Social assistance in developing countries PDF
Preview Social assistance in developing countries
Social Assistance in Developing Countries Therapidspreadoflarge-scaleandinnovativesocialtransfersinthedevel- oping world has made a key contribution to the significant reduction in globalpovertyoverthelastdecade.Explaininghowflagshipanti-poverty programmesemerged,thisbookprovidesthefirstcomprehensiveaccount oftheglobalgrowthofsocialassistancetransfersindevelopingcountries. Armando Barrientos begins by focusing on the ethical and conceptual foundations of social assistance, and he discusses the justifications for assisting those in poverty. He provides a primer on poverty analysis, and introduces readers to the theory of optimal transfers. He then shifts the focus to practice, and introduces a classification of social assistance pro- grammestohelpreadersunderstandthediversityinapproachesanddesign indevelopingcountries.Thebookconcludeswithananalysisofthefinan- cing and politics of the emerging institutions and of their potential to addressglobalpoverty. armandobarrientosisProfessorandResearchDirectorattheBrooks World Poverty Institute at the University of Manchester. His research interests focus on the linkages between welfare programmes and labour markets in developing countries, and on policies addressing poverty, vul- nerability and population ageing. His most recent books are Just Give Moneytothe Poor:TheDevelopmentRevolution fromthe GlobalSouth (2010, with Joseph Hanlon and David Hulme), Demographics, Employment and Old Age Security: Emerging Trends and Challenges in SouthAsia(2010,editedwithMoneerAlam)andSocialProtectionforthe PoorandPoorest:Concepts,PoliciesandPolitics(2008,editedwithDavid Hulme). Social Assistance in Developing Countries armando barrientos BWPI,UniversityofManchester UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107039025 ©ArmandoBarrientos2013 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2013 PrintedandboundintheUnitedKingdombytheMPGBooksGroup AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata Barrientos,Armando. Socialassistanceindevelopingcountries/ArmandoBarrientos,BWPI,Universityof Manchester. pages cm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindexes. 1. Transferpayments–Developingcountries. 2. Publicwelfare–Developing countries. 3. Poverty–Developingcountries. I. Title. HC59.72.P63B37 2013 362.5082091724–dc23 2013010586 ISBN978-1-107-03902-5Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication, anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. For MichaelBrecker(1949–2007) ZimNgqawana(1959–2011) Contents Listoffigures pagex Listoftables xi Acknowledgements xii PartI Introduction 1 1 Theemergenceofsocialassistanceindevelopingcountries 3 Whatisnew? 4 Whysocialassistance? 7 Whynow? 11 Whattoexpectfromanti-povertytransfers? 12 Theendgame:institutionbuildingandpovertyeradication 14 Breakingnewground 15 Structureofthebook 17 PartII Foundations 23 2 Ethicalfoundations 25 Justificationsforassistingthoseinpoverty 26 Individualmoralityandassistance 26 Assistancewithinapoliticalconceptionofjustice 29 Thevalueandlimitsofassistance 34 Priority 34 Sufficiency 39 Sufficiencyandpriority 41 Theethicalfoundationsofassistingthoseinpoverty 43 3 Povertyconceptsandmeasuresforsocialassistance 45 Whatispoverty? 46 Measuringpoverty:howmuchpovertyisin...? 48 Well-beingindicatorsandthresholds 49 Identificationandaggregation 51 Commonlyusedpovertyindexes 53 vii viii Contents TheFoster–Greer–Thorbeckemeasure 54 TheWattsmeasure 54 TheSenmeasure 55 Multidimensionalindexes 56 Axiomsanddominance 57 Povertydynamicsandvulnerability 60 Globalpoverty? 62 Conclusions 63 AdditionalnotesA3 64 4 Optimalanti-povertytransfers 71 Optimalallocationofalimitedanti-povertybudget 73 Incomemaintenancetransfers 77 Taxpayers’preferencesandgovernmentanti-povertypolicy 78 Classification 81 Workincentives 87 Generosity 88 Welfaristapproachestooptimaltransfers 90 Conclusions 95 PartIII Practice 97 5 Anti-povertytransfersinpractice 99 Socialassistanceindevelopedanddevelopingcountries 100 Typologyofanti-povertytransferprogrammes indevelopingcountries 106 Programmeobjectives 110 Beneficiaryselection 113 Transfermodalities 116 Co-responsibilityandconditions 121 Durationandexit 125 Conclusions 127 6 Incidence,implementationandimpact 130 Incidence 131 Measuringerrorsinselection 132 Aprocessapproach 137 Implementation 141 Verticalandhorizontalcoordination 141 Information 143 Impact 145 Impactonpoverty 147 Impactonconsumption 149 Contents ix Impactonproductivecapacity 151 Long-termeffectsoftransfers? 154 Laboursupplyeffects 155 Conclusions 159 AdditionalnotesA6 160 7 Budgets,financeandpolitics 165 Socialassistancebudgets 167 Socialassistanceexpenditureindevelopingcountries 168 Needsassessmentsofsocialassistanceexpenditure 172 Financinganti-povertytransfers 176 Therevenuemobilisationapproachanditsdrawbacks 176 Financingmixandtrends 178 Thefinancingmixandsocialassistance 181 Incentives 185 Legitimacy 191 Conclusions 196 PartIV Conclusion 199 8 Thefutureofsocialassistanceindevelopingcountries 201 Mainchallengesahead 202 Evolutionofsocialassistance 209 Povertyresearchandsocialassistance 210 Evolutioninprogrammedesign 213 Primacyofnationalgovernments 215 Linkingtaxesandtransfers 216 Socialcontracts 218 Tenfindings 219 References 224 Index 250
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