
Govt. of India, the rapid growth in IT and the extended goal of extension services for marketing, credit, coldchains,
entrepreneurship and so on, requires to reshuffle the agricultural extension service system including the approaches
for transfer of technology. The Division of Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, New Delhi formulated a draft of
policy framework for agricultural extension reforms which states the issues like policy reforms, strengthening of
research-extension linkages, capacity building, empowering the farmers, main streaming of farm women, use of
media & IT and financial sustainability. Further, it signifies that a process leading to sustainable improvement in
the quality life of rural people, especially the poor is, mainly prop upped by the approaches. Therefore, this insisted
to organize this National Seminar with the themes stated.
THEMES OF THE SEMINAR
1 General extension approach
This approach assumes that the technology & knowledge are available for local people but not being used
by them. As a result, the government involves the NGOs & voluntary organizations. Success is measured in
the adoption rate of recommendations which increase the socio-economic condition of farmers.
2 Commodity specialized approach
The key characteristic of this approach is to function for increased production through extension, research,
input supply, marketing intelligence and prices under single command. Extension is fairly centralized and is
oriented towards one commodity or crop and the agent has many functions.
3 ToT approach
This is fairly centralized approach and based on a rigorously planning where the technology / recommendation
are transferred through different extension teaching methods to farmers, training to agents and subject
matter specialists. Close links are maintained between research and extension. Agents are only involved in
technology transfer. Success is related to increases in the production of particular crops or commodities.
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4. Participatory approach
This approach often focuses on the expressed needs of farmers’ groups with the goal to increase production
and uplifted rural life. Implementation is often decentralized and flexible. Success is measured by the number
of farmers actively participating and the sustainability of local extension organizations.
5 ICT approach
This approach focuses on subjective communication, distance education, rendering agriculture information,
inputs and services through cyber linkages.
6 Project approach
This approach ponders the efforts on a particular location, for a specific time period, often with scared
resources. Part of its purpose is often to demonstrate the techniques and methods that could be extended and
sustained after the project period. Short term changes are often a measure of success.
7 Farming systems approach
Systems or holistic approach at the local level is the distinguished characteristic of this type of approach.
Close ties with research are required and technology for local needs is developed through an iterative process
involving local people. Success is measured by the extent to which local people adopt and continue to use
technologies developed.
8 Cost-sharing approach
This approach assumes that the cost-sharing with farmers will promote the activities that is more likely to
meet local needs and where extension agents are more accountable to local interests. Their role is to give
advice and service to facilitate farmers’ development. Success is measured by the willingness to pay.
9 Institutional approach
This approach uses educational institutions which have technical knowledge and researches to support
extension services for rural people. Implementation & planning are often governed by the determinants of
formal education. The emphasis is often on the transfer of technical knowledge.
10 Market led extension approach
The approach focuses of the extension functionaries need to be extended after harvesting. The regime is
to reach the farmer on end to end basis, beginning from package of practices for production to selling of
produce at the consumers’ door so, farmers can get remunerative prices of their produces.
11 ITK approach
This approach focuses on the indigenous knowledge developed by the farmers through their ingenuity, which
are viable & sustainable for the solution of many agricultural & allied problems faced by them without
neglecting the nature and culture.
12 HRD/HRM approach
This approach focuses on development & management aspects of available human resources of organization
& in the field. The major elements are extension machinery & farmers. The end product is known as capacity
building which results in work efficiency of an individual.
: Contact :
Dr. R. D. Pandya
Organizing Secretary &
Professor & Head, Department of Extension Education
N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari: 396 450 (Gujarat)
Phone:[phone](1205) • Fax: [phone] • Mobile: [phone]
e mail: [email protected]
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From Chief Editor’s Desk......
Even though India is the highest or second highest producer of milk, vegetables, potato, meat,
spices etc, our contribution to global market is below one percent less than two percent of the green
produces undergo value addition process. Agricultural extension and Advisory Services currently face
several new and complex challenges.
The social ecology of Indian farming is consisted of 143 million hectare of land under agriculture,
distributed amongst 121 million holdings and the average size of holding is just 1.31 hectare. In addition
to it, this small holding is split into, on and average, 4.6 fragments that has invited extreme managerial
problems both at the farmers and policy makers level.
Social Media can play an important role in enhancing interactions and information flows among
different actors involved in agricultural innovation and also enhance capacities of agricultural extension
and advisory service providers which are primarily led by voluntary efforts of few individuals, groups
and professional networks.
Really it is gratify to note that publication of Gujarat Journal of Extension Education is being
brought out as a sincere commitment to the farmers’ community and the contributors of research papers.
The contributors are to be commended for bestowing their attention, which is time consuming, towards
contributing high quality research papers.
Indeed, we are extremely grateful to the contributors for their sincere dedication in contributing
to the journal. We do hope that the keen interest shall be sustained in making the journal grow from
strengthen to strengthen. We are sure that the journal shall be of significant help to all the readers. At the
same time, we request our readers to provide feedback for improvement of journal.
We would like to place on record my thanks to Dr. P. P. Patel, Director of Extension Education and
President of the Gujarat Society of Extension Education and all the members of the society for providing
us this opportunity. I appreciate the efforts of my colleagues and associate editors s/s Dr. N. V. Soni,
Dr. J.K. Patel, Dr. M. R. Bhatt, Dr. V. T. Patel, Dr. J. B. Patel and Dr. V. J. Savaliya for their extensive
efforts and available different sources finalized the articles. I would like to express my sincere thanks
to Dr. N. B. Chauhan, Dr. R. D. Pandya and Dr. P. R. Kanani for sharing their valuable experiences,
insights and knowledge to make our journal recognized.
We hope this publication will achieve its heights in disseminating information as well as evoking
a feedback from the scientists, extension workers and academicians interested in prosperity of farmers.
Your suggestions and comments are always welcome and we solicit the same.

(M.R.Prajapati)
Chief Editor
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Our reviewers
• Dr. J. P. Sharma, Pricipal Scientist, IARI, New Delhi
• Dr. Dipak De, Prof. & Head, BHU, Varansi
• Dr. K. L. Dangi, Prof. & Head, MPUAP, Udaipur
• Dr. S. B. Shinde, Prof. & Head, MPKV, Rahuri
• Dr. S. K. Kher, Prof. & Head, Sher-E Kashmir Uni. of Agri. Sci. & Tech., jammu
• Dr. Nalin Khare, Prof. & Head, JNKV, Jabalpur
• Dr. M. L. Sharma, Prof. & Head, IGKVV,Raipur
• Dr. S. S. Shisodiya, Prof., Ext. Edu., MPUAT, Udaipur
• Dr. K. A. Thakkar, DEE, SDAU, S.K. Nagar
• Dr. B. T. Patel, Ex. DEE, GAU, Ahmedabad
• Dr. A. O. Kher, Ex DEE, GAU, Junagadh
• Dr. M.C. Soni, Ex DEE, SDAU, S.K. Nagar
• Dr. R. B. Patel, Ex DEE, NAU, Navsari
• Dr. V. V. Mayani, Rtd. Ext. Educationist, AAU, Anand
• Dr. V. D. Joshi, Rtd. Prof., NAU, Navsari
• Dr. N.B. Chauhan, Prof. & Head, Ext. Edu. Dept., AAU, Anand
• Dr. P.R. Kanani, Prof. & Head, Ext. Edu. Dept., JAU, Junagadh
• Dr. R.D. Pandya, Prof. & Head, Ext. Edu. Dept., NAU, Navsari
• Dr. K. B. Kamaliya, Principal, Polytechnic in Food Sc. & Hom. Eco., AAU, Anand
• Dr. Y. R. Godasara, Librarian, AAU, Anand
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