Social Injustice and Public Health

586 Pages·2013·5.462 MB·English

by  Barry S. Levy, Victor W. Sidel (eds.)

■ Social Injustice and Public Health
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Social Injustice and
Public Health
SECOND EDITION
EDITED BY
Barry S. Levy
Victor W. Sidel
3
1

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Social injustice and public health/edited by Barry S. Levy, Victor W. Sidel.—2nd ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978–0–19–993922–0 (pbk. : alk. paper)—ISBN 978–0–19–932478–1 (uPDF ebook)—
ISBN 978–0–19–932479–8 (epub ebook)
I. Levy, Barry S. II. Sidel, Victor W.
[DNLM: 1. Social Medicine. 2. Public Health. 3. Social Justice. WA 31]
RA418
362.1ʹ042—dc23
2013004942

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
■ Dedicated to health workers throughout the world
committed to ending social injustice.
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■
C O N T E N T S
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Contributors xix
PART I ■ Introduction
1 Th e Nature of Social Injustice and Its Impact on Public Health 3
BARRY S. LEVY AND VICTOR W. SIDEL
Box 1–1: Defi nitions and Concepts of Social Justice 5
Box 1–2: Science and Social Justice 10
Omar Khan and David MKI Liu
Appendix to Chapter 1: Universal Declaration of
Human Rights 12
PART II ■ How Social Injustice Affects the Health of Specifi c
Population Groups
2 Socioeconomically Disadvantaged People 21
MICHAEL MARMOT AND RUTH BELL
3 Racial and Ethnic Minorities 42
CAROL EASLEY ALLEN AND CHERYL E. EASLEY
Box 3–1: Racial and Ethnic Defi nitions in the U.S. Census 43
4 Women 68
GINA MARANTO AND JUDY NORSIGIAN
Box 4–1: Our Bodies Ourselves 79
Box 4–2: E ngagement of Men in Gender-Based
Violence Prevention 80
vii
viii ■ Contents
5 Children 88
SARA ROSENBAUM AND KAY A. JOHNSON
Box 5–1: How the United States Compares with Other
High-Income Countries 91
B ox 5–2: C hildren in Low-Income Countries 9 9
Kathryn Bolles and Sarita Fritzler
6 O lder People 1 06
CARROLL L. ESTES AND STEVEN P. WALLACE
7 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender/Transsexual Individuals 123
EMILIA LOMBARDI AND TALIA MAE BETTCHER
8 People with Disabilities 140
NORA ELLEN GROCE
Box 8–1: Terminology 142
Box 8–2: Disability and Education 145
Box 8–3: Similarities and Diff erences Among
People with Disabilities 148
Box 8–4: Disability During Times of Disaster and
Political Upheaval 149
9 P risoners 158
ERNEST DRUCKER
Box 9–1: Political Prisoners 160
William F. Schulz
10 Homeless People 172
LISA ARANGUA AND LILLIAN GELBERG
11 Forced Migrants: Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons 187
MICHAEL J. TOOLE
PART III ■ How Social Injustice Affects Aspects
of Public Health
12 Medical Care 203
OLIVER FEIN AND H. JACK GEIGER
Box 12–1: Single-Payer Health Care 213
Steffi e Woolhandler and David U. Himmelstein
Contents ■ ix
13 Infectious Disease 220
JOIA S. MUKHERJEE AND PAUL E. FARMER
14 Nutrition 238
J. LARRY BROWN
Box 14–1: Defi nitions of Key Terms 239
Box 14–2: Obesity 242
15 Chronic Non-Communicable Disease 251
KAREN R. SIEGEL, K.M. VENKAT NARAYAN,
AND DEREK YACH
Box 15–1: Who Neglects the Global Burden of
Chronic Diseases? 252
16 Mental Health 272
CARLES MUNTANER, EDWIN NG, HAEJOO CHUNG,
AND WILLIAM W. EATON
17 V iolence 289
JAMES A. MERCY AND SARAH DEGUE
Box 17–1: War and Other Forms of Armed Confl ict 291
Barry S. Levy and Victor W. Sidel
Box 17–2: Th e International Arms Trade 295
Victor W. Sidel and Barry S. Levy
Box 17–3: Nuclear Weapons and Social Injustice 296
Robert M. Gould and Patrice M. Sutton
Box 17–4: Genocide 303
Victor W. Sidel and Barry S. Levy
18 Environmental Health 318
COLIN D. BUTLER AND ANTHONY J. MCMICHAEL
Box 18–1: Substandard Housing and Its Impact on Health 323
Bailus Walker, Jr.
Box 18–2: Impact of Natural Disasters on Social Justice 330
Linda Young Landesman, Micheal A. Kemp, and Kay C. Goss
19 Occupational Health and Safety 339
ANDREA KIDD TAYLOR AND LINDA RAE MURRAY
Box 19–1: Economic Globalization 346
Ellen R. Shaff er and Joseph E. Brenner