Social Enterprise: A Global Comparison

242 Pages·2009·30.436 MB·English

by  Janelle A. Kerlin

SOCIAL
ENTERPRISE
CL BBAL
COMPARISON
JANELLE A. KERLIN, EDITOR
Social Enterprise
CIVIL soci ety: h istorical and contemporary perspectives
Series Editors:
Virginia Hodgkinson Public Policy Institute Georgetown University
Kent E. Portney Department of Political Science Tufts University
John C. Schneider Department of History Tufts University
For a complete list of books that are available in the series, visit www.upne.com.
Janelle A. Kerlin. ed., Social Enterprise: Thomas A. Lyson, Civic Agriculture:
A Global Comparison Reconnecting Farm, Food, and
Carl Milofsky, Smallville: Community
Institutionalizing Community in Virginia A. Hodgkinson and Michael
Twenty-First-Century America W. Foley, eds.. The Civil Society
Dan Pallotta, Uncharitable: How Reader
Restraints on Nonprofits Undermine Henry Milner, Civic Literacy: How
Their Potential Informed Citizens Make Democracy
Susan A. Ostrander and Kent E. Work
Portney, eds., Acting Civically: From Ken Thomson, From Neighborhood to
Urban Neighborhoods to Higher Nation: The Democratic Foundations
Education of Civil Society
Peter Levine, The Future of Democracy: Bob Edwards, Michael W. Foley, and
Developing the Next Generation of Mario Diani, eds., Beyond
American Citizens Tocqueville: Civil Society and the
Jason A. Scorza, Strong Liberalism: Social Capital Debate in Comparative
Habits of Mind for Democratic Perspective
Citizenship Phillip H. Round, By Nature and by
Elayne Clift, ed.. Women, Philanthropy, Custom Cursed: Transatlantic Civil
and Social Change: Visions for a Just Discourse and New England Cultural
Society Production, 1620-1660
Brian O’Connell, Fifty Years in Public Brian O'Connell, Civil Society: The
Causes: Stories from a Road Less Underpinnings of American
Traveled Democracy
Pablo Eisenberg, Challenges for
Nonprofits and Philanthropy: The
Courage to Change
EDITED BY JANELLE A. KERLIN
Social Enterprise
A Global Comparison
TUFTS UNIVERSITY PRESS
Medford, Massachusetts
Published by
University Press of New England
Hanover and London
TUFTS UNIVERSITY PRESS
Published by University Press of New England,
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© 2009 by Tufts University Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Social enterprise : a global comparison / edited by Janelle A. Kerlin.
p. m. — (Civil society: historical and contemporary perspectives)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn 978-1-58465-789-7 (cloth: alk. paper)
isbn 978-1-58465-822-1 (pbk.: alk. paper)
1. Social entrepreneurship—Case studies. 2. Social responsibility of
business—Case studies. 3. Non-govemmental organizations—Case
studies. 4. Nonprofit organizations—Case studies. 1. Kerlin,
Janelle A., 1969-
HD60.S585 2009
361.7'65—dc22 2009026948
University Press of New England is a member of the
Green Press Initiative. The paper used in this book meets
their minimum requirement for recycled paper.
For my husband, Clayton Bassett

Contents
List of Figures viii
List of Tables ix
Foreword Jacques Dejburny xi
Contributors xix
Acknowledgments xxvii
i Introduction Janelle A. Kerlin i
2 Western Europe Marthe Nyssens 12
3 East-Central Europe Ewa Les and Marija Kolin 35
4 Southeast Asia Joel Santos, Leah Macatangay,
Mary Ann Capistrano, el Caroline Burns 64
5 United States Janelle A. Kerlin el Kirsten Cagnaire Sy
6 Zimbabwe and Zambia Absolom Masendeke el
Alex Mugova 114
7 Argentina Mario M. Roitter el Alejandra Vivas 139
8 Japan Ichiro Tsukamoto el Mariko Nishimura 163
9 A Comparison of Social Enterprise Models and Contexts
Janelle A. Kerlin 184
Index 201
Figures
Figure 2.1 The emes Ideal Type of Social Enterprise 14
Figure 3.1 Main Organizational Forms of Social Enterprises in East-
Central European Countries 37
Figure 5.1 Selected Sources of Revenue for All Nonprofits (Excluding
Hospitals and Higher Education Institutions), 1982-2002, in 2003
Dollars 96
Figure 6.1 dapp Operations in Zambia 118-119
Figure 6.2 Crisis Situation for Social Enterprise in Zimbabwe 124
Figure 6.3 ngo Operational Requirements in Zimbabwe (2008) 128
Figure 6.4 The Rise and Fall of Informal Sector Social Enterprises in
Zimbabwe 129
Figure 9.1 Relative Placement of Social Enterprise for Seven World
Regions and Countries with Regard to Market, State, Civil Society,
and International Aid 191
Figure 9.2 Countries Included in the Three World Regions 192
Tables
Table u Models ofThird Sector Regime 4
Table 3.1 Accepted Examples of Social Enterprises Supplying Social and
Community Services 38
Table 5.1 Common Types of Nonprofit Social Enterprises and the Extent
of Nonprofit Involvement in Commercial Activity 91
Table 5.2 Common Types of Business Social Enterprise and the Extent of
Business Involvement in Social Activity 94
Table 6.1 Evolution of Social Enterprises in Zimbabwe 120
Table 6.2 Performance by csfs on Key Indicators, 2004-2005 136
Table 9.1 Comparative Overview of Social Enterprise in Seven World
Regions and Countries x88
Table 9.2 The Emphasis of Social Enterprise in Four Areas: Market (m),
Civil Society (cs), State (s), and International Aid (1) 190
Table 9.3 Ratings of the Socioeconomic Environments in Seven World
Regions and Countries x93
Table 9.4 Comparative Overview of Social Enterprise Models and Four
Socioeconomic Factors for Seven World Regions and Countries 196