Social Movements in Development: The Challenge of Globalization and Democratization

292 Pages·1997·14.47 MB·English

by  Staffan Lindberg, Árni Sverrisson (eds.)

INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY SERIES
General Editor: Timothy M. Shaw, Professor of Political Science and Inter
national Development Studies, and Director of the Centre for Foreign Policy
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SOUTHEAST ASIA IN THE NEW WORLD ORDER: The Political Economy
of a Dynamic Region
Social Movements in
Development
The Challenge of Globalization and
Democratization
Edited by
Staffan Lindberg
Associate Professor of Sociology
University of Lund. Sweden
and
Ami S verrisson
Assistant Professor of Sociology
University of Lund. Sweden
First published in Great 1997 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills. Basingstoke. Hampshire RG21 6XS and London
Companies and representatives throughout the world
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-1-349-25450-7 ISBN 978-1-349-25448-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-25448-4
First published in the United States of America 1997 by
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC ..
Scholarly and Reference Division.
175 Fifth Avenue. New York. N.Y. 10010
ISBN 978-0-312-16472-0
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Social movements in development: the challenge of globalization and
democratization I edited by Staffan Lindberg and Ami Sverrisson.
p. cm. - (International political economy series)
Papers presented at a conference held Aug. 18-21. 1993 at the
Dept. of Sociology. University of Lund.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-312-16472-0
I. Social movements-Developing countries--Congresses.
2. Developing countries-Economic conditions-Congresses.
3. Developing countries-Politics and government-Congresses.
I. Lindberg. Staffan. 1943- II. Sverrisson. Ami. III. Series.
HN980.S585 1996
303.48'09 I7 24-41c20 96-9721
CIP
Selection. editorial mailer and Chapter I @ Staffan Lindberg and Ami Sverrisson 1997
Chapter 6 @ Staffan Lindberg 1997
Chapters 2-5. 7-13 @ Macmillan Press Ltd 1997
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1997
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Contents
List of Figures and Tables viii
Preface Vlll
Notes on the Contributors ix
List of Ahbreviations xii
Introduction
Staffan Lindberg and Arni Sverrisson
PART I CHALLENGES AND VISIONS
2 Economic Globalization, Institutional Change and.
Human Security 25
Dharam Ghai
3 Social Movements in the Third World 46
T. K. Oommen
4 Social Movements and Democratization 67
Manuel Antonio Garreton
5 Civil Society, Politics and Democracy in
Developmentalist States 78
Peter Gibbon
PART II ECONOMY, SOCIETY AND POLITICAL
DEVELOPMENT
6 Farmers' Movements and Agricultural Development
in India 101
Staffan Lindberg
7 Peasants and Structural Adjustment in Latin America 126
Alexander Schejtman
y
VI Contents
8 Institutions, Interest Groups and Economic Policies
in Southern Africa 153
Tor Skd/nes
9 Structural Adjustment and Democratization in Zimbabwe 176
Lloyd M. Sachikonye
PART III STATE, CIVIL SOCIETY AND SOCIAL
MOVEMENTS
10 Seeds of Democracy: The Chinese Students' Movement
in 1989 197
Caixia Dong
11 Constructing Civil Society: Election Watch Movements
in the Philippines 210
Eva-Lotta E. Hedman
12 Conservation for Whom? Van Gujjars and the Raja:ji
National Park 234
Pernille Gooch
13 Between People and the State: NGOs as
Troubleshooters and Innovators 252
Stig Toft Madsen
Index 275
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
7.1 Paths of change of the hacienda system 128
7.2 GOP, unemployment, wages, informal sector (1980-91) 133
7.3 Poverty and indigence 134
7.4 Rural and urban levels of indigence 135
7.5 Small agricultural producers' output 136
Table
7.1 The contrast between peasant agriculture and 131
capitalist agriculture
vii
Preface
This book includes a selection of papers and discussions from a
conference on 'Social Movements in the Third World - Economy,
Politics and Culture' held at the Department of Sociology, Univer
sity of Lund, 18-21 August 1993. In all, 92 researchers participated
in the conference and 57 papers were presented in three plenary
sessions and two working groups. This volume includes contribu
tions from two plenary sessions and two working groups. Another
book about cultural movements and gender is in preparation.
The conference was financed by SAREC (Swedish Agency for
Research Cooperation with Developing Countries), SIDA (Swedish
International Development Authority), NorFA (Nordic Academy
for Advanced Study), HSFR (Swedish Council for Research in the
Humanities and Social Sciences), FRN (Swedish Council for Plan
ning and Coordination of Research) and the Department of Socio
logy in Lund. This generous support is warmly acknowledged.
In addition to the editors, the following helped in various capa
cities in organizing the conference and the preparation of this
volume: Goran Djurfeldt, Bertil Egero, Ron Eyerman, Kajsa
Ekholm Friedman, Jonathan Friedman, Christer Gunnarsson, An
drew Jamison, Preben Kaarsholm, Alhadi Khalaf, Christopher
Kindblad, Svante Lundberg, Stig Toft Madsen, Chris Mathieu,
Julio Numhauser, Sari Pekkola, Nelson Silva, Arne Tostensen,
Marja Liisa Swantz, Timothy Shaw and Mariken Vaa. Warm
thanks are due to them as well as the participants in the conference
who all contributed in one way or another to making it an educative
and stimulating experience.
Lund STAFFAN LiNDBERG
ARNI SVERRISSON
V 111
Notes on the Contributors
Caixia Dong, MA, is a sociologist and a PhD candidate at the
University of Copenhagen. She is currently finalizing her PhD
project on the 1989 student movement in China, with a particular
emphasis on in-depth studies of student organizations, and the
structural constraints which influence collective action.
Manuel Antonio GarreMn is Chair, Department of Sociology,
University of Chile in Santiago. He has worked for many years on
political systems and social movements in Latin America, particu
larly various aspects of the democratization process. His most
important work so far is The Chilean Political Process, (1989).
Dharam Ghai, an economist, is Director of United Nations Re
search Institute on Social Development (UNRISD), Geneva. He
has written on a wide range of development issues. His most recent
major publications are Monitoring Social Progress in the 1990s:
Data Constraints, Concerns and Priorities (1993) and Development
and Environment: Sustaining People and Nature (1994).
Peter Gibbon is Senior Researcher at the Centre for Development
Research in Copenhagen. His current research is focused on private
trade in East Africa. Earlier he coordinated a research programme
on structural adjustment at the Scandinavian Institute for Develop
ment Studies, which published three volumes edited by Dr Gibbon
with results from the programme in 1995: Liberalized Development
in Tanzania. Structural Adjustment and the Working Poor in Zim
babwe and Market. State and Civil Society in Kenya.
Pernille Gooch is a PhD candidate in social anthropology at the
Department of Sociology, University of Lund, Sweden, and is
currently completing her doctoral dissertation on the pastoral
Gujjars of northern India with special emphasis on ecological and
environmental issues. She has published articles based on her
research in international journals.
Eva-Lotta E. Hedman is a political scientist and has been conduct
ing research in the Philippines since 1990 on elections, participatory
ix