Social traps and the problem of trust PDF
Preview Social traps and the problem of trust
This page intentionally left blank social traps and the problem of trust A‘socialtrap’isasituationwhereindividuals,groupsororganisationsareunableto cooperateowingtomutualdistrustandlackofsocialcapital,evenwherecooperation wouldbenefitall.Examplesincludecivilstrife,pervasivecorruption,ethnicdiscrimina- tion,depletionofnaturalresourcesandmisuseofsocialinsurancesystems.Peoplewill cooperateonlyiftheycantrustthatotherswillalsocooperate.Muchhasbeenwritten attemptingtoexplaintheproblem,butratherlessmaterialisavailableonhowtoescape it.Inthisbook,BoRothsteinexploreshowsocialcapitalandsocialtrustaregenerated, andwhatgovernmentscandoaboutit.Hearguesthatitistheexistenceofuniversal andimpartialpoliticalinstitutions,togetherwithpublicpolicieswhichenhancesocial andeconomicequality,thatcreatessocialcapital.Byintroducingthetheoryofcollective memoryintothediscussion,Rothsteinmakesanempiricalandtheoreticalclaimforhow universalinstitutionscanbeestablished. bo rothsteinistheAugustRo¨hssChairinPoliticalScienceatGo¨teborgUniversityin Sweden.AmonghispublicationsinEnglishareTheSocialDemocraticState:TheSwedish ModelandTheBureaucraticProblemsofSocialReforms(Pittsburgh,1996);JustInstitutions Matter:TheMoralandPoliticalLogicoftheUniversalWelfareState(Cambridge,1998); Restructuring the Welfare State (co-edited with Sven Steinmo, New York, 2002); and CreatingSocialTrustinPost-SocialistSocieties(co-editedwithJanosKornaiandSusan Rose-Ackerman,NewYork,2004). theoriesofinstitutionaldesign SeriesEditor RobertE.Goodin ResearchSchoolofSocialSciences AustralianNationalUniversity AdvisoryEditors BrianBarry,RussellHardin,CarolePateman,BarryWeingast StephenElkin,ClausOffe,SusanRose-Ackerman Socialscientistshaverediscoveredinstitutions.Theyhavebeenincreasinglyconcerned with the myriad ways in which social and political institutions shape the patterns of individualinteractionswhichproducesocialphenomena.Theyareequallyconcerned withthewaysinwhichthoseinstitutionsemergefromsuchinteractions. Thisseriesisdevotedtotheexplorationofthemorenormativeaspectsoftheseissues. Whatmakesonesetofinstitutionsbetterthananother?How,ifatall,mightwemove fromthelessdesirablesetofinstitutionstoamoredesirableset?Alongsidethequestions ofwhatinstitutionswewoulddesign,ifweweredesigningthemafresh,arepragmatic questionsofhowwecanbestgetfromheretothere:fromourpresentinstitutionsto newrevitalizedones. Theoriesofinstitutionaldesignisinsistentlymultidisciplinaryandinterdisciplinary, bothintheinstitutionsonwhichitfocuses,andinthemethodologiesusedtostudy them.Thereareinterestingsociologicalquestionstobeaskedaboutlegalinstitutions, interestinglegalquestionstobeaskedabouteconomicinstitutions,andinterestingsocial, economic,andlegalquestionstobeaskedaboutpoliticalinstitutions.Byjuxtaposing theseapproachesinprint,thisseriesaimstoenrichnormativediscoursesurrounding importantissuesofdesigningandredesigning,shapingandreshapingthesocial,political, andeconomicinstitutionsofcontemporarysociety. Otherbooksinthisseries RobertE.Goodin(editor),TheTheoryofInstitutionalDesign BrentFisseandJohnBraithwaite,Corporations,Crime,andAccountability ItaiSened,ThePoliticalInstitutionofPrivateProperty BoRothstein,JustInstitutionsMatter Jon Elster, Claus Offe, and Ulrich Preuss, Institutional Design in Post-Communist Societies:RebuildingtheShipatSea MarkBovens,TheQuestforResponsibility GeoffreyBrennanandAlanHamlin,DemocraticDevicesandDesires AdrienneHeritier,Policy-MakingandDiversityinEurope:EscapefromDeadlock EricPatashnik,PuttingTrustintheUSBudget:FederalTrustFundsandthePoliticsof Commitment Benjamin Reilly, Democracy in Divided Societies: Electoral Engineering for Conflict Management HuibPellikaanandRobertvanderVeen,EnvironmentalDilemmasandPolicyDesign JohnS.DryzekandLesueHolmes,Post-CommunistDemocratization:PoliticalDis- coursesacrossThirteenCountries JonathanG.S.Koppell,ThePoliticsofQuasi-Government:HybridOrganizationsand theDynamicsofBureaucraticControl Ju¨rgSteiner,Andre´Ba¨chtiger,MarkusSpo¨rndli,andMarcusR.Steenbergen,Delib- erativePoliticsinAction:AnalyzingParliamentaryDiscourse SOCIAL TRAPS AND THE PROBLEM OF TRUST BOROTHSTEIN cambridge university press Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore,SãoPaulo Cambridge University Press TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb22ru,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Informationo nthi stitle :www.cambri dge.org/9780521848299 ©BoRothstein2005 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandtotheprovisionof relevantcollectivelicensingagreements,noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplace withoutthewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublishedinprintformat 2005 isbn-13 978-0-511-12937-7 eBook(EBL) isbn-10 0-511-12937-8 eBook(EBL) isbn-13 978-0-521-84829-9 hardback isbn-10 0-521-84829-6 hardback isbn-13 978-0-521-61282-1 paperback isbn-10 0-521-61282-9 paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyofurls forexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication,anddoesnot guaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. ToAnnChristin Contents Listoftablesandfigures page viii Acknowledgements ix 1Reflections after a long day in Moscow 1 2 Ontherationalchoiceofculture 28 3 Onthetheoryandpracticeofsocialcapital 43 4 Socialcapitalinthesocialdemocraticwelfarestate 71 5 Howissocialcapitalproduced? 92 6 Theproblemofinstitutionalcredibility 129 7 Trustandcollectivememories 148 8 Thetransitionfrommistrusttotrust 167 9 Theconditionsoftrustandthecapacityfordialog 201 Bibliography 212 Index 236 vii Tables and figures Tables 5.1 TrustinsocialinstitutionsinSweden,2000 page110 5.2 Correlationsbetweensocialtrustandtrustinsocial institutions,1996–1999 111 5.3 TrustinothersaccordingtoWVS1995–1997(worldand Sweden) 113 5.4 Multivariateanalysisofinterpersonaltrust 114 5.5 Factoranalysisofdimensionsininstitutionaltrust 115 5.6 Correlationsbetweensocialtrustandtrustinsocial institutions 116 Figures 3.1 Numberofpublishedscholarlypapersonsocialcapital, 1991–2003 44 4.1 Interestinworkinginvoluntaryorganizations,1955and1994 75 4.2 Opinionsabouttrustinotherpeople,1981–1997 89 4.3 InterpersonaltrustinSweden,1996–2002 90 5.1 Universalandselectivebenefitsandgeneralizedtrust,2000 125 viii
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