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social assistance as a poverty alleviation strategy PDF

144 Pages·2011·1.45 MB·English
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SOCIAL ASSISTANCE AS A POVERTY ALLEVIATION STRATEGY; CASE OF ALTINDAĞ SOCIAL ASSISTANCE AND SOLIDARITY FOUNDATION A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY AYDIN APAYDIN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN SOCIAL POLICY SEPTEMBER 2011 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences _______________ Prof. Dr.Meliha Altunışık Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. _______________ Assist.Prof. Dr. Fatma Umut Beşpınar Akgüner Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. _______________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sibel Kalaycıoglu Supervisor Examining Committee Members Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sibel Kalaycıoglu (METU, SOC) _______________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Helga Rittersberger-Tılıç (METU, SOC) _______________ Assoc.Prof.Dr. Ayşe Gündüz Hoşgör (METU, SOC) _______________ I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Aydın Apaydın Signature: iii ABSTRACT SOCIAL ASSISTANCE AS A POVERTY ALLEVIATION STRATEGY; CASE OF ALTINDAĞ SOCIAL ASSISTANCE AND SOLIDARITY FOUNDATION Apaydın, Aydın Master of Science in Social Policy Supervisor: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Sibel Kalaycıoğlu September 2011, 130 pages Through the globalization of economy, alleviating poverty has become one of the pivotal issues within social policy arrangement agendas for many countries all over the world. One of the primary and rifest instruments of the alleviation process is social assistance programs. It is an apodictic fact that the proportion of social assistance disbursements within general budgets of the states have been gradually increasing during the recent years. This situation is also true for Turkey. In this context, to what extent citizens steer away from poverty as the result of all these assistances and to what extent social assistance programs are effective on reproduction of poverty becomes a major question. . The basic objective of this study is to search for and understand the impact of social assistances provided by the state in Turkey on behalf of reducing the poverty conditions of the beneficiaries. The study is based upon a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with beneficiaries of Altındağ Social Assistance and Solidarity Foundation in Ankara, Turkey. As a result of the study, it is observed that even though distributed assistances are found insufficient by beneficiaries, they have some significant impacts on reduction of poverty. It is understood that the distribution process itself reveals some key problems of the social assistance program of the state such as inefficient defition of poverty and the poor and creating a feeling of dependency for the beneficiaries. The socio-economic factors creating poverty of the beneficiaries are not well defined in Turkey. . In line with this finding one striking inference is that the assistances may iv cause a kind of culture of poverty for a group of beneficiaries. Besides, assistance may have more impact on women’s poverty as the women beneficiaries have a higher tendency to identify social assistance as a vital part of their survival while men beneficiaries identify social assistance as support to family. In terms of cash and /or goods transfers the beneficiaries identified transfers of coal, food and cash as very effective and essential for their survival, though the amount especially of cash transfers was less than required. All in all, as a concrete policy suggestion social assistance programs in both cash and in goods are effective for the reduction of poverty of the poor groups however it is not a total solution to create a take-off effect for the beneficiaries out of their poverty condition. The thesis suggests that social assistance programs should be improved in terms of accessibility and defition of poverty and the poor. Keywords: Social Assistance, Poverty, Poverty Alleviation, Social Assistance and Solidarity Foundation v ÖZ YOKSULLUKLA MÜCADELE STRATEJİSİ OLARAK SOSYAL YARDIMLAR; ALTINDAĞ SOSYAL YARDIMLAŞMA VE DAYANIŞMA VAKFI ÖRNEĞİ Apaydın, Aydın Yüksek Lisans, Sosyal Politika Anabilim Dalı Tez Yöneticisi : Doç. Dr. Sibel Kalaycıoğlu Eylül 2011, 130 sayfa Küreselleşen ekonomiyle birlikte yoksullukla mücadele dünya devletlerin sosyal politikalarında önemli bir yere gelmiştir. Bu mücadelenin ana araçlarından birisi de sosyal yardımlardır. Son yıllarda sosyal yardım harcamalarının ülkelerin bütçesindeki yeri giderek artmaktadır. Bu durum Türkiye için de geçerlidir. Yapılan desteklerin sonucunda bireylerin yoksulluktan ne derece uzaklaştıkları ve bu programların yoksullukla mücadelede ne derece etkili oldukları bu bağlamda önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de devlet tarafından sağlanan sosyal yardımların, yararlanıcıların yoksullukları üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak ve anlamaya çalışmaktır. Araştırma, Altındağ Sosyal Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışma Vakfında yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelere dayanmaktadır. Araştırmanın sonucu olarak, yapılan yardımların yararlanıcılar tarafından eksik olarak tanımlanmasına rağmen, yoksulluk üzerinde bazı önemli etkileri olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Dağıtım sürecinin kendisinin devletin sosyal yardım programınında yoksulluk ve yoksul tanımlarındaki yetersizlikler ve yararlanıcılar üzerinde yarattığı bağımlılık etkisi gibi çok önemli problemleri ortaya çıkardığı anlaşılmıştır. Türkiye’de yararlanıcıların yoksulluğuna neden olan sosyo-ekonomik faktörler iyi açıklanmamıştır. Bu bulguya parallel olarak bir diğer bulguda bu tür desteklerin bazı yararlanıcılarda bir çeşit yoksulluk kültürü oluşturabildiğidir. Bunun yanısıra destekler kadın yoksulluğu üzerinde daha etkilidir. Kadın yararlanıcılar desteklere yaşamları için çok gerekli bir unsure olarak bakarken, erkek yararlanıcılar sosyal destekleri aileye katkı olarak anlamlandırmaktadırlar. Mal ve/ veya nakit para transferlerine ilişkin olarak yararlanıcıların görüşleri bu transferlerin, özellikle kömür, gıda ve nakit transferlerinin, yaşamlarını sürdürmede çok etkili ve gerekli olduğudur. Öte yandan, özellikle nakit transferlerin miktarı gereksimlerine vi yetmemektedir. Bütün bu bulgular sonucunda somut bir sosyal politika önerisi olarak hem nakit hem de ayni desteklerin yoksul gruplardaki yoksulluğun azaltılmasında etkili olduğu ancak yararlanıcıları yoksulluk konumundan kurtaracak bir kalkınmayı sağlayabilecek bir çözüm olmadığı söylenebilir. Tezde sosyal yardım programlarının ulaşılabilirlik ve yoksulluk ve yoksul tanımlarının geliştirilmesi açısından iyileştirilmesi gerektiği önerilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sosyal Yardım, Yoksulluk, Yoksullukla Mücadele, Sosyal Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışma Vakfı vii Dedicated to my family... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis owes its existence to many people’s academic and emotional contributions. First of all, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my supervisor Assoc.Prof. Dr. Sibel Kalaycioglu for her inestimable guidance and encouragement throughout all stages of the study. She always motivated me with her endless excitement for going further. I also express my sincere thanks to the examining committee members, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayse Gunduz Hosgor and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Helga Rittersberger-Tılıc for their stimulating criticisms and suggestions. I owe a very special thank and gratitude to my dearest companion, İpek Çamlı, for her ceaseless emotional support and irreplaceable academic insights throughout the process. She is the one who always made me feel optimistic and hopeful about the future of the study with her great modesty and patience. Finally, I would like to express my sincere gratefulness to my precious family who always made this life worth living for me with their immeasurable love and trust. I would never be able to honor my debt in reply to their existence. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS PLAGIARISM............................................................................................................iii ABSTRACT................................................................................................................iv ÖZ...............................................................................................................................vi DEDICATION...........................................................................................................viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.........................................................................................ix TABLE OF CONTENTS..............................................................................................x LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................xiv CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................1 2. RESEARCH AND METHOD..........................................................................5 2. 1. Research Process and Method...................................................................5 2.1.1 Problem Statement.......................................................................5 2.1.2 Purpose.................................................................................…....5 2.1.3 Review of Literature...................................................….............5 2.1.4 Methodology................................................................................7 2.1.4.1 Study Setting.................................................................7 2.1.4.2 Research Design and Sampling Plan............................8 2.1.6 Limitations to the Study.............................................................10 2.2. Definition of Key terms...........................................................................11 2.2.1 Concept of Poverty..................................................................12 2.2.2 Social Protection......................................................................16 x

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may have more impact on women's poverty as the women beneficiaries have a programınında yoksulluk ve yoksul tanımlarındaki yetersizlikler ve reports of State Planning Organization (DPT), General Directorate of Social.
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