Social Norms, Gender and Collective Behaviour: Development Paradigms in India

191 Pages·2021·2.461 MB·English

by  Indranil De, Shyam Singh, Shilpi Smita Panda

Social Norms, Gender and
Collective Behaviour
Development Paradigms
in India
Shyam Singh
Shilpi Smita Panda
Social Norms, Gender and Collective Behaviour
· ·
Indranil De Shyam Singh Shilpi Smita Panda
Social Norms, Gender
and Collective
Behaviour
Development Paradigms in India
Indranil De Shyam Singh
InstituteofRuralManagementAnand InstituteofRuralManagementAnand
Anand, Gujarat, India Anand, Gujarat, India
Shilpi Smita Panda
Studies on Tribal and Marginalized
Communities
Utkal University
Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
ISBN 978-981-16-6951-4 ISBN 978-981-16-6952-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6952-1
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
forthefinancialassistanceprovidedtoconducttheresearchworkatSocial
Norms Knowledge Hub in Institute of Rural Management Anand.
The authors are thankful to SGR Consultancy Marketing Planning
Service, Kolkata for survey data collection.
v
Contents
1 Introduction: Institutions and Social Norms 1
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Social Norms, Social Capital and Institutions 4
1.3 Institutions 5
1.4 Social Norms 6
1.5 Development of Institutions 7
1.6 The Role of Institutions 10
1.7 Institutionalization Process 11
1.8 Institutional Change 13
1.9 Study on Implications of Norms 16
References 18
2 Understanding Social Norms 21
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Collective Behaviour and Social Norms 23
2.3 Collective Action and Evolution of Social Norms 27
2.4 Change of Norms 30
References 34
3 Social Norms and Women Workforce Participation 37
3.1 Introduction 37
3.2 Social Norms and Gender Norms 40
3.3 Conceptual Framework 41
3.4 Methodology 42
vii
viii CONTENTS
3.5 Socio-Economic Profile of the Respondents 43
3.6 Customs 47
3.7 Moral Norms 49
3.8 Descriptive Norms 50
3.9 Social Norms 53
3.10 Discussion and Conclusion 61
References 64
4 Gender and Agriculture: Cases of Woman Participation
in Rural Odisha 67
4.1 Introduction 67
4.2 Overview of Literature 71
4.3 Conceptual Framework 72
4.4 Methodology 74
4.5 Socio-Economic Profile of the Study Villages 76
4.6 Demographic Profile of the Respondents in the Villages 78
4.7 Norms Affecting Women Participation
in Agricultural Activities 78
4.8 Customs 81
4.9 Moral Norms 85
4.10 Descriptive Norms 88
4.11 Social Norms 90
4.12 Household Decision-Making by Woman 96
4.13 Discussion and Conclusion 99
References 101
5 Reference Network and Sanitation Norms 105
5.1 Introduction 105
5.2 Structure of a Reference Network 106
5.3 Methodology 110
5.4 Analysis and Results 115
5.5 Discussion and Conclusion 121
References 125
6 Sanitation and Social Norms: A Study on Villages
in Gujarat and West Bengal 129
6.1 Introduction 129
6.2 Methodology 131
6.3 Socio-Economic Characteristics 134
6.4 Access and Use of Toilet 139
CONTENTS ix
6.5 Sanitation and Social Norms 147
6.6 Response to the Vignettes 157
6.7 Discussion and Conclusion 162
References 165
7 Collective Behaviour and Development Management:
Policy Response to Social Norms and Behaviour Change 167
7.1 Introduction 168
7.2 Public Policy and Social Change 169
7.3 An Action Framework for Managing Development
Policy—Context of Sanitation 171
References 176
Index 179
List of Figures
Fig. 1.1 The logical structure of institutional facts (Note Author’s
Construction based on Searle [2005]) 9
Fig. 1.2 Institutionalisation process of social norms (Note Adapted
from Tolbert and Zucker [1999, p. 182]; modified
and contextualized) 13
Fig. 1.3 Institutional endogeneity and institutional change (Note
Adapted from Acemoglu et al. [2005, p. 392]; modified
and contextualized) 15
Fig. 2.1 Development of social norms (Note Adapted from Ostrom
[2007, 2010, p. 162]; modified and contextualized) 29
Fig. 3.1 Women workforce participation and social norms:
A conceptual framework (Note Adapted from Bicchieri
[2006, p. 4]; modified and contextualized) 41
Fig. 4.1 Women participation in agriculture: a social norm
framework(Note Author’sConstructionbasedonBicchieri
[2006, 2012, July]) 73
Fig. 4.2 Changing the social and gender norms (Source Authors
Compilation) 74
Fig. 4.3 Case selection framework (Source Authors Compilation) 76
Fig. 5.1 An ego network of three degrees of contacts (Source
Authors Contribution) 113
Fig. 5.2 Khorwad, Gujarat (Legends (1) Shape by Gender: Circle:
Male; Circle -in-Box: Female (2) Colour by Caste:
General: Green; OBC: Blue; SC: Red; ST: Black. Source
Authors Contribution) 114
xi
xii LISTOFFIGURES
Fig. 5.3 Majhra, West Bengal (Legends (1) Shape by Gender:
Circle: Male; Circle-in-Box: Female (2) Colour by Caste:
General: Green; OBC: Blue; SC: Red; ST: Black. Source
Authors Contribution) 115
Fig. 5.4 Overall size (Source Primary Survey) 116
Fig. 5.5 Size of the egos in Majhra (Source Primary Survey) 116
Fig. 5.6 Size of the egos in Khorwad (Source Primary Survey) 117
Fig. 5.7 Average degree for each degree of separation (Source
Authors Contribution) 118
Fig. 6.1 Sampling framework (Note Hhs = Number of sample
households. Source Author’s Contribution) 131
Fig. 6.2 Reasons for constructing toilet outside room (Source
Author’s Compilation) 146
Fig. 6.3 Households having functional toilet (Source Author’s
Compilation) 146