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Social Determinants of Immigrant Selection: The United States, Canada, And Australia (The New Americans: Recent Immigration and American Society) PDF

184 Pages·2006·0.77 MB·English
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Preview Social Determinants of Immigrant Selection: The United States, Canada, And Australia (The New Americans: Recent Immigration and American Society)

The New Americans Recent Immigration and American Society Edited by Steven J. Gold and Rubén G. Rumbaut A Series from LFB Scholarly This page intentionally left blank Social Determinants of Immigrant Selection The United States, Canada, and Australia Yukio Kawano LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC New York 2006 Copyright © 2006 by LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kawano, Yukio, 1968- Social determinants of immigrant selection : the United States, Canada, and Australia / Yukio Kawano. p. cm. -- (The new Americans) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-59332-135-X (alk. paper) 1. Emigration and immigration--United States--Mathematical models. 2. Emigration and immigration--Canada--Mathematical models. 3. Emigration and immigration--Australia--Mathematical models. 4. Immigrants--United States--Statistics. 5. Immigrants--Canada-- Statistics. 6. Immigrants--Australia--Statistics. 7. Vocational qualifications--United States--Statistics. 8. Vocational qualifications-- Canada--Statistics. 9. Vocational qualifications--Australia--Statistics. I. Title. II. Series: New Americans (LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC) JV6201.K39 2006 331.6'2--dc22 2006014618 ISBN 1-59332-135-X Printed on acid-free 250-year-life paper. Manufactured in the United States of America. Contents List of Tables.......................................................................................vii List of Figures.......................................................................................ix Acknowledgements...............................................................................xi Introduction............................................................................................1 Economic and Social Selection............................................................11 Immigration History and Policy...........................................................47 Modeling Immigration Processes.........................................................75 Determinants of Immigrant Skills......................................................101 Immigrant Selection in a New Context..............................................143 Appendix .........................................................................................151 Bibliography......................................................................................155 Index ...........................................................................................169 v This page intentionally left blank List of Tables Table 1-1: Population and Immigration in the Three Countries............5 Table 1-2: Education and Earning by Nativity, 1980s and 1990s..........6 Table 3-1: Admission to the U.S. by Classes, 1989-2000....................66 Table 3-2: Planned and Actual Immigration to Canada, 1979-2000....67 Table 3-3: Immigration to Canada by Entry Category, 1984-2000......69 Table 4-1: List of Four Model Settings and Units...............................79 Table 4-2: Estimated Relative Earnings by Entry Cohorts..................86 Table 4-3: Standardized Education Differentials by Entry Cohorts.....89 Table 5-1: National Origin Characteristics of U.S. Immigrants.........102 Table 5-2: U.S. Variables...................................................................104 Table 5-3: Ethnic Group Variables....................................................105 Table 5-4: Regression of Relative Earnings – Base Model................108 Table 5-5: Regression of Relative Earnings at U.S. National Level..110 Table 5-6: Regression of Education at U.S. National Level..............114 Table 5-7: Number of MSA Entry Group for Each National Origin.116 Table 5-8: Regression of Earnings at MSA Level – Base Model......117 Table 5-9: Regression of Earnings at MSA Level.............................118 Table 5-10: Regression of Education at MSA Level.........................122 Table 5-11: Relative Earnings of Immigrant Cohorts by Continent..126 Table 5-12: Relative Education of Immigrant Cohorts by Continent127 Table 5-13: Explanatory Variables by Five Continents.....................128 Table 5-14: Regression of Earnings by 5 Continents of Origin.........130 Table 5-15: Regression of Education by 5 Continents of Origin.......132 Table 5-16: Relative Earnings of Immigrants at National Level.......135 Table 5-17: Immigrants’ Education Relative to Natives’..................136 Table 5-18: Regression of Earnings by 3 Hosts and 5 Origins..........139 Table 5-19: Regression of Education by 3 Hosts and 5 Origins........141 vii This page intentionally left blank List of Figures Figure 2-1: Image of Immigrant Catch Up.................................19 Figure 2-2: Cohort Effects and the Cross-Section Age-Earnings Profile of Immigrants.........................................................21 Figure 2-3: Relative Wages of Immigrants Who Arrived When They were 25-34 Years Old...............................................23 Figure 2-4-a (Left): Mobility from Equal to Unequal Country..24 Figure 2-4-b (Right): Mobility from Unequal to Equal Country24 Figure 3-1: Historical Immigration Flow in the USA and Proportion to the Total Population, 1790 – 2000................54 Figure 3-2: Historical Immigration Flow and Proportion to the Total Population in Canada, 1867-2000.............................57 Figure 3-3: Historical Immigration Flow and Proportion to the Total Population in Australia..............................................60 Figure 3-4: Immigration to the United States by Regional Origin, 1901-2000 ..........................................................................64 Figure 3-5: Immigrant Stock in the U.S. 1900-2000..................65 Figure 3-6: Immigration to Canada by Regional Origin, 1956- 2000....................................................................................68 Figure 3-7: Foreign Born Residents in Canada 1981-1996........69 Figure 3-8: Immigration to Australia by Regional Origin 1945- 1999....................................................................................71 Figure 3-9: Foreign Born Residents in Australia 1901-2000.....72 Figure 4-1: Estimated Relative Wage Concept (Image).............84 ix

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