Society at a Glance 2019 OECD Social Indicators PDF
Preview Society at a Glance 2019 OECD Social Indicators
Society at a Glance 2019 OECD SOCIAL INDICATORS A SPOTLIGHT ON LGBT PEOPLE S o c ie t y a t a G la n c e 2 0 1 9 O E C D S O C IA L IN D IC A T O R S Society at a Glance 2019 OECD SOCIAL INDICATORS ThisworkispublishedundertheresponsibilityoftheSecretary-GeneraloftheOECD.The opinionsexpressedandargumentsemployedhereindonotnecessarilyreflecttheofficial viewsofOECDmembercountries. Thisdocument,aswellasanydataandanymapincludedherein,arewithoutprejudiceto thestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiers andboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea. Pleasecitethispublicationas: OECD(2019),SocietyataGlance2019:OECDSocialIndicators,OECDPublishing,Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/soc_glance-2019-en ISBN978-92-64-31284-5(print) ISBN978-92-64-31285-2(pdf) SocietyataGlance ISSN1995-3984(print) ISSN1999-1290(online) ThestatisticaldataforIsraelaresuppliedbyandundertheresponsibilityoftherelevantIsraeliauthorities.Theuseof suchdatabytheOECDiswithoutprejudicetothestatusoftheGolanHeights,EastJerusalemandIsraelisettlementsin theWestBankunderthetermsofinternationallaw. Photocredits:©StéphaneCarcillo. CorrigendatoOECDpublicationsmaybefoundonlineat:www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm. ©OECD2019 Youcancopy,downloadorprintOECDcontentforyourownuse,andyoucanincludeexcerptsfromOECDpublications,databasesand multimediaproductsinyourowndocuments,presentations,blogs,websitesandteachingmaterials,providedthatsuitable acknowledgmentofthesourceandcopyrightownerisgiven.Allrequestsforpublicorcommercialuseandtranslationrightsshouldbe submittedtorights@oecd.org.Requestsforpermissiontophotocopyportionsofthismaterialforpublicorcommercialuseshallbe addresseddirectlytotheCopyrightClearanceCenter(CCC)[email protected]çaisd’exploitationdudroitdecopie (CFC)[email protected]. FOREWORD Foreword T hisisthenintheditionofSocietyataGlance,theOECD’sbiennialoverviewofsocialindicators. As with its predecessors, this report addresses the growing demand for quantitative evidence on social well-being and its trends across OECD countries. It updates some indicators included in the previous eight editions and introduces several new ones. Data on Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, CostaRica, China, India, Indonesia, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia and South Africa are includedseparatelywhereavailable. This edition of Society at a Glance puts the spotlight on lesbians, gay men, bisexuals and transgender (LGBT) individuals, as they still suffer from various forms of discrimination. Indeed, there is still a long way to go before LGBT people meet full-fledged acceptance in OECD countries. OnlyhalfofOECDcountrieshavelegalisedsame-sexmarriagethroughouttheirnationalterritory, and less than a third allow for a change of gender on official documents to match gender identity withoutforcingthetransgenderpersontoundergosterilisation,sex-reassignmentsurgery,hormonal therapyorapsychiatricdiagnosis.Stepsbackwardhavealsobeenwitnessed.Yet,discriminationis notonlyethicallyunacceptable,italsoentailssubstantialeconomicandsocialcosts.Theinclusionof sexualandgenderminoritiesshouldthereforebecomeatoppolicypriorityforOECDgovernments. Chapter1providesacomprehensiveoverviewofdataandevidenceonthesizeofsexualand gender minorities and their socio-economic situation. It also highlights best practices to create more inclusive environments for LGBT people. The rest of the report compares a wide range of social outcomes across countries. Chapter2 provides a guide to help readers understand the structure of OECD social indicators. Chapter3presents new indicators on people’s perceptions of socialrisksandgovernmenteffectiveness,whileChapters4to8thenconsidertheseindicatorsin more detail.Additional information on indicators can be found on the OECD web pages (http:// oe.cd/sag). ThisreportwaspreparedbyPaulineFron,MaximeLadaique,VeerleMiranda(projectleader), Marie-Anne Valfort (Chapter1) and Valerie Frey (Chapter3), with valuable contributions from James Brown, Chris Clarke, Carrie Exton (Statistics and Data Directorate), Rodrigo Fernandez, GaëlleFerrant (Development Centre), Elif Koksal-Oudot (Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation), Michael Förster, Gaétan Lafortune, Fabio Manca, Pascal Marianna, Marissa Plouin, SarahStrappsandCécileThoreaufromtheDirectorateforEmployment,LabourandSocialAffairs. MonikaQueisser,HeadoftheOECDSocialPolicyDivision,supervisedthereport. SOCIETYATAGLANCE2019:OECDSOCIALINDICATORS©OECD2019 3 TABLEOFCONTENTS Table of contents Acronymsandconventionalsigns............................................ 7 Executivesummary......................................................... 9 Chapter1.TheLGBTchallenge:Howtobetterincludesexualandgender minorities? ............................................................ 13 Introduction............................................................ 14 1.1.Howmanypeoplearelesbian,gay,bisexualandtransgender? ............. 15 1.2.HowdoLGBTpeoplefare? ............................................ 21 1.3.WhatpoliciescanimproveLGBTinclusion?............................. 38 Notes.................................................................. 46 References ............................................................. 46 Annex1.A.Datacollectiononsexualself-identificationandgenderidentity inOECDcountries....................................................... 51 Chapter2.InterpretingOECDSocialIndicators.................................. 57 2.1.ThepurposeofSocietyataGlance ...................................... 58 2.2.Theselectionanddescriptionofindicators.............................. 59 2.3.Whatcanbefoundinthispublication.................................. 62 Furtherreading......................................................... 63 Chapter3.Perceptionsofsocialrisksandgovernmenteffectiveness............... 65 Socialandeconomicriskperceptionsandconcerns.......................... 66 Perceptionsofgovernmenteffectivenessandfairness........................ 68 Preferencesforsocialpolicy .............................................. 70 Chapter4.Generalcontextindicators.......................................... 73 Householdincome ...................................................... 74 Fertility................................................................ 76 Migration .............................................................. 78 Family................................................................. 80 Demographictrends..................................................... 82 Chapter5.Self-Sufficiencyindicators .......................................... 85 Employment ........................................................... 86 Unemployment......................................................... 88 Skills.................................................................. 90 Educationspending ..................................................... 92 Expectedyearsinretirement ............................................. 94 Chapter6.Equityindicators .................................................. 97 Inequalities ............................................................ 98 SOCIETYATAGLANCE2019:OECDSOCIALINDICATORS©OECD2019 5 TABLEOFCONTENTS Poverty ................................................................ 100 Out-of-workbenefits .................................................... 102 Socialspending......................................................... 104 Affordablehousing...................................................... 106 Chapter7.HealthIndicators .................................................. 109 Lifeexpectancy......................................................... 110 Healthspending ........................................................ 112 HIV/AIDS .............................................................. 114 Suicide ................................................................ 116 Tobaccoandalcoholconsumption......................................... 118 Chapter8.SocialCohesionIndicators.......................................... 121 Lifesatisfaction......................................................... 122 Confidenceininstitutions................................................ 124 Violenceagainstwomen ................................................. 126 Voting................................................................. 128 Onlineactivities ........................................................ 130 Follow OECD Publications on: http://twitter.com/OECD_Pubs http://www.facebook.com/OECDPublications http://www.linkedin.com/groups/OECD-Publications-4645871 http://www.youtube.com/oecdilibrary OECD Alerts http://www.oecd.org/oecddirect/ This book has... StatLinks2 A service that delivers Excel ® files from the printed page! Look for the StatLinks2at the bottom of the tables or graphs in this book. To download the matching Excel® spreadsheet, just type the link into your Internet browser, starting with the http://dx.doi.org prefix, or click on the link from the e-book edition. 6 SOCIETYATAGLANCE2019:OECDSOCIALINDICATORS©OECD2019 ACRONYMSANDCONVENTIONALSIGNS Acronyms and conventional signs OECD country ISO codes Australia AUS Korea KOR Austria AUT Latvia LVA Belgium BEL Lithuania LTU Canada CAN Luxembourg LUX Chile CHL Mexico MEX CzechRepublic CZE Netherlands NLD Denmark DNK NewZealand NZL Estonia EST Norway NOR Finland FIN Poland POL France FRA Portugal PRT Germany DEU SlovakRepublic SVK Greece GRC Slovenia SVN Hungary HUN Spain ESP Iceland ISL Sweden SWE Ireland IRL Switzerland CHE Israel ISR Turkey TUR Italy ITA UnitedKingdom GBR Japan JPN UnitedStates USA Other major economy and G20 country ISO codes Argentina ARG Indonesia IDN China CHN RussianFederation RUS Colombia COL SaudiArabia SAU CostaRica CRI SouthAfrica ZAF India IND Conventional signs ..Notavailable Infigures,OECDreferstounweightedaveragesofOECDcountriesforwhichdataare available. ➘ ( ) in the legend relates to the variable for which countries are ranked from left to rightindecreasingorder. ➚ ( ) in the legend relates to the variable for which countries are ranked from left to rightinincreasingorder. SOCIETYATAGLANCE2019:OECDSOCIALINDICATORS©OECD2019 7
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