Table Of Content

Social Virtue Epistemology This collection of 19 chapters, all appearing in print here for the frst time and written by an international team of established and emerging scholars, explores the place of intellectual virtues and vices in a social world. Relevant virtues include open-mindedness, curiosity, intellectual courage, diligence in inquiry, and the like. Relevant vices include dogma- tism, need for immediate certainty, and gullibility and the like. The chapters are divided into four key sections: Foundational Issues; Individual Virtues; Collective Virtues; and Methods and Measurements. And the chapters explore the most salient questions in these areas of research, including: How are individual intellectual virtues and vices affected by their social contexts? Does being in touch with other open- minded people make us more open-minded? Conversely, does connection to other dogmatic people make us more dogmatic? Can groups possess virtues and vices distinct from those of their members? For instance, could a group of dogmatic individuals operate in an open-minded way despite the vices of its members? Each chapter receives commentary from two other authors in the vol- ume, and each original author then replies to these commentaries. To- gether, the authors form part of a collective conversation about how we can know about what we know. In so doing, they not only theorize but enact social virtue epistemology. Mark Alfano is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Macquarie Univer- sity. In 2019, he published Nietzsche’s Moral Psychology (Cambridge UP). His papers have won awards from the Philosopher’s Annual (2018) and Peritia (2019). Colin Klein is Professor of Philosophy at the Australian National Uni- versity. He is the author of What the Body Commands: The Imperative Theory of Pain (MIT Press, 2015). Jeroen de Ridder is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Vrije Universi- teit Amsterdam and Professor by special appointment of Christian Phi- losophy at the University of Groningen. His research is in social and political epistemology, and in 2021 he co-edited The Routledge Hand- book of Political Epistemology. Social Virtue Epistemology Edited by Mark Alfano, Colin Klein, and Jeroen de Ridder First published 2022 by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 and by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2022 Taylor & Francis The right of Mark Alfano, Colin Klein, and Jeroen de Ridder to be identifed as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifcation and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this title has been requested ISBN: 978-0-367-40764-3 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-29120-8 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-80895-2 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9780367808952 Typeset in Sabon by codeMantra Contents List of Figures xi List of Tables xiii Notes on Contributors xv Acknowledgements xvii Introduction: A Research Program for Social Virtue Epistemology 1 MARK ALFANO, COLIN KLEIN, AND JEROEN DE RIDDER PART I Foundational Issues 13 1 Interactionism, Debiasing, and the Division of Epistemic Labour 15 STEVEN BLAND 1b Commentary from Neil Levy 39 1c Commentary from Michel Croce and Duncan Pritchard 42 1d Steven Bland’s Response to Commentaries 45 2 Attunement: On the Cognitive Virtues of Attention 48 GEORGI GARDINER 2b Commentary from J. Adam Carter 73 2c Commentary from S. Goldberg 77 2d Georgi Gardiner’s Response to Commentaries 80 vi Contents 3 From Vice Epistemology to Critical Character Epistemology 84 IAN JAMES KIDD 3b Commentary from Heather Battaly 103 3c Commentary from Georgi Gardiner 106 3d Ian James Kidd’s Response to Commentaries 110 4 Narrowing the Scope of Virtue Epistemology 113 NEIL LEVY 4b Commentary from Steven Bland 131 4c Commentary from Quassim Cassam 134 4d Neil Levy’s Response to Commentaries 137 5 Mindshaping and Intellectual Virtues 140 ALESSANDRA TANESINI 5b Commentary from Ian James Kidd 161 5c Commentary from Thi Nguyen 165 5d Alessandra Tanesini’s Response to Commentaries 167 PART II Individual Virtues and Vices 171 6 The Vices and Virtues of Extremism 173 QUASSIM CASSAM 6b Commentary from Barend de Rooij & Boudewijn de Bruin 192 6c Commentary from Marco Meyer 195 6d Quassim Cassam’s Response to Commentaries 198 Contents vii 7 Expectations of Expertise: Boot-Strapping in Social Epistemology 201 SANFORD C. GOLDBERG 7b Commentary from Heidi Grasswick 223 7c Commentary from Erik J. Olsson 227 7d Sanford C. Goldberg’s Response to Commentaries 232 8 Fake News, Conspiracy Theorizing, and Intellectual Vice 236 MARCO MEYER AND MARK ALFANO 8b Commentary from Quassim Cassam 260 8c Commentary from Colin Klein 263 8d Marco Meyer and Mark Alfano’s Response to Commentaries 266 9 Playfulness versus Epistemic Traps 269 C. THI NGUYEN 9b Commentary from Ian James Kidd 291 9c Commentary from Lani Watson 294 9d C. Thi Nguyen’s Response to Commentaries 298 PART III Collective Virtues and Vices 301 10 Solidarity: Virtue or Vice? 303 HEATHER BATTALY 10b Commentary from T. Ryan Byerly 325 10c Commentary from Duncan Pritchard 329 10d Heather Battaly’s Response to Commentaries 332 viii Contents 11 Collective (Telic) Virtue Epistemology 335 J. ADAM CARTER 11b Commentary from Jeroen de Ridder 357 11c Commentary from S. Kate Devitt 360 11d J. Adam Carter’s Response to Commentaries 363 12 Three Models for Collective Intellectual Virtues 367 JEROEN DE RIDDER 12b Commentary from S. Kate Devitt 386 12c Commentary from Heidi Grasswick 389 12d Jeroen de Ridder’s Response to Commentaries 393 13 Real-Life Collective Epistemic Virtue and Vice 396 BAREND DE ROOIJ AND BOUDEWIJN DE BRUIN 13b Commentary from Steven Bland 415 13c Commentary from Neil levy 418 13d Barend de Rooij and Boudewijn de Bruin’s Response to Commentaries 421 14 The Social Virtue of Questioning: A Genealogical Account 424 LANI WATSON 14b Commentary from J. Adam Carter 442 14c Commentary from S. Goldberg 445 14d Lani Watson’s Response to Commentaries 448 Contents ix PART IV Methods and Measurements 451 15 An Interdisciplinary Methodology for Studying Collective Intellectual Characte r Traits 453 T. RYAN BYERLY 15b Commentary from Heather Battaly 470 15c Commentary from Marco Meyer 473 15d T. Ryan Byerly’s Response to Commentaries 477 16 A Bayesian Social Platform for Inclusive and Evidence- Based Decision Making 480 S. KATE DEVITT, TAMARA R. PEARCE, ALOK KUMAR CHOWDHURY AND KERRIE MENGERSEN 16b Commentary from Jeroen de Ridder 514 16c Commentary from Erik J. Olsson 517 16d S. Kate Devitt, Kerrie Mengersen, Tamara R. Pearce and Alok Kumar Chowdhury’s Response to Commentaries 520 17 Measuring Social Epistemic Virtues: A Field Guide 523 MARCO MEYER 17b Commentary from T. Ryan Byerly 543 17c Commentary from Alessandra Tanesini 546 17d Marco Meyer’s Response to Commentaries 550 18 Learning from Ranters: The Effect of Information Resistance on the Epistemic Quality of Social Network Deliberation 553 MICHAEL MORREAU AND ERIK J. OLSSON