Social Cognition: Selected Works of Susan T. Fiske

283 Pages·2018·1.56 MB·English

by  Susan T. Fiske

Social Cognition
In the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts present career-
long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces—extracts from
books, key articles, salient research findings, and their major practical theoretical
cont ributions.
Susan T. Fiske has an international reputation as an eminent scholar and
pioneer in the field of social cognition. Throughout her distinguished career,
she has investigated how people make sense of other people, using shortcuts
that reveal prejudices and stereotypes. Her research in particular addresses how
these biases are encouraged or discouraged by social relationships, such as
cooperation, competition, and power. In 2013, she was elected to the National
Academy of Sciences, and, in 2011, to the British Academy. She has also won
several scientific honours, including the Guggenheim Fellowship, the APA
Disting uished Scientific Contributions Award, the APS William James Fellow
Award, as well as the European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations
Wundt–James Award and honorary degrees in Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain,
and Switzer land.
This collection of selected publications illustrates the foundations of modern
social cognition research and its development in the late twentieth and early
twenty-first century. In a specially written introductory chapter, Fiske traces
the key advances in social cognition throughout her career, and so this book
will be invaluable reading for students and researchers in social cognition, person
perception, and intergroup bias.
Susan T. Fiske is Eugene Higgins Professor, Psychology and Public Affairs,
at Princeton University.
World Library of Psychologists
The World Library of Psychologists series celebrates the important contributions
to psychology made by leading experts in their individual fields of study. Each
scholar has compiled a career-long collection of what they consider to be their
finest pieces: extracts from books, journals, articles, major theoretical and
practical contributions, and salient research findings.
For the first time ever, the work of each contributor is presented in a single
volume so readers can follow the themes and progress of their work and identify
the contributions made to, and the development of, the fields themselves.
Each book in the series features a specially written introduction by the contri -
butor giving an overview of their career, contextualizing their selection within
the development of the field, and showing how their thinking developed over
time.
Discovering the Social Mind
Selected Works of Christopher D. Frith
By Christopher D. Frith
Towards a Deeper Understanding of Consciousness
Selected Works of Max Velmans
By Max Velmans
Thinking Developmentally from Constructivism to Neuroconstructivism
Selected Works of Annette Karmiloff-Smith
By Annette Karmiloff-Smith
Acquired Language Disorders in Adulthood and Childhood
Selected Works of Elaine Funnell
Edited by Nicola Pitchford, Andrew W. Ellis
Exploring Working Memory
Selected Works of Alan Baddeley
By Alan Baddeley
Social Cognition
Selected Works of Susan T. Fiske
By Susan T. Fiske
Social Cognition
Selected Works of Susan T. Fiske
Susan T. Fiske
First published 2018
by Routledge
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and by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2018 Susan T. Fiske
The right of Susan T. Fiske to be identified as author of this work has been
asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Acatalog record for this title has been requested
ISBN: 978-1-138-73433-3
ISBN: 978-1-315-18728-0
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Contents
Acknowledgements vii
1 Not your grandparents’ social cognition: A family letter
about progress through crisis 1
SUSAN T. FISKE
PART I
Cognitive misers: The origins of social cognition 13
2 Attention and weight in person perception: The impact
of negative and extreme behavior (1980) 15
SUSAN T. FISKE
3 The continuum model: Ten years later (1999) 41
SUSAN T. FISKE, MONICA LIN, AND STEVEN L. NEUBERG
4 Social science research on trial: Use of sex stereotyping
research in Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins (1991) 76
SUSAN T. FISKE, DONALD N. BERSOFF, EUGENE BORGIDA,
KAY DEAUX, AND MADELINE E. HEILMAN
PART II
Second wave: Motivated tacticians’ thinking is for doing 99
5 Controlling other people: The impact of power on
stereotyping (1993) 101
SUSAN T. FISKE
6 The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile
and benevolent sexism (1996) 116
PETER GLICK AND SUSAN T. FISKE
vi Contents
PART III
Twenty-first-century activated actors: Social brain
and social mind 161
7 A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence
and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and
competition (2002) 163
SUSAN T. FISKE, AMY J. C. CUDDY, PETER GLICK, AND JUN XU
8 Dehumanizing the lowest of the low: Neuroimaging responses
to extreme out-groups (2006) 215
LASANA T. HARRIS AND SUSAN T. FISKE
PART IV
Inequality enablers: Social cognition and social relevance 227
9 A prescriptive intergenerational-tension ageism scale:
Succession, identity, and consumption (SIC) (2013) 229
MICHAEL S. NORTH AND SUSAN T. FISKE
10 Nations’ income inequality predicts ambivalence in stereotype
content: How societies mind the gap (2013) 246
FEDERICA DURANTE, SUSAN T. FISKE, NICOLAS KERVYN,
AMY J. C. CUDDY, ADEBOWALE (DEBO) AKANDE, BOLANLE E.
ADETOUN, MODUPE F. ADEWUYI, MAGDELINE M. TSERERE,
ANANTHI AL RAMIAH, KHAIRUL ANWAR MASTOR, FIONA
KATE BARLOW, GREGORY BONN, ROMIN W. TAFARODI,
JANINE BOSAK, ED CAIRNS, CLAIRE DOHERTY, DORA
CAPOZZA, ANJANA CHANDRAN, XENIA CHRYSSOCHOOU,
TILEMACHOS IATRIDIS, JUAN MANUEL CONTRERAS, RUI
COSTA-LOPES, ROBERTO GONZALEZ, JANET I. LEWIS, GERALD
TUSHABE, JACQUES-PHILIPPE LEYENS, RENEE MAYORGA,
NADIM N. ROUHANA, VANESSA SMITH CASTRO, ROLANDO
PEREZ, ROSA RODRIGUEZ-BAILON, MIGUEL MOYA, ELENA
MORALES MARENTE, MARISOL PALACIOS GALVEZ, CHRIS G.
SIBLEY, FRANK ASBROCK, AND CHIARA C. STORARI
Index 269
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Guilford Publications for permission to include the
following:
Fiske, S. T., Lin, M. H., & Neuberg, S. L. (1999). The continuum model:
Ten years later. In S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.) Dual process theories in
social psychology (pp. 231–54). New York: Guilford.
I would like to thank John Wiley & Sons for permission to include the
following:
Durante, F., Fiske, S. T., Kervyn, N., Cuddy, A. J. C., Akande, A.,
Adetoun, B. E., Adewuyi, M. F., Tserere, M. M., Al Ramiah, A., Mastor,
K. A., Barlow, F. K., Bonn, G., Tafarodi, R. W., Bosak, J., Cairns, E.,
Doherty, C., Capozza, D., Chandran, A., Chryssochoou, X., Iatridis, T.,
Contreras, J. M., Costa-Lopes, R., González, R., Lewis, J. I., Tushabe,
G., Leyens, J.-Ph., Mayorga, R., Rouhana, N. N., Smith Castro, V., Perez,
R., Rodríguez-Bailón, R., Moya, M., Morales Marente, E., Palacios
Gálvez, M., Sibley, C. G., Asbrock, F., & Storari, C. C. (2013). Nations’
income inequality predicts ambivalence in stereotype content: How
societies mind the gap. British Journal of Social Psychology, 52, 726–746.
I would like to thank the American Psychological Association for permission
to include the following:
Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often
mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow
from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 82, 878–902.
Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Dif-
ferentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 70, 491–512.
Fiske, S. T. (1993). Controlling other people: The impact of power on
stereotyping. American Psychologist, 48, 621–628.
viii Acknowledgements
Fiske, S. T., Bersoff, D. N., Borgida, E., Deaux, K., & Heilman, M. E.
(1991). Social science research on trial: Use of sex stereotyping research
in Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins. American Psychologist, 46, 1049–1060.
Fiske, S. T. (1980). Attention and weight in person perception: The impact
of negative and extreme behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
38, 889–906.
North, M. S., & Fiske, S. T. (2013). A prescriptive intergenerational-tension
ageism scale: Succession, identity, and consumption (SIC). Psychological
Assess ment, 25(3), 706–713.
I would like to thank Sage Publishing for permission to include the following:
Harris, L. T., & Fiske, S. T. (2006). Dehumanizing the lowest of the
low: Neuroimaging responses to extreme out-groups. Psychological Science,
17, 847–853.
1 Not your grandparents’
social cognition
A family letter about progress
through crisis
Susan T. Fiske
Widely acknowledged as the founders of psychological science, Wilhelm
Wundt and William James might also qualify as ancestors to social cognition
researchers. Among other themes, Wundt (1897) viewed humans as motivated,
thinking subjects, and James (1913) viewed humans as pragmatic thinkers for
action. In those broad senses, they are our intellectual forebears. Social cognition
research has deep roots.
William James summered in the cool mountains of Chocorua, New Hamp-
shire, in a rambling brown house. So did my great-grandmother, Mary
Hutchinson Page, except her house was rambling and white. Family legend and
the National Historic Register claim that she and her friends ‘frequently walked
up [the hill] to enjoy the sunsets, where they had lively discus sions about
suffragettes, religion, prohibition, and living simply’ (Bowditch, 2005). One of
those friends was William James, with whom she discussed her spiritual
experiences, according to family legend. My great-grandmother was also a seri -
ous suffragist, as was her daughter. This is all to say that my family connection
to psychological research (and to social issues) goes back some generations.
Family tradition inspired this essay’s framework, a letter to my social psycho -
logist daughter, Lydia Fiske Emery, about the psychological concerns of her
forebears and of her own generation. The essay illustrates an intellectual history
of social cognition research, using my selected work, but with visits from Lydia’s
forebears.
Crisis in replicability, relevance, theory, methods
All sciences undergo both gradual and sudden change as a function of ongoing
discovery and self-correction. Sudden changes are harder to absorb. Crises in
the field challenge a fresh PhD to evaluate the state of the field and her potential
role in it. Just as now, in 1978, we had a crisis in social psychology, and the
issues overlapped the current ones (Fiske, 2017), including replicability,relevance,
theory, and methods.
These issues persist from the early crises of scientific psychology (Giner-
Sorolla, 2012). In his own time, Lydia’s grandfather, my father Donald Fiske,