SMST-2000 Proceedings of the International Conference on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technologies : 30 April to 4 May 2000, Asilomar Conference Center, Pacific Grove, California, USA

694 Pages·2000·35.528 MB·English

by  Scott M. Russell, Alan R. Pelton

© 2001 by SMST
All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transcribed, in any form or by any
means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without prior permission of the
publisher.
Published by:
SMST, The International Organization on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technology
47533 Westinghouse Drive
Fremont, California 94539
USA
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.smst.org
Additional copies of this book may be obtained through the following distributors:
Monterey Institute of Advanced Studies Memory-Metalle GmbH
P.O. Box 975 Am Kesselhaus 5
Monterey, California 93942-0975 D-79576 Weil am Rhein
USA GERMANY
Telephone: [phone] Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone] Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.smst.org/mias/ Website: www.memory-metalle.de
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
SMST-2000: proceedings of the international conference on shape memory and superelastic technologies /
edited by Scott M. Russell and Alan R. Pelton.
xiv; 720 p.; 26 cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-9660508-2-7
1. Alloys—Congresses. 2. Alloys—Thermomechanical properties. 3. Shape memory effect. I. Russell,
Scott (Scott M.) II. Pelton, Alan (Alan R.)
TN690.S675 2001 2001-099457
669'.94 — dc20 CIP
Printed and bound in the United States of America
Production Services: TIPS Technical Publishing, Inc.
SMSTFinal.book Page ix Wednesday, February 13, 2002 3:10 PM
FOREWORD
The 82 papers contained in these proceedings reflect the high quality of engineering work
that was presented at the Shape Memory and Superelastic Technologies conference held
30 April through 4 May, 2000, at the Asilomar Conference Center in Pacific Grove, Cali-
fornia. The backdrop of the Pacific Ocean, white beaches, tall pines and rustic buildings
provided an ideal atmosphere for in-depth discussions among design engineers, physi-
cians, material suppliers, regulatory affairs personnel, and academicians.
The format of SMST-2000 was designed to offer an overview address followed by addi-
tional oral presentations, poster presentations, and roundtable discussions. This format
allowed both the novice and the expert to engage in full discussions on each topic. As
such, these proceedings contain both tutorial papers on a variety of topics in addition to
more late breaking subjects.
This conference featured a collaboration with the Society of Minimally Invasive Technolo-
gies and a strong emphasis on the growing use of shape memory for medical applications.
Five of the seven sessions were focussed on medical aspects of Nitinol. Presentations were
given on new medical device designs, with primary emphasis on methods to manufacture
and analyze self-expanding stents. We also saw the results of badly corroded ex-planted
Nitinol stents and heard several presentations on passivation techniques to prevent such in
vivo reactions. Several papers discussed the recent findings of non-linear constant life
fatigue diagrams for Nitinol components.
Alan R. Pelton
SMST-2000 Conference Chairman
ix
SMSTFinal.book Page x Wednesday, February 13, 2002 3:10 PM
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
These proceedings contain the technical papers presented at SMST-2000: The Interna-
tional Conference on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technologies, held at the Asilomar
Conference Center in Pacific Grove, California from 30 April through 4 May, 2000. 360
delegates attended SMST-2000 from 19 countries. In all, about 90 oral and poster papers
on the latest developments in the engineering and biomedical applications of shape mem-
ory and superelastic materials were presented. Further, 18 companies exhibited the latest
in shape memory products and services at our Tuesday evening Exhibition.
As with the previous SMST conferences, at Asilomar in 1994 and 1997 and in Europe in
1999, the true success of the conference can be attributed to the candid and enthusiastic
discussion of the current state-of-the-art in the application of shape memory and super-
elastic materials. However, also contributing greatly to the success of the conference were
the beautiful setting of the historic Asilomar Conference Center and the generous support
of our corporate sponsors.
The SMST-2000 conference would not have been possible without the assistance and
cooperation of a great number of people. First, I would like to acknowledge the support
and advice of the Organizing Committee and the International Advisory Committee. Their
advice was extremely valuable in determining the content and format of the conference
and in spreading the word about the conference around the world. Second, I would like to
acknowledge a number of key individuals who contributed to the success of SMST-2000
in specific ways: Jeff Simpson, who organized the Exhibition; Jim Proft, who solicited our
generous Sponsors; Jay Yang, who coordinated many of the arrangements with our dele-
gates from China; Valery Martynov, who coordinated many of the arrangements with our
delegates from Russia; Jeff Brown, who handled the audiovisual arrangements; Andreas
Melzer, who coordinated the collaboration with SMIT; Carolyn Rice, who coordinated the
delegates’ packets; and Christine Trépanier, who organized the Poster Sessions. Others
who helped out in a variety of ways included Tracy Lashley, Dion Lopes, John Collier,
Barbara Deckrow, and Linda Meader. Once again Shellee Perkins was invaluable in man-
aging many aspects of the conference and Jacqueline Martin, our contact at Asilomar, was
a pleasure to work with. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the ongoing dedication and
commitment of the SMST Executive Committee of Alan Pelton, Tom Duerig, and Darel
Hodgson. Their vision to create a forum to present the latest information on the applica-
tion of shape memory and superelastic materials launched the SMST conference series in
1994, and their ongoing commitment to SMST ensures that this forum continues.
Scott M. Russell
SMST-2000 Conference Secretariat
x
SMSTFinal.book Page xi Wednesday, February 13, 2002 3:10 PM
SPONSORS
The SMST-2000 organizing committee would like to thank the generous sponsors who
helped to make the conference a success.
Boston Scientific Corporation is a 10,000 employee leading worldwide developer, manufac-
turer and marketer of medical devices. Boston Scientific sells products which are used by physi-
cians to perform less invasive medical procedures. Boston Scientific’s products are used in a broad
range of interventional medical specialties, including cardiology, gastroenterology, pulmonary
medicine, radiology, urology and vascular surgery. For more information, visit their website at
http://www.bsci.com.
EUROflex Schüssler GmbH is an ISO9001 and EN46001-certified company which is special-
ized in the manufacturing of Superelastic and Shape Memory Alloy components for medical appli-
cations, such as stents, filters, coupling devices and miniaturized instrument parts. EUROflex
Schüssler offers a full service around Nitinol including precision laser cutting, micro-welding,
forming and shape setting, electropolishing, gold plating, design optimization and development ser-
vice. All manufacturing processes are developed in-house to ensure that Nitinol’s functional prop-
erties are fully exploited with devices as small as 0.4 mm in diameter. Stainless steel, Titanium, and
Tantalum are among the materials which also can be processed.
Contact Information:
Rastatter Strasse 15
D-75179 Pforzheim
Germany
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Web Site: http://www.nitinol.de
Guidant Corporation is a global leader in the medical device industry, providing innovative,
minimally invasive and cost-effective products and services for the treatment of cardiovascular and
vascular disease. For more information on Guidant’s products and services, visit the company's
website at http://www.guidant.com.
Memry Corporation specializes in supplying nitinol shape memory alloy materials, formed
components and assembled nitinol products to the medical device, telecommunications, aerospace,
and automotive industries. Memry’s NiTi materials include wire, strip and tubing. Processing is in
ISO9001 registered facilities. Secondary operations include precision laser cutting and welding,
forming, crimping, grinding, micro-coiling and guidewire assembly. Memry offers a full range of
nitinol-related services from rapid prototyping to production quantity assembly. With locations in
Brookfield, Connecticut and Menlo Park, California, Memry offers world-wide sales, distribution,
technical support and customer service.
Contact Information:
(Headquarters and Eastern Operations) (Western Operations)
3 Berkshire Boulevard 4065 Campbell Avenue
Bethel, CT 06801 Menlo Park, CA
Phone: [phone] Phone: [phone]
Toll Free: 866/GO MEMRY Toll Free: 888/BUY-NITI
Fax: [phone] Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Web Site: http://www.memry.com
xi
SMSTFinal.book Page xii Wednesday, February 13, 2002 3:10 PM
xii
Minitubes focuses on high precision nitinol tubing and tubular parts, offering sizes from 0.008" to
0.500'' OD. Large tubes with thin walls and high concentricity are a specialty. A full nitinol stent
service is provided, which includes laser cutting, expansion, electropolishing, A setting, and certi-
f
fication. We have developed an expertise in stent manufacturing by cutting the expanded design on
large diameter tubes.
Contact Information:
(in Western USA) (in France)
Metallurgical Solutions MINITUBES
2 Williams Lane B.P. 2529
Foster City, CA 94404 38035 GRENOBLE CEDEX 02
USA FRANCE
Phone: [phone] Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone] Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
Nitinol Devices & Components (NDC) is a fully integrated producer of Nitinol materials
(wire, tube, strip, sheet, bar) and finished components. NDC and its strategic partners: the Wah
Chang division of Allegheny Teledyne and G. Rau GmbH, are ISO9000 series registered to provide
total in-house control of all manufacturing processes, from the melting of the alloys to the surface
finishing of shaped parts. NDC’s services include Nitinol forming, cutting, joining, polishing, laser
machining, process development, design, and prototyping. NDC pioneered precision laser cutting
of Nitinol tubing and wire for medical devices.
Contact Information:
(Headquarters) (Minnesota Sales Office)
47533 Westinghouse Drive 15500 Wayzata Blvd., Suite 768-218
Fremont, CA 94539 Wayzata, MN 55391
Phone: [phone] Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone] Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Web Site: http://www.nitinol.com
Shape Memory Applications, Inc., a Johnson Matthey Company, supplies a full range of NiTi-
based superelastic and shape memory alloys and fabricated NiTi components to the medical, dental,
aerospace, telecommunications, and consumer industries. Our products include fine wire, Flex-
tube™ microtubing, ribbon, thin sheet, tapered guidewires, electropolished stents, superelastic
wire, and semi-finished components for surgical tools and implants. SMA, Inc. also provides exten-
sive development services and prototype manufacturing to aid other companies’ product develop-
ment efforts.
Contact Information:
1070 Commercial Street, #110
San Jose, CA 95112
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Web Site: http://www.sma-inc.com
Special Metals Corporation is a primary melter and integrated manufacturer of Nitinol Nickel-
Titanium shape memory and superelastic alloys including:
(cid:127) Bar hot rolled and cold drawn
(cid:127) Cold drawn rod
SMSTFinal.book Page xiii Wednesday, February 13, 2002 3:10 PM
xiii
(cid:127) Wire to 0.003" diameter: black, oxide free or polished
(cid:127) Ribbon
(cid:127) Sheet and strip
Wires, rod and bar are shipped as drawn or processed to specifications for aerospace,
dental and medical applications.
Contact Information:
4317 Middle Settlement Road
New Hartford, NY 13417
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Web Site: http://www.specialmetals.com
U.S. Nitinol supplies high performance superelastic nitinol wire. Customers and applications are
mainly in the medical community where high reliability is essential.
Contact Information:
20631 Wardell Road
Saratoga, CA 95070
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Wah Chang, an Allegheny Technologies Company, is a leading producer of reactive and refrac-
tory metals for a variety of applications in the aerospace, chemical processing, consumer products,
medical, and many other industries. Among the many alloys that the Albany, Oregon-based com-
pany makes is nickel-titanium. Wah Chang produces Ni-Ti alloys in bar and wire forms for shape-
memory and superelastic alloy applications.
Contact Information:
1600 N.E. Old Salem Road
Albany, OR 97321-0136
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Web Site: http://www.wahchang.com/
List of Exhibitors
Baasel Lasertech / A-B Lasers, Inc.
EnduraTEC Systems Corp.
EUROflex-Schüssler GmbH
Fort Wayne Metals Research Corp.
Furukawa
Johnson Matthey
Kemac Technology, Inc.
Masunaga Optical Mfg. Co., Ltd.
Memry Corporation
Microfil Industries SA
Minitubes
Nitinol Devices & Components
Pacific Consultants LLC
Shape Memory Applications, Inc.
Special Metals Corp.
StarGuide
TiNi Alloy Company
Wah-Chang
SMSTFinal.book Page xiv Wednesday, February 13, 2002 3:10 PM
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
J. Cederström
T. Duerig
D. Hodgson
Zhao L. C.
S. Miyazaki
A. Pelton
J. Proft
S. Russell
J. van Humbeeck
M. Wu
ADVISORY COMMITTEE
G. Airoldi
P. Besselink
M. Mertmann
A. Michael
A. Morton
F. Sczerzenie
A. Shelyakov
B. Silberstein
D. Stöckel
W. van Moorleghem
L’H. Yahia
Chu Y. Y.
xiv
SMSTFinal.book Page iii Wednesday, February 13, 2002 3:10 PM
SMST-2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword........................................................................................................................................ix
Acknowledgments.........................................................................................................................x
Sponsors........................................................................................................................................xi
Organizing and Advisory Committees..................................................................................xiv
Shape Memory Alloy Production, Characterization, and Product
Manufacturing Issues
Nitinol Melting and Fabrication ........................................................................................................1
Scott M. Russell
Fabrication, Heat Treatment and Joining of Nitinol Components ..................................................11
Darel E. Hodgson
Laser Processing of Nitinol Materials .............................................................................................25
Andreas Schuessler
Optimization of the Post-deformation Annealing Heat Treatment for NiTi Shape Memory
Alloys ..............................................................................................................................................33
V. Brailovski
Hot Extrusion of Nickel-Titanium Alloy (Nitinol) .........................................................................43
K.B. Müller
Changes of Memory Characteristics of Cu-Zn-Al SMA Under Loaded Thermal Recycling
and a Design for a Manual and an Auto Temperature-Control Valve ............................................53
Gu Nanju, Zhang Jianxin, Lu Yushen, Zhang Jin, Song Xiaoyan, and N.N. Akanish
Low-temperature Laxation and its Solution for FeMnSi SMA .......................................................63
Gu Nanju, Lin Chengxin, Songxiaoyan, and Feng Qibiao
Resistance Welding Ti-rich Nitinol Wire ........................................................................................67
Peter C. Hall
The Effect of Processing Variables on the Microstructure and Mechanical Property of a
Porous Body Produced by the SHS Method ...................................................................................77
J.S. Kim, S.H. Lee, J.H. Kang, V.E. Gjunter, S.B. Kang, T.H. Nam, and Y.S. Kwon
Principles of Alloy Design of High Strength and Training-Free Fe-Mn-Si-Based Shape
Memory Alloys ...............................................................................................................................87
D. Z. Liu, T. Kikuchi, S. Kajiwara, and N. Shinya
The Effect of E-Beam Sterilization on the Microstructure of NiTi Medical Devices ....................97
Brian L. Pelton and Jim Vitarelli
The Effects Of Packaging And Sterilization Methods on NiTi ....................................................103
Brock Groth
Use of a Focused Ion Beam to Characterize Slag-layer Thickness and Heat-affected Zone Depth ...109
Brian L. Pelton and Jim Vitarelli
iii
SMSTFinal.book Page iv Wednesday, February 13, 2002 3:10 PM
iv
Gold Plating Nitinol: Optimized Process Parameters ...................................................................115
Carolyn G. Rice and Patrick Burt
Microstructures and Thermal Stability of Heat-treated Ti-Hf-Ni-Cu Melt-spun Ribbons ...........123
P. Schloßmacher, H. Rösner, A.V. Shelyakov, A.M. Glezer
The Speed Heat Treatment of a TiNi Wire ...................................................................................131
V.V. Rubanick, Y.V. Tsarenko, and V.V. Rubanick, Jr.
Thin Nitinol Sheet Manufacturing ................................................................................................135
Stuart A. Smith, Jeff Brown, Rick Hoppe
Superelastic-, Anelastic- and Pseudothermoelastic- Strain-Recovery Behaviors Associated
with the Elastic Property of Stacking Faults in an Fe-Mn-Si Shape Memory Alloy ....................141
Defa Wang, Wenxi Liu, Xiaodong Xing, Zhizhong Dong, and Jinming Chen
Recovery Stress Relaxation Characteristics in Fe-Mn-Si-based Shape Memory Alloys ..............147
Defa Wang, Wenxi Liu, Xiaodong Xing, Zhizhong Dong, and Jinming Chen
A Review of High-temperature Shape Memory Alloys ................................................................153
K. Wu and J.L. Ma
The Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Aged Ti Ni Hf High Temperature
36 49 15
Shape Memory Alloy ....................................................................................................................163
L.H. Liu, X.L. Meng, Z. Wang, Y.F. Zheng, and L.C. Zhao
Industrial Applications (Including Actuators, Couplings, Thin Films,
and “Smart Materials”)
Industrial Applications for Shape Memory Alloys .......................................................................171
Ming H. Wu and L. McD. Schetky
Processing and Deployment of Sputtered Thin Films of NiTi and NiTi-X Alloys for
Biomedical and MEMS Applications ...........................................................................................183
David S. Grummon, Thomas LaGrange, and Jinping Zhang
Adaptive Grippers on Shape Memory Actuators ..........................................................................197
I. Viahhi, A. Priadko, S. Pulnev, and E. Gulikhandanov
Thin Film Nickel-Titanium: a Possible System for Writing, Storing, and Retrieval of Binary
Information ....................................................................................................................................205
R. Bulpett, A. Anson, M. Cross, and R. Hung
Thermomechanical Cyclic Training of Power Elements from NiTi Alloys Followed by Their
Practical Application .....................................................................................................................213
Anatoly I. Efremov
Fabrication Process of Shape Memory Alloy Thin Films for Microactuation ..............................217
I. Roch, L. Buchaillot, and X. Wallart
Actuators Based on Cu-Al-Ni Single Crystals ..............................................................................225
A. Priadko, S. Pulnev, and I. Viahhi
NiTi-Nb Plugs for Sealing High Pressure Fuel Passages in Fuel Injector Applications ...............235
Tony Wu and Ming H. Wu