Social learning theory and elderly drinking : a longitudinal structural equation model PDF
Preview Social learning theory and elderly drinking : a longitudinal structural equation model
SOCIALLEARNINGTHEORYANDELDERLYDRINKING: ALONGITUDINALSTRUCTURALEQUATIONMODEL By THOMASR.HEFFINGTON DISSERTATIONPRESENTEDTOTHEGRADUATESCHOOL OFTHEUNIVERSITYOFFLORIDAIN PARTIALFULFILLMENTOFTHEREQUIREMENTSFOR THEDEGREEOFDOCTOROFPHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITYOFFLORIDA 1997 Copyright 1997 by ThomasR.Heffington for Hannah 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ThedataforthisstudyweredrawnfromtheAlcoholandtheElderly projectconductedattheUniversityofFloridawithfundingsupportfromthe NationalInstituteonAlcoholAbuseandAlcoholism(No. P50AA05793). This dissertationisbuiltontheeffortsofRonaldL.AkersandAnthonyJ.LaGreca andotherresearcherswhocontributedtothedatacollectionandtheinitial analysesandisintendedtocomplementtheirresearchonelderlydrinking. Any errorsormisrepresentationsoftheireffortsaremyresponsibility. Iwillbe‘eternally’gratefultoRonaldL.Akersforhispatientguidance overtheyears. IamfortunatetohavehadRichardC.Hollinger,Anthony J. LaGreca,JohnH.Scanzoni,andDavidI.Suchmanserveonmygraduate committee. Theyhave,atvarioustimes,encouragedandprovokedmeto accomplishmorethanIcouldconceiveorimagine. SpecialthanksforavarietyofreasonstoAlvaroOrtiz,AmirMarvasti, CharlesFrazier,ChristineSellars,DeanDabney,GangLee,GoldieMacDonald, JanisWeber,JohnDixon,JulieNetzer,KarenSeccombe,KimPettigrew- Brackett,KimberlyWoodham,MarionWillets-Bloom,MaryRobinson,Nadine Gillis,PhilWebb,RichardBaxter,SheranFlowers,ShirleyWalker,SylviaAnsay, TerrySmith,andTimFlollingsworth. IV 1 TABLEOFCONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS LISTOFTABLES LISTOFFIGURES ABSTRACT CHAPTERS 1 INTRODUCTION i 2 THESOCIALANDDEMOGRAPHICCONTEXTOFELDERLY DRINKING: AREVIEWOFTHELITERATURE 9 Introduction PrevailingSocio-DemographicPatternsofAlcoholUse 1 ElderlyAlcoholAbuse: MethodologicalandConceptualIssues 32 GerontologicalPerspectives 46 FutureConsiderations 56 3 THEORETICALCONSIDERATIONS 61 OverviewofSociologicalTheoriesofDeviance 61 SocialLearningTheoryanditsApplicationto ElderlyDrinking Behavior 67 4 METHODOLOGY 87 AGeneralOverviewofLongitudinalResearch 87 SampleandProcedure 91 OverviewofStructuralEquationModeling 95 MeasurementofVariables 100 SpecificationoftheTheoreticalModels 107 v 5 SOCIALLEARNINGANDTHESTABILITYOFDRINKING PATTERNS 12o TheDistributionofDrinkingintheSample 120 EstablishingtheStandardModel 124 TheStructuralEquationModel 132 Coda 156 6 SUMMARYANDCONCLUSIONS 158 APPENDICES A SELECTEDSURVEYITEMS 176 B MEANS,STANDARDDEVIATIONS,ANDBIVARIATE CORRELATIONSFORSELECTEDVARIABLES 189 REFERENCES BIOGRAPHICALSKETCH 215 VI LISTOFTABLES 1 AnnualAlcoholConsumption-DemographicCharacteristics 14 2 DailyAlcoholConsumption-DemographicCharacteristics 15 3 NationalDrugandAlcoholismTreatmentUnitSurvey. One-Day CensusofOlderDrugandAlcoholClients. 1987-1992 58 4 DemographicCharacteristicsofAlachuaCountySample 94 5 DistributionofPastDrinkingBehaviorAmongtheElderly. (ModifiedDunhamScale) 104 6 FrequencyofPastYearDrinkingatYearThreeforAlachua CountyRespondents 121 7 FactorLoadingsforManifestVariablesonTwoYearLongitudinal SamplesTakenfromtheElderlyDrinkingProject-Standardized Coefficients -123 VII LISTOFFIGURES R9ure Ease 1 PredictedRelationshipsBetweenSocialLearning,PastDrinking, andDrinkingFactors ’ 108 2 HypotheticalLongitudinalStructuralEquationModelofSocial Learning,PastDrinking,andDrinkingFactors 116 3 MeasurementModelofVariableLoadingsandFactorCorrelations forDefinitions,Associations,Reinforcement,PastDrinking,and Drinking 127 4 InfluenceofSocialLearningFactorsandPastDrinkingonDrinking 133 5 InfluenceofSocialLearningFactorsonDrinking 138 6 InfluenceofAssociationsandReinforcementonDrinking 143 7 InfluenceofAssociations,asMediatedbyReinforcement,on Drinking 144 8 InfluenceofDefinitionsandAssociations,asMediatedby Reinforcement,onDrinking 148 9 LongitudinalModeloftheInfluenceofAssociationsandDefinitions, asMediatedbyReinforcement,onDrinking 151 viii AbstractofDissertationPresentedtothe GraduateSchooloftheUniversityofFloridain PartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfor theDegreeofDoctorofPhilosophy SOCIALLEARNINGTHEORYANDELDERLYDRINKING: ALONGITUDINALSTRUCTURALEQUATIONMODEL By ThomasR.Heffington August,1997 Chairman: RonaldL.Akers,Ph.D. MajorDepartment: DepartmentofSociology Previousresearchhasshownsociallearningtheorytohaveconsiderable predictiveutilityinexplainingdeviantbehavioramongjuveniles. Recently, empiricalresearchonsociallearningtheoryhasbeenextendedtofocuson drinkingbehavioramongtheelderly. Thisstudyprovidesatestofsociallearning theorybyexaminingthesubstantiveissueofdrinkingbehavior. Aspartofalargerstudyofalcoholconsumptionamongtheelderly,face- to-faceinterviewswereconductedon218respondentsaged60andoverinthe ageheterogeneouscommunityofAlachuaCounty,Florida. Respondentswere interviewedonayearlybasisoverathree-yearperiodconcerningtheirdrinking practices,socialrelationships,personalperceptions,andattitudesabout IX drinking. Structuralequationmodelingshowsthat,overtime,sociallearning theoryexplainsasignificantportionofthevarianceassociatedwithdrinking behavioroftheelderly(86percent). Thestabilityofdrinkingbehavioramongthe elderlyislargelyafunctionofthestabilityofsociallearningfactors. Results demonstratethatsociallearningvariablesarebetterpredictorsofcurrent drinkingbehaviorthaneveninformationconcerningpastdrinkingbehavior. x
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