Social Entrepreneurship in a global society

92 Pages·2017·1.88 MB·English

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by Prof. Dr. Harry Hummels
The 18th Sustainable Development Goal:
Social Entrepreneurship
in a global society
This address is dedicated to my dear friend Theo Brouwers. Without his friendship and the many discussion we have had, I would
never have gained the knowledge, the insight and the experience, that I have today. In addition, I am grateful to him and my
colleagues Erik Stam and Niels Bosma for their constructive comments on previous versions of this contribution.
2
Die Philosophen haben die Welt nur verschieden interpretiert;
es kommt drauf an, sie zu verändern 1.
1 Karl Marx, Thesen über Feuerbach, 1845, Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe Ab IV. Bd. 3, Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1998
3
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Colophon
Reference to this publication: Hummels, G.J.A., (2018), The 18th SDG: Social Entrepreneurship in a Global Society,
Utrecht University, Utrecht, March 1st.
Illustrations: Marjorie Specht, Ontwerpkantoor Vonk Specht
Graphic design & print: Coers & Roest ontwerpers bno | drukkers
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Inhoud
1 Introduction 9
1. What are the problems or challenges that define the domain of social entrepreneurship? 11
2. When do we call entrepreneurial activities ‘social’? 12
3. What do organisations require to become geared toward social innovation in value chains? 13
2 C hallenges in the domain of social entrepreneurship 19
3 A basic needs-based approach to social entrepreneurship 25
4 W hen do we call entrepreneurial activities ‘social’ ? 33
A. Contribution to the fulfilment of basic needs and capabilities 35
B. Demonstration of outcomes that lead to fulfilment of basic needs and capabilities 37
C. Involvement of beneficiaries in deciding on the adequacy of activities and results 39
A dynamic concept 41
Conclusion 43
6 _ Inhoud
5 The entrepreneurial dimensions 47
D. The relevance and meaning of innovation 48
E. Scaling 55
F. Financial sustainability 61
6 A common global agenda 67
The Sustainable Development Goals 67
The 18th SDG 72
Evaluating human development 75
M-Kopa’s output report 77
7 The reversed logic of social entrepreneurship — a conclusion 83
About the author Prof. dr. Harry Hummels 89
Colophon 90
7 _ Inhoud
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1 _ Introduction2
“A spectre is haunting Europe”. With these famous opening in which working conditions were often beyond imagination.
words of the Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels describe In Capital, Marx provides an account of the devastation that
the rising of a movement that stood up against the bourgeoisie. was found in many sectors of the English industry.
Fear was all over Europe, leading the bourgeois to believe that
the proletariat would fundamentally disrupt existing social, “The manufacture of matches, (…), has such a bad reputation that
political and economic relationships. The fear was real and only the most miserable part of the working class, half-starved
for a reason. In the eyes of Marx and Engels, the omnipresent widows and so forth, deliver up their children to it, their ‘ragged,
bourgeoisie “has left remaining no other nexus between man half-starved, untaught children’. Of the witnesses examined by
and man than naked self-interest” 3. It thereby “forged the Commissioner White (1863), 270 were under 18, fifty under 10,
weapons that bring death to itself” and “called into existence ten only 8, and five only 6 years old. With a working day ranging
the men who are to wield those weapons” 4. Proletarians would from 12 to 14 or 15 hours, night labour, irregular meal-times, and
become the soldiers of economic warfare. They were labourers, meals mostly taken in the workrooms themselves, pestilent with
who “only live as long as they find work and who only find work phosphorus, Dante would have found the worst horrors in his
as long as their labour increases capital” 5. Many men, women Inferno surpassed in this industry. 6
and children found work in an ever-expanding industrial age,
2  This working paper provides the groundwork for my inaugural address as Professor of Social Entrepreneurship at the Utrecht University School of
Economics, held on 1 March 2018 in the Aula of the Academy building of Utrecht University.
3  Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto, orig. 1848, London, Penguin, 2002, p.5
4  Ibidem, 2002, p.11
5  Ibidem, 2002, p.11
6  Marx, K., Capital, Penguin, London, 2004
9 _ Introduction
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