Smart Technologies for Smart Nations: Perspectives from the Asia-Pacific Region PDF
Preview Smart Technologies for Smart Nations: Perspectives from the Asia-Pacific Region
Managing the Asian Century Purnendu Mandal John Vong Editors Smart Technologies for Smart Nations Perspectives from the Asia-Pacifi c Region Managing the Asian Century Series editor Purnendu Mandal Texas, USA Managing the Asian Century provides a platform for scholastic discussions and stresses the need for a holistic framework to understand Asia as an emerging economic global powerhouse. Books published in this series cover Asia-centric topics in economics, production, marketing, finance, entrepreneurship, education, culture,technology,aswellasotherareasofimportancetoAsianeconomics.The series will publish edited volumes based on papers submitted to international and regionalconferencesthatfocusonspecificAsia-Pacificthemes,suchasinvestment in education, women’s rights, entrepreneurship, climate change, wage inequality, challengesingovernance,andcorruption.Booksinthisseriesareofkeeninterestto researchers and policy planners around the world andwillbe used by universities forgraduateanddoctorallevelstudies. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13579 Purnendu Mandal • John Vong Editors Smart Technologies for Smart Nations Perspectives from the Asia-Pacific Region Editors PurnenduMandal JohnVong CollegeofBusiness LeeKuanYewSchoolofPublicPolicy LamarUniversity NationalUniversityofSingapore Texas,USA Singapore,Singapore ISSN2364-5857 ISSN2364-5865 (electronic) ManagingtheAsianCentury ISBN978-981-287-584-6 ISBN978-981-287-585-3 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-981-287-585-3 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015949230 SpringerSingaporeHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon ©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaSingapore2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd. is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Contents PartI TechnologiesinService 1 DigitalBankingforAlleviatingRuralPoverty inIndonesia:SomeEvidences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 JohnVong,PurnenduMandal,andInsuSong 2 TaxComplianceandInternationalCultural Factors:AMultilevelEmpiricalStudy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 KarlPutnam,BelalAbdelfattah,KallolBagchi,andGaryP.Braun 3 AreValuesofManagersAssociatedwiththeTasksThey Perform?ATransnationalLevelEmpiricalAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . 31 KallolBagchiandPurnenduMandal 4 IndonesianRetailMarketAnalysisUsingFrequentPattern DataMining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 PurnenduMandal,JohnVong,andInsuSong 5 MeasurementandEvaluationofServiceProductivity: AHolisticApproach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 AbhikPatraandPradipKumarRay 6 Web2.0TechnologiesandIndianITService Companies:AnImpactAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 SomnathMitraandSantanuRoy PartII TechnologiesinEducation 7 TheEraoftheGlobalIntern?BusinessUndergraduates’ PerceptionsofInternationalInternshipsataForeign UniversityinVietnam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 HelgaNagyandPhilipSmith v vi Contents 8 BuildingandMaintainingRelationshipsinaGlobalEducation Context. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 NadiaO’Connell 9 EducationalEvolution:AReviewofMOOCsinInstitutes ofHigherEducation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 PamelaArumynathan 10 InnovationinaGeographicallyDistributedEnvironment: InterrelationshipofOrganisationalLearningandKnowledge Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 KesavanPreethi PartIII TechnologiesinImprovingWorkEnvironment 11 SelectionofAlternateWorkSystemstoImproveOccupational HealthofIndianConstructionWorkers:ADesign ofExperiment-BasedApproach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 RatriParida,SagarSarkar,andPradipKumarRay 12 HospitalAppointmentSchedulinginPresenceofWalk-ins andEmergencyArrivals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 PapiyaBhattacharjeeandPradipKumarRay 13 ImprovingOccupationalHealthofIndianConstruction Workers:ABiomechanicalEvaluationApproach. . . . . . .. . . . . .. 195 RatriParida,SagarSarkar,andPradipKumarRay 14 CleansingIndustrialPollution:AnEco-friendlyApproach. . . . . . . 217 BelaDas Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Part I Technologies in Service Chapter 1 Digital Banking for Alleviating Rural Poverty in Indonesia: Some Evidences JohnVong,PurnenduMandal,andInsuSong Abstract There are still a large number of unbanked people in Indonesia, partic- ularly, in the rural areas. Without proper financial services, there can be no economy as banking is essential for any moderneconomy. Without economy, the livelihoodofruralcommunitieswillremainpoor.Onereasonforthelargenumber ofunbankedpopulationintheruralareasisthecostofopeningbankbranchesfor low-incomeearners.Itmaynotbecost-effectiveforbankstoopenbranchesinrural Indonesia. The number of customers may not be sufficient to cover the operating cost. This paper discusses digital banking services, such as online banking, SMS banking,andmobilebanking.Thesenew technologies couldreducetheoperating costs of banking services and allow the banks to provide financial services in the rural areas. This could potentially help the unbanked population have access to financial services, revitalize their local economy, and eventually improve the livelihoodofruralcommunities,addingtotherangeofpolicyinstrumentstoreduce ruralpovertyinIndonesia. Keywords Digitalbankingstrategy•Ruralbanking•Indonesia 1.1 Introduction Indonesiaisthefourthlargestcountryintheworldintermsofthepopulationsize, justbehindChina,India,andtheUSA.AccordingtotheWorldPopulationReview (Review2013),thereareabout250millionpeoplescatteredoverthe17,000islands of Indonesia. Java Island alone contains the fourth largest urban population. It is J.Vong(*) LeeKuanYewSchoolofPublicPolicy,NationalUniversityofSingapore,469CBukitTimah Road,Singapore259772,Singapore e-mail:[email protected] P.Mandal CollegeofBusiness,LamarUniversity,Texas,USA e-mail:[email protected] I.Song SchoolofBusiness(IT),JamesCookUniversitySingapore,Singapore,Singapore e-mail:[email protected] ©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaSingapore2016 3 P.Mandal,J.Vong(eds.),SmartTechnologiesforSmartNations, ManagingtheAsianCentury,DOI10.1007/978-981-287-585-3_1 4 J.Vongetal. expected that by 2020, there will be around 254 million people and a staggering 288millionin2050.However,despiteitsnaturalresourcesandthelargepopulation size, the poverty level remains high. The Indonesian Central Statistics Agency, called BPS (Berita Resmi Statistik), reported that there are about 31 million Indonesians (about 13.33 % of the total population of Indonesia) who are living inpoverty(Statistik2012). The BPS statistics show that the Indonesian economy has historically been dominatedbybanks.Ifweassesstheeconomicstructurefromthecompositionof the output of Indonesian economy, we can see that the three most significant economic activities are agriculture, industry, and services (including banks). Fur- thermore, the agriculture sector requires more urgent financial assistance for their sustainability.Onthepositiveside,in2009,thereisconsiderablegrowthofcredit cooperativesandjointventurebanksforagriculturefinancing. According tothe World Bank FinancialSectorreportin2010(Hidayati 2011), 48%ofhouseholdsinIndonesiaareexcludedfromfinancialservices,while32% have access to informal financial services, and 17 % do not have any financial services.Thebankingsectorcontrols80%ofthetotalfinancialassets,butonly20– 34 % of the rural households have access to banking services. One of the main reasonsforthisisduethefactthatthebanksareunwillingtoopenbranchofficesin theruralareas,causingtheruralpopulationtohavelimitedaccesstothefinancial services. Therearemanyreasonsthatpreventtheruralpopulationfromgoingtothebank branchesinthecity.Firstly,ittakesmanyhoursoftravelingtime.Secondly,thereis thecostoftraveling.Thirdly,thereisnoonetomanagethechoreswhentheheadof theruralhouseholdsgoestothecity.Finally,theruralresidentsarenoteducatedof thefinancialservicesandonhowtousethefinancialservices. Having access to finance reduces poverty (Song and Vong 2013a; Vong et al. 2012) and improves the standard of living of the rural population. As such, thefinancialsectornotonlycontributestoGDPgrowthbutalsoreducespoverty. Digital banking, such as mobile banking including SMS banking, is a cost- effectivewayforabanktodeliverbankingservicesinruralIndonesia.Thedigital approach has the advantages of cost-effectiveness, time efficiency, and flexibility (SongandVong2013b;Luietal.2013).AstudydoneinruralCambodiashowsthat mobile money services are gaining market acceptance and improved their liveli- hoods(Vongetal.2012).Thedigitalapproachcanbenefitboththeruralpopulation andtheruralbankbranches.Mobilebankingisalsoameansofdatacollection,in whichthedatacanbeanalyzedtoassesscustomerusageanduserexperience(Vong etal.2012). In this research, we gather information from various sources and analyze the prevalenceofdigitalbankinginruralIndonesia.Wesearchforanecdotalevidences toassesstheimpactofdigitalbankinginalleviatingruralpoverty.
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