Social Entrepreneurship

289 Pages·2006·0.952 MB·English

by  Johanna Mair, Jeffrey Robinson, Kai Hockerts (eds.)

Social Entrepreneurship
Edited by
Johanna Mair, Jeffrey Robinson
and Kai Hockerts
Social Entrepreneurship
This page intentionally left blank
Social Entrepreneurship
Edited by Johanna Mair, Jeffrey Robinson and Kai Hockerts
Selection and editorial matter © Johanna Mair, Jeffrey Robinson, Kai
Hockerts 2006 Individual chapters © contributors 2006
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2006 978-1-4039-9664-0
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
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work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2006 by
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PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave
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ISBN 978-1-349-54553-7 ISBN 978-0-230-62565-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230625655
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Social entrepreneurship / edited by Johanna Mair, Jeffrey Robinson &
Kai Hockerts.
p. cm.
“This book results from an international conference held at IESE
Business School, Barcelona, in March 2005”–Introd.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Social entrepreneurship–Congresses. I. Mair, Johanna, 1967–
II. Robinson, Jeffrey, 1971– III. Hockerts, Kai, 1970– IV. Universidad de
Navarra. Instituto de Estudios Superiores de la Empresa.
HD60.S59 2006
306.3’42–dc22
2005056487
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06
Contents
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
List of Appendices ix
Notes on Contributors x
Acknowledgments xvi
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Johanna Mair, Jeffrey Robinson and Kai Hockerts
Part I Perspectives and Agenda for Research 15
Chapter 2 Introduction to Part I – Setting a Research
Agenda for an Emerging Field 17
Ignasí Martí
Chapter 3 Three Avenues for Social Entrepreneurship
Research 22
James E. Austin
Chapter 4 Politics, Values and Social Entrepreneurship:
A Critical Appraisal 34
Albert Hyunbae Cho
Chapter 5 Social Entrepreneurship: Innovation and Social
Change Across Theory and Practice 57
Francesco Perrini and Clodia Vurro
Part II Opportunities and Intentions 87
Chapter 6 Introduction to Part II – Exploring the Intentions
and Opportunities Behind Social Entrepreneurship 89
Johanna Mair
Chapter 7 Navigating Social and Institutional Barriers to
Markets: How Social Entrepreneurs Identify and
Evaluate Opportunities 95
Jeffrey Robinson
v
vi Contents
Chapter 8 Social Entrepreneurship: How Intentions to
Create a Social Venture are Formed 121
Johanna Mair and Ernesto Noboa
Part III Strategy, Structure and Outcome 137
Chapter 9 Introduction to Part III – Understanding the
Strategy, Structure and Outcomes in Social
Ventures 139
Jeffrey Robinson
Chapter 10 Entrepreneurial Opportunity in Social Purpose
Business Ventures 142
Kai Hockerts
Chapter 11 Ownership, Mission and Environment: An
Exploratory Analysis into the Evolution of a
Technology Social Venture 155
Geoffrey Desa and Suresh Kotha
Chapter 12 Social Enterprise: Beyond Economic Outcomes
and Individual Returns 180
Helen Haugh
Part IV Integrating Sustainability and the
Environment 207
Chapter 13 Introduction to Part IV – Ecopreneurship: Unique
Research Field or Just ‘More of the Same’? 209
Kai Hockerts
Chapter 14 Green-Works: A Model for Combining Social and
Ecological Entrepreneurship 214
Anne Clifford and Sarah E. A. Dixon
Chapter 15 Social Entrepreneurs Directly Contribute to
Global Development Goals 235
Christian Seelos, Kate Ganly and Johanna Mair
Index 276
List of Tables
Table 1.1 Definitions of social entrepreneurship concepts
within this volume 4
Table 7.1 Examples of social entry barriers in social sector
markets 102
Table 7.2 Examples of institutional entry barriers in social
sector markets 103
Table 7.3 Case details of social entrepreneurs in an inner
city context 108
Table 7.4 Case details of social entrepreneurs notin an
inner city context 108
Table 10.1 A conceptual framework for social entrepreneurial
opportunities 146
Table 11.1 Technology social venture projects within Benetech
(circa. mid-2004) 159
Table 12.1 Beyond direct economic outcomes 186
Table 12.2 Summary of case study organizations 191
Table 12.3 Outcomes indicator 196
Table 14.1 Typical entries in data display 217
Table 14.2 An entrepreneurial organization 219
Table 14.3 Balancing the triple bottom line 221
Table 14.4 Economic viability: Green-Works’ Financial
Report 03/04 224
Table 14.5 Green-Works’ pricing scheme 225
Table 14.6 Creating networks 227
Table 15.1 The Millenium Development Goals and targets 239
Table 15.2 Least Developed Countries 247
Table 15.3 Mapping of Schwab Foundation Social
Entrepreneurs to MDGs 251
vii
List of Figures
Figure 5.1 The point of view of the practitioner: a descriptive
framework of the social entrepreneurial process 78
Figure 7.1 Opportunities orientation in entrepreneurship 105
Figure 7.2 Navigating social and institutional entry barriers 106
Figure 8.1 A model of social entrepreneurial intention
formation 126
Figure 11.1 Project development process at Benetech
(based on the venture capital model) 163
Figure 11.2 Emerging propositions from Benetech case:
factors affecting TSV origin and evolution 172
Figure 11.3 Emerging propositions: effects of TSV evolution
and ownership on project mission and scope 175
Figure 14.1 A model for combining social and ecological
entrepreneurship 229
Figure 15.1 Distribution of Schwab Foundation social
entrepreneurs 245
Figure 15.2 Social enterprises impacting MDGs in the
bottom 30 per cent of the HDI 249
Figure 15.3 Number of social enterprises impacting
Millennium Development Goals 250
viii
List of Appendices
Appendix 5A List of analyzed SEVs 80
Appendix 14A Interview guide and links to original research
questions 232
Appendix 15A List of Schwab Foundation social
entrepreneurs 256
ix