Social Welfare Policies and Programmes in South Asia

345 Pages·2019·2.354 MB·English

by  Channaveer R. M. (editor), Rajendra Baikady (editor), Haruhiko Sakaguchi (editor), Cheng Sheng-Li (editor)

Social Welfare Policies and
Programmes in South Asia
This book examines the social welfare policies and programmes devised
to address different societal issues and concerns across the South Asian
countries. It focuses on the design and delivery of social welfare policies
related to women, children, the elderly and groups living below poverty level.
It brings a wide array of themes to the fore – empowerment of vulnerable
populations, globalization and inclusive development, intervention in
Northeast India, employment of elderly teachers in Sri Lanka, regulations in
prisons, ageing South Asia and elderly care, social exclusion and urban poor,
girl child education in India, child protection in Bangladesh and women
panchayat leaders – to provide an evidence-based understanding of social
policy formulation, implementation and monitoring in South Asia.
Comprehensive and topical, this volume will be useful to scholars and
researchers of political studies, sociology, development studies and public
policy and also to practitioners and those in the development sector, NGOs
and think tanks.
Channaveer R. M. is a professor and head of the Department of Social Work,
Central University of Karnataka, India.
Rajendra Baikady is a post-doctoral researcher and Confucius Institute
Understanding China Fellow at the Department of Social Work, Shandong
University, People’s Republic of China.
Haruhiko Sakaguchi is a professor of the Department of Social Welfare,
Ryukoku University Junior College, Japan.
Cheng Sheng-Li is a professor of the Department of Social Work, School of
Philosophy and Social Development, Shandong University, People’s Republic
of China.

Social Welfare Policies and
Programmes in South Asia
Edited by Channaveer R. M.,
Rajendra Baikady, Haruhiko
Sakaguchi and Cheng Sheng-Li
First published 2020
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2020 selection and editorial matter, Channaveer R.M., Rajendra
Baikady, Haruhiko Sakaguchi and Cheng Sheng-Li; individual chapters,
the contributors
The right of Channaveer R.M., Rajendra Baikady, Haruhiko Sakaguchi
and Cheng Sheng-Li to be identifi ed as the authors of the editorial
material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been
asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Channaveer R. M., editor.
Title: Social welfare policies and programmes in South Asia / edited by
Channaveer R.M. [and three others].
Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifi ers: LCCN 2019019688 (print) | LCCN 2019981670 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781138367425 (hardback) | ISBN 9780429323041 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: South Asia—Social policy. | South Asia—Social conditions. |
Public welfare—South Asia.
Classifi cation: LCC HN670.3.A8 S624 2020 (print) | LCC HN670.3.A8
(ebook) | DDC 306.0954—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019019688
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019981670
ISBN: 978-1-138-36742-5 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-32304-1 (ebk)
Typeset in Sabon
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
Contents
List of fi gures viii
List of tables ix
Notes on contributors xi
Foreword xix
MANOHAR PAWAR
Acknowledgements xxii
Introduction: the policies and programmes for social welfare:
a South Asian perspective 1
RAJENDRA BAIKADY, HARUHIKO SAKAGUCHI,
CHENG SHENG-LI AND CHANNAVEER R. M.
PART I
The demography of vulnerability and social welfare in
South Asia: a paradigm shift 15
RAJENDRA BAIKADY, HARUHIKO SAKAGUCHI,
CHENG SHENG-LI AND CHANNAVEER R. M.
1 Ashadeep – a holistic intervention with homeless mentally ill
persons in Northeast India: considering disability policy and
creating a path for social work education 25
VICTOR NARZARY, RIJU SHARMA, BIBHARANI SWARGIARY
AND ALICE K. BUTTERFIELD
2 Does age matter in recruitment? Employment of elderly
teachers in Sri Lanka 44
L. A. PAVITHRA MADHUWANTHI
vi Contents
3 A qualitative study on the prison policy system among
the acquitted/bailed prisoners and retired staff in the
Tamil Nadu state of South India 60
GHOUSE BASHA A. M.
4 Ageing South Asia and elderly care: policy versus practice
with special reference to India 85
SHACHEE AGNIHOTRI
5 Women Panchayat leaders: voices from Assam, India 105
DEEPSHIKHA CARPENTER
6 Empowerment and rehabilitation of devadasi:
an evaluation 117
SUDESHNA MUKHERJEE AND PRIYANKA DWIVEDI
7 Exploring the issues and challenges among (inter-state)
migrant workers and government offi cials: a study of
Kochi, Kerala 132
ANSARI P.A.
PART II
Poverty and marginalization in South Asian society 147
RAJENDRA BAIKADY, HARUHIKO SAKAGUCHI,
CHENG SHENG-LI AND CHANNAVEER R. M.
8 Urban poverty: situating NGOs in social inclusion of
urban poor 157
VIKRAM SINGH
9 Gender differences in elderly poverty: evidence from the
Household Income Expenditure Survey 173
SAIDATULAKMAL MOHD, ABDELHAK SENADJKI AND
NORMA MANSOR
10 Poverty reduction efforts in Siyambalanduwa divisional
secretariat in Monaragala district in Sri Lanka: problems
and prospects 195
R. LALITHA S. FERNANDO AND H. O. C. GUNASEKARA
Contents vii
PART III
Post-globalization development and welfare challenges
in South Asian society 215
RAJENDRA BAIKADY, HARUHIKO SAKAGUCHI,
CHENG SHENG-LI AND CHANNAVEER R. M.
11 Globalization and its impact on social welfare:
critical perspectives with special reference to India 225
SUJIT LAHIRY
12 Social welfare initiatives in the education sector:
securing girl child education in India 238
BHARTI CHHIBBER
13 Victim of the system: a study on crime committed by
children and child victims with special reference to the
Ranchi district of Jharkhand, India 252
ARANYA RIBHU, KOUSTAB MAJUMDAR AND DIPANKAR
CHATTERJEE
14 Massifi cation of higher education and diminishing
discrimination: the role of teaching and learning in the
universities and colleges 268
SAYANTAN MANDAL
15 Child protection in law and in practice: a critical review
from a Bangladesh perspective 281
MD. MOSTAFIJUR RAHMAN
Conclusion: Inequality and social exclusion in diverse
contexts: issues, challenges, and concerns 301
RAJENDRA BAIKADY, HARUHIKO SAKAGUCHI,
CHENG SHENG-LI AND CHANNAVEER R. M.
Index 314
Figures
3.1 A letter written by a president of a prison to their doctor 64
4.1 Comparative analysis of ageing situation in Europe,
North America, Australia, East Asia and eight countries
of South Asia, 1950–2050 (in per cent) 88
4.2 Share of elderly population in South Asia by country,
2000–2100 89
4.3 India: population pyramid, 1950–2100 91
4.4 India: population distribution projection by age group,
2000–2100 92
4.5 Ageing India: projected share of old and oldest-old in total
population, 2000–2100 93
7.1 Profi le of internal migrant workers 137
7.2 Challenges (in approaching government offi cials) 138
7.3 Registration of migrants 138
7.4 Challenges in ensuring rights of migrants 139
7.5 Exploitation of migrants 140
7.6 Suggestions (to overcome the barriers of migrant workers) 141
8.1 Institution, access and exclusion 161
8.2 Well-being index 162
9.1 Malaysia population pyramid, 2000 and 2010 174
9.2 Malaysia population pyramid by sex, 2010 and 2040 175
10.1 Theoretical framework explaining factors affecting poverty 204
10.2 Debt trap 206
Tables
1.1 Historical development of disability policy in India 27
1.2 Educational institutions offering programmes on disability 30
1.3 Overview of the growth of Ashadeep and its programmes 35
2.1 Summary of the interviewed schools and the interviewees 52
2.2 Age limit included in advertisements 53
3.1 Comparison of the prison population of countries 62
3.2 List of prison respondents and their brief information 67
3.3 List of prison staff respondents and their brief information 69
4.1 Selected demographic profi le of South Asia, 2000–2100 86
5.1 Distribution of the representatives and chairperson 107
6.1 The district-wise details of Devadasi as per surveys
conducted in 1993–94 and 2007–08 by WCD Karnataka 122
6.2 Sample size of the benefi ciaries of three schemes in sampled
districts 123
6.3 Possibility of transfer of family-owned land in the name
of respondent 125
6.4 (Tentative) List of houses either collapsed or in
near-collapse condition 125
6.5 Duration for receiving loan amount to start construction
under housing benefi t scheme 126
6.6 Status of the house construction under Women
Development Corporation (DRS) 127
6.7 Duration for the house to be completely constructed after
receiving loan 127
6.8 Availability of toilets in the constructed houses 128
6.9 Electrifi cation of the completed houses by district 128
6.10 Water supply for the completed houses 128
6.11 Sources from where extra amount was received during
over-expenditure 129
6.12 Problems encountered while availing housing benefi t 129
6.13 Suggestions for improving the housing benefi t under DRP 130
8.1 Functioning areas of NGOs in reducing poverty 167
8.2 Approaches adopted by NGOs 168