Social Regulation: Case Studies from Tibetan History PDF
Preview Social Regulation: Case Studies from Tibetan History
Social Regulation: Case Studies from Tibetan History Brill’s Tibetan Studies Library Edited by Henk Blezer Alex McKay Charles Ramble volume 41 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/btsl Social Regulation: Case Studies from Tibetan History Edited by Jeannine Bischoff and Saul Mullard LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: Lhasa, Potala. Bundesarchiv. Picture 135-S-15-04-10, Photo: Schäfer, Ernst 1938/1939. The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016035048 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1568-6183 isbn 978-90-04-33122-8 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-33125-9 (e-book) Copyright 2017 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. Contents Acknowledgements vii List of Contributors viii Introduction 1 1 Regulating Sikkimese Society: The Fifteen-clause Domestic Settlement (nang ’dum) of 1876 10 Saul Mullard 2 Reason against Tradition: An Attempt at Cultural Reform in a Tibetan-speaking Community in Panchayat-Era Nepal 49 Charles Ramble and Nyima Drandul 3 Monastic Guidelines (bCa’ yig): Tibetan Social History from a Buddhist Studies Perspective 64 Berthe Jansen 4 The lCags stag dmag khrims (1950): A New Development in Tibetan Legal and Military History? 99 Alice Travers 5 On the Exercise of Jurisdiction in Southeast Tibet after the Rise of the Ganden Phodrang Government 126 Peter Schwieger 6 Completely, Voluntarily and Unalterably? Values and Social Regulation among Central Tibetan mi ser during the Ganden Phodrang Period 151 Jeannine Bischoff 7 A Study of the Treaty of the First Tibet-Gorkha War of 1789 181 Yuri Komatsubara 8 A Study of gTan tshigs: A Genre of Land Tenure Document and Its Implication in Tibetan Social History 197 Kensaku Okawa vi contents 9 Different Copies of the Iron-Tiger Land Settlement and Their Historical Value as Taxation Manuals 209 Kalsang Norbu Gurung 10 State, Law, and Morality in Traditional Tibet 231 Fernanda Pirie Index 251 Acknowledgements This volume is the second in a series of collected papers representing the results of the research project “Social History of Tibetan Societies, 17th–20th Centuries” (http://www.tibetanhistory.net/). The project, which has been run- ning from March 2012 to February 2015, is funded by France’s National Research Agency (ANR) and the German Research Council (DFG). The host institutions in France are the Centre de Recherche sur les Civilisations de l’Asie Orientale (CRCAO, UMR 8155) and the École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE); and in Germany the Department of Mongolian and Tibetan Studies, Institute for Oriental and Asian Studies (IOA), University of Bonn. The editors wish to thank the contributors for their patience while the vol- ume was in its making, and everybody involved in this process—proofreaders, commentators and discussants. We would especially like to thank Charles Ramble and Fernanda Pirie for their editorial help with the volume. List of Contributors Alice Travers is a researcher at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), in the East Asian Civilisations Research Centre (CRCAO), Paris, where she works on social history in 19th and 20th century traditional Tibet. Her PhD disserta- tion and several articles deal with the subject of the aristocracy, as well as the intermediate/middle classes of Central Tibet. She is currently working on the history of the Ganden Phodrang army. Berthe Jansen is a researcher at Leiden University. Her current research focuses on the inter- action between monastic and secular law in the Ganden Phodrang period, a four-year project funded by the NWO’s VENI grant. In general, she is inter- ested in the influence of the pre-modern Tibetan Buddhist monastery on soci- ety at large. The main sources she examines are Tibetan monastic guidelines (bca’ yig), on which she has published various articles. In 2015, she obtained her PhD in Buddhist Studies at Leiden University with a dissertation entitled “The Monastery Rules: Buddhist Monastic Organization in Pre-modern Tibet.” In addition to her academic research endeavours, she has been working as an interpreter and translator of (Buddhist) Tibetan since 2004. Charles Ramble is Directeur d’études (Professor of Tibetan History and Philology) at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, a position he has held since 2009. From 2000 to 2010 he was the Lecturer in Tibetan and Himalayan Studies at the University of Oxford, where he continues to hold a position as University Research Lecturer. His publications include The Navel of the Demoness: Tibetan Buddhism and Civil Religion in Highland Nepal (2008), and several volumes in a series entitled Tibetan Sources for a Social History of Mustang (2008, 2016). His research interests include Tibetan social history, Bon, biographical writing, and Tibetan ritual literature and performance. Fernanda Pirie is Professor of the Anthropology of Law, at the Centre for Socio-Legal Studies, of the University of Oxford. She has carried out anthropological studies of legal practices in the Tibetan world and is engaged on a historical study of Tibet’s laws in its medieval period. She is the author of The Anthropology of Law (OUP, 2013) and Peace and Conflict in Ladakh (Brill, 2007). She has jointly edited list of contributors ix volumes on Conflict and Violence in Tibet and Inner Asia (with Toni Huber, Brill 2008), Modern Ladakh (with Martijn van Beek, Brill 2008), and Legalism: Community and Justice (with Judith Scheele, OUP, 2014). Jeannine Bischoff is a doctoral student at Department for Mongolian and Tibetan Studies of the University of Bonn, Germany. Her research focuses on Tibetan administrative documents concerning the rural communities attached to Kundeling monas- tery, in Central Tibet, before 1959. Kalsang Norbu Gurung completed his PhD at Leiden University and is currently affiliated to the Department of Mongolian and Tibetan Studies, Bonn University. He is also working in the project “Katalogisierung der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland” (KOHD). He has served as the president of the International Seminar of Young Tibetologists since 2012. Kensaku Okawa Is an associate professor at Nihon University. He obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Tokyo. His current research interests are Tibetan social history, Tibetan modern literature, and Sino-Tibetan relations in the 20th and the 21st centuries. He has translated Tibetan novels by Don grub rgyal, sTag ’bum rgyal, and Padma tshe brtan into Japanese. His recent publications on Tibetan social history include “A Study on Nang zan: On the Reality of the ‘servant worker’ in Traditional Tibetan Society”, Revue d’études tibétaines, no. 36, forthcoming 2016. Nyima Drandul is a native of Nepal’s Mustang District, where he was born and educated in a family of Nyingmapa tantric lamas. He has held positions as a research assistant in several international projects, including the Nepal-German Project on High Mountain Archaeology (1992-1997) and, most recently, the ANR/DFG-funded Social History of Tibetan Societies, 17th–20th Centuries (2012–2016). He is the principal collaborator in the publication series Tibetan Sources for a Social History of Mustang. Peter Schwieger is Professor of Tibetan Studies at Bonn University in Germany. His publica- tions cover the literature of the Tibetan Nyingma School, Tibetan diplomatics, Ladakhi and East Tibetan history, Tibetan oral literature and the grammar of
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