Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy, Volume 2: Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis, Lower Limb PDF
Preview Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy, Volume 2: Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis, Lower Limb
Aflaso f HumanA natomy Editedb y R.P utza ndR .P abst inc ollaboratiwointh R enatPeu tz 13thr,e viseEdd ition TranslatbeydD r.M .L utzK, .K opsieker Witht hea ssistanocfe M ichaeBlu dowicSka, raDh ietz, Dr.D orotheHae nnessen 768c olourepdla tes 76t ables URBAN& FISCHERMunic.h J ena Addresseso f the editors: This atlas was founded by Iohannes Sobottaf , former Professoro f Anatomy ProfessorD r. med. R. Putz and Director of the Anatomical Institute of the University of Bonn, Germany. Vorstandd es AnatomischenI nstituts Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat PettenkoferstraBe1I German Editions: 80336 Mtinchen, Germany 1. Edition: 1904-7907I . F. LehmannsV erlag,M unich 2.-11.E dition:1 913-19441F. LehmannsV erlag,M unich frofessor Dr. med. R. Pabst Leiter der Abteilung fiir Funktionelle und 12.E dition: 1948a nd following editions Urban & SchwarzenbergM, unich 13.E dition:1 953 Angewandte Anatomie 14.E dition:1 956 MedizinischeH ochschule,H annover 15.E dition:1 957 Carl-Neuberg-StraBIe 16.E dition:1 967( ISBN3 -541{2816-5) 30625 Hannover.G ermanv 17.E dition:1 972( ISBN3 -541{2817-3) 18.E dition:1 982( ISBN3 -541-02818-1) 19.E dition:1 988( ISBN3 -541-02819-X) This atlas consistso f two volumes: 20. Edition:1 993f lSBN3 -541-1736GX) 21. Edition: 2000 (ISBN 3-437- 4194U41 Vol. 1: Head,n eck, upper limb Vol. 2: Thorax, abdomen,p elvis, lower limb Foreign Editions: Arabic Edition Translation: Dr.M . Lutz Modern TechnicalC enter,D amascus K.K opsieker ChineseE dition Editorial staffat Dr. med. DorotheaH ennessen HoChi Book Publishing,T aiwan Urban & Fischer: AlexanderG attnarzik CroatianE dition Producer: RenateH ausdorf Naklada Slap,J astrebarsko Coverd esign: CarctenT schirner Coverillustration: MichaelBudowick Dutch Edition Bohn Stafleu van Loghum,H outen English Edition (with nomenclaturei n English) Lea& Febiger previous English Edition (with nomenclaturei n Latin) Urban & SchwarzenbergM, unich French Edition Atlas dAnatomie Humaine Tec& Doc Lavoisier,P aris Greek Edition GregoryP arissianosA, thens Hungarian Edition az ember anat6miiijiinaka tlasza SemmelweisK iad6 IndonesianE dition Nomenclaturei n Latin Atlas Anatomi Manusia Vol. 1 Head,N eck, Upper Limb. - l3th Engl. ed. - 2001 PenerbitB uku KedokteranE GC.I akarta Vol. 2 Thorax, Abdomen,P elvis,L ower Limb. - 13th Enel. ed. - 2001 Italian Edition Atlante di AnatomiaU mana UTEI Torino IapaneseE dition Igaku Shoin Ltd., Tokyo KoreanE dition Panmun Book Company,S eoul Polish Edition Atlas anatomii cztowieka Urban & Partner PortugueseE dition (with nomenclaturei n Portuguese) Atlas de AnatomieH umana Editoria GuanabaraK oogan,R io de Ianeiro All rights, including that of translation, reserved.N o part of this publication PortugueseE dition (with nomenclaturei n Latin) may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any other Atlas de AnatomieH umana form or by any means,e lectronic,m echanical,r ecording,o r otherwisew ithout Editoria GuanabaraK oogan,R io de Ianeiro the prior written permission of the publisher. SpanishE dition Atlas de Anatomia Humana Typesetting:T ypodata,M unich Editorial Medica PanamericanaB, uenosA ires/Madrid Reproduction:T ypodata,M unich Turkish Edition Printed in Germanyb y Appl, Wemding Insan Anatomisi Atlasi @ Urban & Fischer 2001 Beta Basim Yayim Dagitim, Istanbul Up-tGdatei nformation you find under: Urban & Fischer:h ttp://wwwurbanfischer.de Preface Following the extremely good illustrations in the last edition of R.P abst:H ead,n eck, thoracicw all, abdominalw all, thorax, the Atlas which was brought into being by I. Sobottai n 1903,t he abdomenP, elvis. editorsa nd publishersa skedt hemselvesw hat could be improved upon in such a classic work. It became clear from the many The followinga rtists havee arnedo ur thanks for the many new letters and discussionsw ith students and colleaguest hat the drawingsw hich they have producedin their alreadyp roven concepto bviously still fits into the panoramao f study, and that manner:U lrike BruggerR, tidiSeHr immelhanS, onjaK lebe,a nd the macroscopica natomy remains without question, together Horst RuB.I t is due to their effortst hat the tried and tested with other basic sciences,o ne of the fundaments of medicine. "sobottaS tyle"h asb eenm aintainedT.h ef reee lectronicp rocess- Although the Atlas is primarily directed at those studying pre- ing of thep hotographass w ella st hep roductiono f thep rintsw as clinical medicine, it has neverthelessa s "The Book for life as a carriedo ut by MichaelB udowickW. e are alsog ratefult o our doctor" all that is necessary to be a companion through the colleagueisn the variousc linicsw ho put the illustrationsa t our clinical studies and a reference book during working life. In disposaflo r this editiona sw ell (seeA cknowledgements). accordancew ith the most importan/urgent wishes, the new edition has a serieso f alterations. Wew ouldl ike to thank the colleaguefsr om the institutesw ho were involvedm ost sincerelyf or their understandinga nd for In the new edition we have the very importants timulus.D r. N. Sokolova nd A' Buchhorn - a total of 133 new illustrations drawn based on original preparedd issectionms eticulouslyto servea s a basisf or many dissections,e .g.t he series of sectionso f the brain and thorax, newi llustrationsS; .F ryk andG .H oppmanna ssistedu s with our - replacedt he black and white illustrations, wordp rocessing. - brought illustrations ofclinical applicationu p to date according to the developmento f the technique,e .g.e ndoscopyo r X-ray, Thee ditorsw ouldf inally like to thank explicitlyt he colleagues - introduced the schematico fjoint strain and of the editorialo ffice,e speciallyD r. DorotheaH ennessena nd - revisedt he tables of musclesc ompletely. A. Gattnarzik,w -hod espitee xternalt urbulencec onsistently accompanietdh e productiono f the new edition.T hep roduction As the secondi mportant goal we have improved the readability was lookeda fter in the initial stagesb y P. Mazzettia nd finally by carriedo ut with greatc ommitmenbt y R. HausdorfR. enateP utz - the introduction of conspiciousc oloursf or the chapters, was responsiblefo r the conversiono f the NominaA natomica - colour coding the labelling of topographici llustrations, and for the standardisatioonf the referenceas nd the texts'A - the consistent addition of orientation sketches to the cross speciatl hankst o all the peoplew ho devotedth emselvetso the sectionsa nd line of vision, nerve-rackingp roof readinga nd the putting togethero f the - the revision and new arrangement of the tried and tested index. If "Sobotta"is able to appearw ith new contentsa nd tables and by in new splendourt hen it is due to the entirely constructive - the introduction of small "wind mills" drawing your attention collaboratioonf all concernedW. ew oulda lsol ike to thank our t0 the surrounding illustrations. familiesf or their understandinogf the lack 0f time we had for them. Of course, the new nomenclature (Terminologia Anatomica), which has been valid since October1 998,h as been included.T he Many innovationsin this atlas are basedo n the critic and glossarya ids th0se interestedi n the backgroundo f our specialist suggestionsm ade by studentsa nd colleaguesT. he editors languagc. werea nd are extremelyt hankfulf or thesea nd would ask the userso f this edition not to shy awayf rom sendingu s their The division of the revision of the chapters, apart from the comments. common discussionso ver the concepta nd the mutual correction, was retained and is as follows: R. Putz: General anatomy upper limb, brain, eye, ear, back, Municha ndH annoverS, eptembe1r9 99 lower limb: R.P utza ndR .P abst Contents( volume)l Generalt erms of direction and position in the body VII Cranial Cavity,C avitasc ranii, and Dura Mater Referencesto the colouredi llustration of the Brain, Dura mater cranialis 258-259 plates . VII Vesselso f the Head 260-266 Acknowledgemen.t.s. VIII Nerveso f the Brain, Nervi craniales 267-2 77 Dura Mater of the Brain, Dura mater cranialis,a nd ArachnoidA,r achnoidemaa tercranialis.. ....... 278-281 Vesselso f the Brain 282-285 Brain,C erebrum. ... 286-293 Diencephalon 294-295 Parts and Regionso f the Body 1- 5 Midbrain,M esencephalo.n, ... 296-298 PassiveL ocomotoSr ystem 6-10 Brain Stem,T runcus encephali 299-300 Active LocomotorS ystem 1l-12 Nuclei of the Cranial Nerves . 301 Digestivea nd RespiratoryS ystem 13 Cerebellum 302-305 UrinaryTractandGenitalOrgans...... 14 Ventricular Systema nd SubarachnoidS pace 306-315 EndocrineS ystem 15 DeepV esselso f the Brain 316-317 VascularS ystem 16-21 Fornix . 3lB-319 SurfaceP rojectiono f the InternalO rgans 22-23 Associationa nd CommissuralF ibres 320 Central and PeripheralN ervousS ystem 24-27 Internal Capsule,C apsulai nterna, PyramidalT ract, Skin and Appendages 28-29 Tractus pyramidalis,a nd BasalN uclei . 321-323 Frontal Sectionso f the Brain 324-327 Horizontal Sectionso f the Brain 328-334 Head,C aput, and Neck, Collum 30-r 6 3 SagittalS ectionso f the Brain 335-338 Magnet ResonanceT omographyS ectionso f the Regionso f the Head and Neck, Regiones Brain. . .. 339-340 capitis et colli . . . 30-31 SpinalCord,Medullaspinalis ...... 341-3 55 Skull, Ossac ranii, and TemporomandibularI oint, Articulatio temporomandibularis 32-71 Muscles,V esselsa nd Nerveso f the Head 72-88 Eye,O rganuvmis us. ..... 356-380 Nose,N asuse xternus,a nd NasalC avity, Cavitasn asi .. 89-91 EyelidP, alpebraea,n dO rbitalC avityO, rbita. 356-360 ParanasaSl inusesS, inusp aranasales. . 92-94 LacrimaAl pparatus 361 Oral Cavity,C avitaso ris . . . 95-96 ExtraocularMuscMleuss, culbi ulbi .. ...... 362-365 Maxilla and Mandible,M andibula 97- 98 EyebalBl, ulbuso culi 366 Teeth,D entes 99- 106 Vesselos f theE ye 367 Palate,P alatum t07 Iris andP upil. . 368 Tongue,L ingua . l0B-1 12 Lensea ndO culaFr undusF, unduso culi . . . . . 368-371 SuprahyoidM uscles,M m. suprahyoidei, OpticNerve,N.opticus .... 372-373 and Hyoid Bone,O s hyoideum 113 VisuaPl athwa.y. ... 374-375 LargeS alivaryG lands,G landulaes alivariae MusclesV, esselas ndN erveso f the Orbital maJores 114-117 Cavity. 376-379 Arteries and Nerveso f the Tonguea nd Palate t1B Sectionos f the OrbitalC avity . 380 Baseo f the Skull,B asisc ranii ll9 Vesselsa nd Nerveso f the Tongue 120-l2l Frontal Sectionso f the Head 122-123 Larynx 124-133 Overview 381 Thyroid Gland,G landulat hyroidea 134-1 35 Auricre .::::::::::.:.::::::::.. 3Bz Pharynx 136-1 40 Muscles,V esselsa nd Nerveso f the Neck 141- 1 59 AuricularM usclesM, usculia uriculares 383 ExternaAl cousticM eatusM, eatusa custicues xternus, Sectionso f the Head and Neck 160-1 63 andT ympanicM embraneM, embranaty mpani. . . . 384 AuditoryO ssiclesO, ssiculaa uditoria 385-386 TympanicC avityC, avitasty mpani . . 387-389 AuditoryTube,Tubaauditiva ...... 390-391 InternalE ar,A urisi nterna . . 392-396 Auditorya ndV estibulaPr athways 397 TemporaBl oneO, st emporale 398 SurfaceA natomy 164 NervesoflnternalEar ...... 399-400 BonesI,o intsL, igaments 165-1 85 Muscleso f the UpperL imb . 186-222 VesselsandNervesoftheUpper.L.i mb .... 223-250 Appendix 401-417 CrossS ectionos f the UpperL imb . . 251- 256 Areaso f Distributiono f the CervicaPl lexusa nd Index.. 401-417 the BrachiaPl lexus. 25a Contents( vrlumIcI) PleuraCl avityC, avitapsl euralisa,n d Generalt ermso f directiona nd positioni n Mediastinum 1141- 15 the body VII Aorta. . 116-117 Referencetost hecoloureidll ustratiopnl ates. ...... VII PosterioMr ediastinum ll8-119 Acknowledeements... VIII AutonomNice rvouSsy stem,Paarust onomica....... 120-l2l Sectiontsh rought heT horax 122-131 Back t47 SurfaceA natomy 1 VertebralC olumn,C olumnav ertebralis 2-26 StomachG,a ste.r 132-1 36 Muscleso f the Back,M m. dorsi,M uscleso f the Nape SmalIl ntestineIn, testinumte nue. 137-139 of the Neck,M m. suboccipitalesa,n d NeckM uscles, Colon.. 140-141 Mm. colli 27- 40 LiveqH eparG, allbladdeVr,e sicab iliaris,a nd Sectionsth rought he VertebralC olumn 4l BiliaryD ucts 142-149 Vesselsa nd Nerveso f the Backa nd of the Occipital Pancreas 150-152 Region. .. 42-45 SpleenS, plen[ Lien] 153 Vesselsa nd Nerveso f the VertebralC anal. 46-47 PeritoneaCl avityC, avitasp eritonealisD, evelopmen. t 154-1 55 Positiono f theA bdominaVl isceraS, itusv iscerum . . 156-167 Truncusc oeliacuasn dA a.& Vv.m esentericae Thoracica ndA bdominalW alls . 48-75 superiora ndi nferior 168-177 Portalv ein,V .p ortae 178-179 SurfaceA natomy 48 KidneyR, en[ Nephros] 180-186 Ribs,C ostae 49-50 SuprarenGall andG, landulsau prarenali.s.. ....... 187 Sternum .. 51-52 UrinaryBladder,Vesicaurinaria..... 187-188 ThoracicC age,C aveat horacis 53 MaleU rogenitaOl rgans 189-1 93 MammaryGland,Mamma ... 54-55 FemaleU rogenitaOl rgans 194-204 Vesselsa nd Nerveso f the Thoracica nd Abdominal Rectum ... 205-207 Walls. . 56 A. renalis 208 SegmentaSl ensoryI nnervation 57 Vesselasn dN erveso ftheR etroperitoneSapla ce. ... 209-221 Muscleso f the Thorax,M m. thoracis,a nd Abdominal Pelvisa ndP erineumE, xteriorM alea ndF emale Muscles,M m. abdominis 5B-66 GenitaOl rgans ... 222-239 InguinaCl analC, analiisn guinalis .. 67 Sectiontsh rousht he Abdomena ndP elvis 240-261 DiaphragmD,i aphragma 68-70 LumbosacrPalle xusP, lexuslu mbosacral.is 71 AnterioAr bdominaWl all 72-73 Sectiontsh rouehth eA bdominaWl all . 74-75 SurfacAe natomy 262 Thorax 76-131 BonesI,o intsa ndL igaments 263-307 Muscleos f theL owerL imb . 308-347 HeartC, or .. 76-91 BloodV esselas ndN erves . . . 348-378 Trachea 92-93 Sectiontsh rought he LowerL imb . . 379-386 LungsP, ulmone.s.. . 94-102 Distributiono f the Nerveso f the Plexus OutlineS ilhouettoef the Heart 103 lumbosacralis .... 387-388 Projectiono f theT racheaa ndB orderso f the Lungs andP leura 104-105 Appendix 389-405 Oesophagus 106-110 Thymus lll-113 Index.. .'..389-40 Generatle rmso f directiona ndp ositionin the body longitudinalis= running lengthways( e.g.M usculusl ongitudina- The following terms indicate the relative location of organs lis superioro f the tongue) and parts of the body to each other, partly without taking sagittalis= lying on a sagittalp lane into considerationt he position of the body in spacea s well transversali=s lying on a transversal,/transverpslea ne as the location and direction to the extremities.T his concept transversu=s ru nningt ransversel(ye .g .P rocessutsra nsversuosf is not only acceptable for human anatomy but also for the thoracicv ertebrae) practical medicine and the comparativea natomy. General terms Terms of direction and position for the extremities anterior - posterior = from the front - from the back (e.g. proximalis - dktalis = at the base of the extremity - at the end of Arteriae tibiales anterior et posterior) ventralis - dorsalis = lying ventral - dorsal the extremity (e.g. Articulationes radioulnares proximalis et superior- inferior = above- below (e.g . Conchaen asaless uperior distalis) et inferior) For the upper limbs: cranialis - caudalis = lying cranial - caudal radialis - ulnaris = relatinS to the radial - relating to the ulnar dexter - stnister= right - left (e.g. Arteriae iliacae communes side (e.g . Arteriae radialis et ulnaris) dextra et sinistra) internus - externus = internal - external For the hand: palmaris - dorsalis = relating to the palm - relating to the back of superficialis - profundus = superficial - deep the hand (e.g. Aponeurosis palmaris, Musculus interosseus medius, intermedius = lying in the middle between two other dorsalis) things (the Conchan asalis media lies in the middle between the Conchan asalis superior and inferior) For the lower limbs: medianus= lying on the middle line (Fissuram edianaa nterior of tibialis - fibularis = relating to the tibial side - relating to the the spinal cord).B y making a median sagittal sectiont he body fibular side (Arteria tibialis anterior) is dividedi nto two mirror images. medialis - Iateralis = lying towards the middle of the body, lying For the foot: towardst he side (e.g.F ossaei nguinalesm edialis et lateralis) plantaris - dorsalis = relating to the sole of the foot - relating to frontalis = relating to the plane of the forehead (frontal plane), the back of the foot (instep)( e.g . Arteriae plantaresl ateralise t (e.g.P rocessusf rontalis of the maxilla) medialis,A rteria dorsalisp edis) Referencetso the colouredil lustrationp lates The multi-colouredi llustrations of this book are basedo n didactic Thef ollowingp laten umbersin dicaten ewlyd evelopepdl atesa s observations:T he contrasts should be emphasized.W here it is well asd rawingsd uet o fundamentaclo rrections: difficult to differentiateb etweens tructures,t hey shouldb e made U. Brugger easily recognizable.T he colours used for the different kinds of 36-38,5 2,53,6 1,1 36,1 37,235-237,284,396-349380,, 4 31, tissue (such as tendons, cartilage, bone and muscles) and the 532- 534,5 37,5 39- 5 41,5 51,5 70 - 577 , 598 tracts (such as arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels,n erves) are M. Budowick different from those found in a living, dead or preservedb ody. 449,4 52,4 74,4 86,4 98,5 48 Here, arteries are red, veins are blue, nerves yellow, lymphatic R. Himmelhan vesselsa nd glands are generally representeda s green. 437 In addition to the artists who createdt he basis for the complete S. Klebe collection of illustrations with Prof. Sobotta and the following 1384, 60,5 075, 08,5 11-5 14 editors Prof.B echer,P rof. Ferner and Prof. Staubesand( K. Hajek, H. Rintelen Prof.E . Lepier,F . Batke,H . v. Eickstedt,K . EndtresserI,. Kosanke, 604-606 J. v. Marchtaler,I . Dimes,U . Brugger,N . LechenbauerL, . Schnell- H. RulJ biicher, and K. Schuhmacher),t he following also drew for the 22 (insert)1, 443, 38-3404, 44,4 45,4 47,4 49,4 774, 72,5 45,6 87 current edition: Ulrike Brugger, Rtidiger Himmelhan, Sonja Klebe, and Horst RuR. A series of original photographs were worked over electronically by Michael Budowick. A number of computer diagramsw ere producedb y Henriette Rintelen. Generatle rmso f directiona ndp ositionin the body Iongitudinali=s r unningl engthway(se .g . Musculuslo ngitudina- The following terms indicate the relative location of organs lis superioro f the tongue) and parts of the body to each other, partly without taking sagittalis= lying on a sagittalp lane into considerationt he position of the body in space as well transversali=s lying on a transversapl lane as the location and direction to the extremities.T his concept transversu=s r unningt ransversall(ye .g.P rocessutsra nsversus is not only acceptable for human anatomy but also for of thet horacicv ertebrae) practical medicine and the comparativea natomy. Generalt erms Terms of direction and position for the extremities anterior - posterior= from the front - from the back (e.g. proximalis - distalis = at the base of the extremity - at the end of Arteriaet ibialesa nteriore t posterior) ventralis- dorsalis= lying ventral - dorsal the extremity (e.g. Articulationes radioulnares proximalis et superior- inferior= above- below( e.g . Conchaen asaless uperior distalis) et inferior) For the upper limbs: cranialis- caudalis= lying cranid - caudal radialis - ulnaris = relating to the radial - relating to the ulnar dexter- siniste=r right - left (e.g.A rteriaei liacaec ommunes side (e.g.A rteriae radialis et ulnaris) dextrae t sinistra) internus- externus=in ternal- external For the hand: superficialis- profundus= superficial- deep palmaris - dorsalk = relating to the palm - relating to the back of medius,i ntermedius= lying in the middle betweent wo other the hand (e.g. Aponeurosis palmaris, Musculus interosseus dorsalis) things( the Conchan asalism edial ies in the middleb etween the Conchan asaliss uperiora ndi nferior) For the lower limbs: medianu=s lyingo n them iddleI ine( Fissuram edianaa nterioro f tibialis - fibularis = relatinS to the tibial side / relating to the the spinalc ord).B y makinga medians agittasl ectionth eb ody fibular side (Arteria tibialis anterior) is dividedi ntot wo mirror images. medialis- Iaterdlis= lying towardst he middleo f the body,l ying For the foot: towardsth e side( e.gF. ossaein guinalesm edialise t lateralis) plantaris - dorsalis = relating to the sole of the foot - relating to frontalis= relating to the plane of the forehead( frontal plane), the back of the foot (instep)( e.g . Arteriae plantaresl ateralis et (e.9P. rocessufsro ntaliso f the maxilla) medialis,A rteria dorsalis pedis) Referencetos the colouredil lustrationp lates Them ulti-coloureidllu strationso f thisb ooka reb asedo n didactic Thef ollowingp laten umbersin dicaten ewlyd evelopepdl atesa s observationsT:h e contrastss houldb e emphasizedW. herei t is well asd rawingsd uet o fundamentaclo rrections: difficult to differentiateb etweens tructurest,h ey shouldb e made U. Bruger easilyr ecognizableT.h e coloursu sedf or the differentk inds of 70 7,9 2 3,9 2 4,9 2 7- 93 2,9 34 , 936,9 3 7,1 366,r 37I tissue( sucha s tendonsc, artilageb, onea nd musclesa) nd the R. Himmelhan tracts (sucha s arteries,v eins,l ymphaticv esselsn, erves)a re 13671, 368,1 370 , r372 , 1374,1 375 different from thosef ound in a living, deado r preservedb ody. S. Klebe Here,a rteriesa re red,v einsa re blue,n ervesy ellow,ly mphatic 1162f,i 74, 1175 , 12181, 222,1 223,1 250,1 349 vesselsa ndg landsa reg enerallyre presenteads g reen. H. Ru/) In additiont o the artistsw ho createdth e basisf or the complete 78 8,7 9 8, t28l - 1284,1 302- 1304 collectiono f illustrationsw ith Prof.S obottaa nd the following editorsP rof.B echerP, rof.F ernera ndP rof.S taubesan(dK .H ajek, Prof.E .L epierF, .B atkeH, .v . EickstedtK, . EndtresseIr., K osanke, I. v. MarchtalerK, . DimesU, .B ruggerN, . LechenbaueLr., S chnell- bdcher,a nd K. Schuhmachert)h, e followinga lso drew for the current edition: Ulrike Brugger,R iidiger Himmelhan,S onja Klebe,u nd Horst RuB.A serieso f originalp hotographws ere workedo ver electronicallyb y MichaelB udowick.A number of computerd iagramsw erep roducedb y HenrietteR intelen. Acknowledgements The editors would like to thank the following colleaguesf or Prof. Reiser & Dr. Glaser, Institute of Clinical Radiology, providing the pictures of ultrasound,c omputedt omography, Universityo f Munich magneticr esonanceto mographya s well as endoscopica nd (figs.3 07,5 78-582,705ab, , 771,1369,1371,1373,1377) colourp hotographosf operationaplr actice: Prof.R udzki-JansoPn,o lyclinicf or OrthodonticsU, niversiryo f Munich (figs.8 0,B 1) Prof.A ltaras,R adiologyC entre,G ieBenU niversity Dr. ScheibeD, epartmenot f SurgeryR, osmanH ospital,B reisach (figs.9649, 79,980) (figs.1 233a-c) Dr.B aumeisteDr,e partmenotf RadiologyF,r eiburgU niversity Prof.S chillingerG, ynaecologicCalli nic,U niversityo f Freiburg (fig.1 095) (figs.1072-1074) Prof.D aniel,D epartmenot f CardiologyU, niversityo f Medicine, Dr. Dr. SchliephakeF, acio-MaxillaryS urgery,U niversity of Hannover MedicineH, annover (figs.862-864,935) (figs1. 67,212,2131 Prof. Galanski & Dr. Kirchoff, Department 1 of Diagnostic Prof. SchliiBer,G ynaecologyC enhe, University of Medicine, RadiologyU, niversityo f Medicine,H annover Hannover (figs.924,1144a,b,1115145, 5) (figs.1 071ab,, 10801, 0821, 0831, 130) Prof. Galanski & Dr. SchZiferD, epartment 1 of Diagnostic Prof. SchuhmacherN, euroradiologyD, epartmento f Radiology, RadiologyU, niversityo f Medicine,H annover Universityo f Freiburg (figs.8 38a,b , 888,9 33,9 58, 11391, 147l,l 50, ll52l (figs.4 48a,b ) Prof. Gebef Departmento f Gastroenterologay nd Hepatology, Dr. Sommer& AssistentP rof.B auer,R adiologistsM, unich Universityo fMedicineH, annover (figs.6 50,1 234-12361 (figs.2 53ab, ,966,975,976,981,990,991,1012064,3 ) Prof.S totzO, rthopaedPico lyclinicU,n iversitoyf Munich Dr.G oeiR, adiologyH,e erlenT, heN etherlands (fig. 1193) (figs.1 0101, 01)I Prof.V ogl,P olyclinicfo r RadiologyU,n iversityo f Munich (withp ermissionfr om Radiology1 73:1 37- 141,1 9891 (figs.4 40,4 42,631,6321 Dr.G reevenS, t.E lizabethH ospitalN, euwied Prof.V ollrathE, NTC linic,M tinchengladbach (figs.166,1182) (figs.246-2481 Prof.v on der Hardt,P aediatricC linic,U niversiryo f Medicine, Prof. Wagner( dec.),D iagnosticaRl adiologyI I, Universityo f Hannover MedicineH, annover (figs.893) (figs.9141, 0141, 0121 0201, 0231, 090) Dr. Hennig,D epartmenot f RadiologyU, niversityo f Freiburg Prof.W enz,D epartmenot f RadiologyU, niversityo f Freiburg (fig.5 29) (fie.747l Prof.I onas,U rologyU, niversityo f MedicineH, annover Dr. Willftihr, Departmenfto r Abdominala nd Transplantation (figs.1 050ab, , 1051) SurgeryU, niversityo fMedicineH, annover Prof.K remersP, olyclinicfo r DehtalP reservatioann d Periodon- (fig. 1001) tics,U niversityo f Munich AssistenPt rof.W immer,D epartmenot f RadiologyU, niversityo f (fig. 182) Freiburg Prof.K unzeP, aediatriCc linic,U niversityo f Munich (tig.778) (figs.15-18) Dr. Meyeq Department of Gastroenterologya nd Hepatology, Universityo f MedicineH, annover Additionaill lustrationsw eret akenf rom thef ollowingb ooks: (figs.9 06.9 49a,b , 959,1 086) Prof.P feiferR, adiologyD epartmenot f the SurgicaCl linic,U ni- Birkner, R: The typical X-ray of the skeleton,U rban & versityo f Munich SchwarzenberMg,u nich-Vienna-Baltimor1e9 90 (figs.3063, r9,321,748-751,789-792,1199,1230,1231,126(0f,i g.1 200) 1261\ Welsch,U . (Editor):S obotta- Histology5, th Edition,U rban& AssistentP rof. Rau, Departmento f RadiologyU, niversityo f SchwarzenberMg,u nich-Vienna-Baltimor1e9 85 Freiburg (figs.6 35,646) (figs.8 75,S S6,S 87) Wicke, L.: Atlas of X-ray Anatomy,3 rd Edition, Urban & Prof.R avelliI,n stituteo f AnatomyU, niversityo f Innsbruck, SchwarzenberMg,u nich-Vienna-Baltimo1re9 85 (tig.746l (figs.905ab,, 1076) Prof. Reich,C linic for Facio-MaxillarSy urgery,U niversityo f WilhelmK, .,R .P utz,R .H iernerR, .EG. iuntaP: lastics urgeryo f the Bonn hand,U rban& SchwarzenbeMrgu, nich-Vienna-Baltimo1r9e9 7 (figs.1 33,1 34) (fig.s8)
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