SOCIAL SCIENCES IN PAKISTAN: AN EVALUATION - Council Of

330 Pages·2006·1.71 MB·English

The State of Social Sciences
in Pakistan

Editor
S. H. Hashmi
The State of Social Sciences
in Pakistan

Editor
S. H. Hashmi

Council of Social Sciences, Pakistan (COSS)
Islamabad
2001
Any part of this book may be reproduced in any manner for
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Sciences, Pakistan (COSS) is necessary for reproducing the book
or any part of it for commercial purposes.

Copyright: Council of Social Sciences, Pakistan (COSS), 2001

Council of Social Sciences, Pakistan (COSS),
Website www.coss.sdnpk.org
Email address: [email protected]
# 307, Dossal Arcade, Jinnah Avenue, Blue Area, Islamabad

First published in 1989 by Quaid-i-Azam University,
Islamabad

Printed at

Allama Iqbal Open University Press,
Sector H-9, Islamabad
Preface to reprinted edition

Council of Social Sciences, Pakistan (COSS) is reprinting the book
The State of Social Sciences in Pakistan, edited by Dr. S. H. Hashmi and
published by Quaid-i-University, Islamabad in 1989 to make it available to a
larger number of social scientists. The book consists of 19 articles, 13 of them
analyse major social science disciplines. The book is first comprehensive
evaluation of social sciences in Pakistan. It retains its relevance and utility even
after eleven years of its publication.

COSS is grateful to:

• Islamabad office of UNESCO for providing funds to process the book for
reprinting and meeting the cost of paper needed for this purpose.

• Vice Chancellor, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad to allow its
printing free of cost.

• Vice Chancellor Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad and Prof. S. H.
Hashmi, editor of the book, for granting permission to reprint it.

December 19, 2000
Council of Social Sciences, Pakistan (COSS)
Islamabad
Preface

In Pakistan, Social Sciences have remained grossly under- developed
and the number of social scientists miserably low and declining. Social
Sciences, on the whole, have been badly ignored by the universities and public
policy makers, although social sciences can and do play an important role in the
socio-economic development of the country: in economic development, rural
development, the solution of urban problems, improvement of the efficiency
and effectiveness of organisations in the public and private sectors, control of
the alarming rate of population growth, and in several other areas. By ignoring
social sciences, our development planners and educational policy makers have
created a situation which has adversely affected our socio-economic
development.

To discuss the state of social sciences and the causational factors of
their under-development in Pakistan, the Quaid-i-Azam University, and the
Centre for the Study of Central Asian Civilisations and the University Grants
Commission organised a Conference from 24th May to 26th May, 1988 in
Islamabad. This was the first conference of its kind and was attended by a large
number of social scientists from all over the country. Papers were presented on
general aspects of social sciences as well as on individual disciplines. The
specific objectives of the Conference were to:

i) identify characteristics, trends and problems in social sciences in
Pakistan;

ii) interpret the causes of development, under-development and mal-
development of social sciences in Pakistan;

iii) make recommendations about the advancement of social sciences in
Pakistan and their utilisation in the socio-economic development of the
country.

At the end of the conference the following major recommendations were made:

1. The Government of Pakistan was requested to establish a Pakistan Social
Sciences Research Council, the objectives of which would be to promote
and finance research in social sciences, organise conferences and seminars,
and promote the cause of social sciences in Pakistan.

2. The Conference noted the alarmingly low number of social scientists in the
country and strongly recommended to the Government of Pakistan that a
large number of scholarships should be made available for higher studies in
social sciences abroad.

3. A social science conference should be organised annually.

4. A conscious effort should be made to invite scholars from the smaller
provinces and teachers and researchers from the less developed universities
of the country to the conference.

5. An effort should be made to revitalise associations of individual social
science disciplines and encourage them to organise annual conferences.

6. The Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences being published by Quaid-i-Azam
University should be given necessary encouragement and support by the
social scientists so that it could become a national journal.

7. Efforts should be made to initiate social science forums in all universities in
which teachers from various disciplines could present their papers and
promote greater inter-disciplinary awareness and coordination.

8. All universities should create research funds which should be provided to
teachers to carry out research work.

9. Students at the post-graduate level in all universities should be required to
take a certain number of courses in related disciplines so as to acquire a
better understanding of the inter-disciplinary emphasis in the present day
social sciences.

10. The syllabi and curricula of social science subjects should be updated and
modernised.

This volume contains the papers presented at the conference. I hope it will
be a useful addition to the limited literature presently available on social
sciences in Pakistan and will be a pioneering effort for further studies in social
sciences in general as well as studies in specific disciplines.

For the preparation of the papers, a general guideline and a bibliography
were prepared and some useful background material was collected by Dr.
Inayatullah and circulated among the writers for which I am grateful. I should
also thank Dr. Z. A. Ansari, Director National Institute of Psychology, and Mr.
Sabir for their help in the printing of the book.

April 1989 S. H. Hashmi
Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences
Quaid-i-Azam University,
Islamabad
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Ch. 1: SOCIAL SCIENCES IN PAKISTAN: AN EVALUATION
Inayatullah………………………………………………………………………1
Ch. 2: UNDERDEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES IN PAKISTAN
Mohammad Waseem…………………………………………………………..69
Ch. 3: SOME METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN ISLAMISATION OF
SOCIAL SCIENCESf
Anis Ahmad…………………………………………………………………...89
Ch. 4: DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY IN PAKISTAN
Z. A. Ansari …………………………………………………………………...97
Ch. 5: WHITHER HISTORY? THE STATE OF THE DISCIPLINE IN
PAKISTAN
M. Naeem Qureshi ………………………….………………………………109
Ch. 6: POLITICAL SCIENCE: PROBLEMS, PROSPECTS AND SCOPE IN
PAKISTAN
Saeed Shafqat ………………………………………………………………..129
Ch. 7: DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGY AS A DISCIPLINE IN
PAKISTAN
Sabeeha Hafeez ………………………………………………………………139
Ch. 8: DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICS AS A DISCIPLINE IN
PAKISTAN
Karamat Ali ………………………………………………………………….149
Ch. 9: THE STATE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN PAKISTAN
A. R. Jafri …………………………………………………………………….163
Ch. 10: THE STATE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN PAKISTAN
Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema and Rasul Bux Rais ………………………………….177
Ch. 11: THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEFENCE AND STRATEGIC STUDIES
AS A SOCIAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINE IN PAKISTAN
Shireen M. Mazari and Ayaz Naseem………………………………………..183
Ch. 12: EDUCATION AS A SYSTEM AND DISCIPLINE IN PAKISTAN
Sarfraz Khawaja …………………………………………………………….193
Ch. 13: ROLE OF ADMINISTRATIVE TRAINING INSTITUTIONS IN
SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH IN PAKISTAN
Anwar H. Siddiqui …………………………………………………………..209
Ch. 14: SOCIAL SCIENCES: THE SUPPRESSED AGENT OF CHANGE
M.A. Hussain Mullick ……………………………………………………….223
Ch. 15: ROLE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES IN UNDERSTANDING FOREIGN
AFFAIRS AND FORMULATION OF FOREIGN POLICY
Latif Ahmed Sherwani ……………………………………………………… 231
Ch. 16: PAKISTAN STUDIES: STATE OF THE DISCIPLINE IN
PAKISTAN
Saeeduddin Ahmad Dar and Sarfraz Hussain Ansari ………………………..247
Ch. 17: AMERICAN STUDIES PROGRAMME: A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY
EFFORT IN PAKISTAN
Iftikhar H. Malik …………………………………………………………… 275
Ch. 18: AFRICAN STUDIES IN PAKISTAN
Rukhsana A. Siddiqui ……………………………………………………… 287
Ch. 19: SOCIAL SCIENCES AND THE PLANNING DISCIPLINE IN
PAKISTAN - A CALL FOR HELP
Muzaffar Mahmood Qurashi ………………………………………………...295
CONTRIBUTORS……………………………………………………………311
INDEX……………………………………………………………………… 313