Social Work and Mental Illness PDF
Preview Social Work and Mental Illness
PRACTICAL SOCIAL WORK Series Editor: Jo Campling (BASW) Social work is at an important stage in its development. All professions must be responsive to changing social and econ omic conditions if they are to meet the needs of those they serve. This series focuses on sound practice and the specific contribution which social workers can make to the well- being of our society in the 1980s. The British Association of Social Workers has always been conscious of its role in setting guidelines for practice and in seeking to raise professional standards. The conception of the Practical Social Work series arose from a survey of BASW members to discover where they, the practitioners in social work, felt there was the most need for new literature. The response was overwhelming and enthusiastic, and the result is a carefully planned, coherent series of books. The emphasis is firmly on practice, set in a theoretical framework. The books will inform, stimulate and promote discussion, thus adding to the further development of skills and high profes sional standards. All the authors are practitioners and teachers of social work, representing a wide variety of experience. Jo CAMPLING PRACTICAL SOCIAL WORK Series Editor: Jo Campling (BASW) EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Terry Bamford, Malcolm Payne, Peter Riches, Sue Walrond-Skinner PUBLISHED Social Work and Mental Handicap David Anderson Social Work and Mental Illness Alan Butler and Colin Pritchard Residential Work Roger Clough Social Work with Old People Mary Marshall Social Work with Disabled People Michael Oliver Working in Teams Malcolm Payne Social Work with the Dying and Bereaved Carole R. Smith Community Work Alan Twelvetrees FORTHCOMING Working with Families Gill Gorrell-Bames Social Work with Ethnic Minorities Alun Jackson Applied Psychology for Social Workers Paula Nicolson and Rowan Bayne Adoption and Fostering Carole R. Smith Social Work with Juvenile Offenders David Thorpe, Norman Tutt, David Smith and Christopher Green Social Work and Mental Illness Alan Butler Colin Pritchard M © British Association of Social Workers 1983 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission. First published 1983 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London and Basingstoke Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-0-333-32705-0 ISBN 978-1-349-17192-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-17192-7 Typeset in Great Britain by CAMBRIAN TYPESETTERS Aldershot, Hants Contents Acknowledgements X Introduction 1 1 What is Meant by Mental Illness 6 Theorising about mental illness 8 Medical models of mental illness 14 Organic psychoses 16 Functional psychoses 18 Affective disorders 21 Mania 22 Neuroses 23 Personality disorders 26 Conclusion 27 2 The Impact of Mental Disorder 29 Unique manifestation 30 Form and content 30 The meaning of disorder 31 Attempts at normalisation 31 The impact of mental illness upon the individual 32 Impact upon the family 34 The family response to psychiatric illness 35 The recognition of client and family need 36 Socio-economic needs 36 Physical needs 39 The impact upon the social worker 40 vi Contents 3 An Integrated Model for Assessment and Intervention 42 An overview of the social work task 42 An integrated model of assessment and intervention 43 Assessment 43 Disruption of cognitive abilities 44 Disruption of psycho-social defences 44 Disruption of control of drives 46 Disruption of reality-testing ability 46 Disturbance of emotions 47 Disturbance of ability to synthesise and integrate experience 47 The social history 47 A model of psycho-social intervention 48 4 Research Foundations for the Integrated Approach 52 The psycho-neuroses 52 Social and psychological intervention with depressed people 56 Intervention with people with schizophrenia 58 Indirect intervention 59 Direct intervention 60 Programmes based on community care 63 Conclusion 64 5 Different Approaches to Work with Mentally Disordered People 66 Individual psychotherapy 67 Behavioural psychotherapy 70 Social skills 72 Family therapy 73 Group therapy 75 Existential therapies 76 Conclusion 77 6 Social Work and Schizophrenia: a Case Study 79 Introduction 79 Contents vii The referral 79 Initial con tact 79 The first home visit 80 The first interview with John 82 The school visit 82 Life in the hospital 83 Further home visits 84 Further sessions with John 85 Preparation for job-seeking 85 Into employment 86 Work 86 Future planning 88 The final home visit 88 Analysis 89 Conclusion 89 Theoretical note 90 7 Drugs and Physical Treatment 92 Drugs and the social worker 92 The dangers of addiction 92 Overdoses 93 Side-effects 93 The social work relationship 93 Employment 93 Medication and social work goals 94 Psychological impact 94 Drugs 94 Anti-psychotic or major tranquillisers 96 Anti-depressants 98 Lithium 100 Hypnotics 100 Minor tranquillisers 101 Electro-convulsive therapy 101 Psycho-surgery 103 Conclusion 104 8 Psychiatric Emergencies lOS Severe depression 108 viii Contents Hypomania 108 Schizophrenic disorders 109 Anxiety states 109 Alcohol and drug withdrawal 110 Hysteria 110 Violence and mental illness 111 Crisis theory and intervention 113 9 Social Work and Suicide 116 Introduction 116 Suicide and the social worker 117 Suicide and suicidal behaviour in the community 118 The identification of risk 120 Intervention with those who attempt suicide 121 Case example of an elderly person with suicidal behaviour 126 Social work and the bereaved 128 Conclusion 129 10 The Mental Health Act Legislation 131 The framework of legislation 00 The Mental Health Act 133 Applications for admission or guardianship 134 Section 25 (2 under 1983 Act) 135 Section 26 (3 under 1983 Act) 135 Section 29 ( 4 under 1983 Act) 136 Section 30 (5 under 1983 Act) 137 Section 33 (7 under 1983 Act) 137 Section 60 (3 7 under 1983 Act) 137 Section 65 (41 under 1983 Act) 138 Sections 72 and 73 ( 4 7 and 48 under 1983 Act) 138 Section 135 138 Social Reports (Section 14 under 1983 Act) 139 Section 136 139 Consent to treatment 139 The Mental Health Act Commission 140 The Mental Health Review Tribunal 140 The role of the social worker 141 Conclusion 142 Contents ix Conclusion 143 The changing role of social work with mentally ill people 143 Appendices 147 I A Proposed Social History Outline to Provide Basic Information 149 II Drugs 151 III Some Useful Addresses 153 Further Reading 154 Bibliography 156 Index 162
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