Smart Membranes and Sensors: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications

451 Pages·2014·7.683 MB·English

by  Annarosa Gugliuzza

Smart Membranes and Sensors
Scrivener Publishing
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Publishers at Scrivener
Martin Scrivener([email protected])
Phillip Carmical ([email protected])
Smart Membranes and
Sensors
Synthesis, Characterization, and
Applications
Edited by
Annarosa Gugliuzza
Copyright © 2014 by Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.
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Published simultaneously in Canada.
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Cover design by Russell Richardson
Library of Congr ess Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
ISBN 978-1-118-42379-0
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To my Lovely Family and Honey Billa

Contents
Preface xv
Part 1: Sensing Materials for Smart Membranes 1
1 Interfaces Based on Carbon Nanotubes, Ionic
Liquids and Polymer Matrices for Sensing and
Membrane Separation Applications 3
María Belén Serrano-Santos, Ana Corres Ortega
and Th omas Schäfer
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Ionic Liquid-Carbon Nanotubes Composites
for Sensing Interfaces 5
1.3 Ionic Liquid Interfaces for Detection and
Separation of Gases and Solvents 11
1.4 Ionic Liquid-Polymer Interfaces for Membrane Separation
Processes 16
1.5 Conclusions 18
Acknowledgement 19
References 19
2 Photo-Responsive Hydrogels for Adaptive Membranes 21
David Díaz Díaz and Jeremiah A. Johnson
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Photo-Responsive Hydrogel Membranes 23
2.2.1 Photo-Responsive Moiety: Cinnamylidene 23
2.2.2 Photo-Responsive Moiety: Triphenylmethane
Leuco Derivatives 29
2.2.3 Photo-Responsive Moiety: Azobenzene 36
viii Contents
2.2.4 Photo-Responsive Moiety: Spirobenzopyran 38
2.2.5 A Comparative Example Of Diff erent
Chromophores 42
2.3 Photo-Th ermally Responsive Hydrogel Membranes 44
2.3.1 Optical absorber: Gold Nanoparticles 45
2.3.2 Optical Absorber: Graphene Oxide 46
2.4 Summary 46
2.5 Acknowledgements 48
Abbreviations 48
References 49
3 Smart Vesicles: Synthesis, Characterization
and Applications 53
Jung–Keun Kim, Chang–Soo Lee and Eunji Lee
3.1 Introduction 53
3.2 Synthesis of Soft Vesicles 54
3.2.1 Self–assembly into Vesicles 55
3.2.2 Liposomes 55
3.2.3 Polymersomes 57
3.2.4 Vesicles based on Small Molecules 59
3.2.5 Direct Synthesis 62
3.3 Synthesis of Hard Vesicles 64
3.3.1 “Soft ” Templates for the Synthesis of Hard Vesicles 64
3.3.2 Hollow Silica Spheres 66
3.4 Characterization of Vesicular Structures 68
3.4.1 Microscopy 69
3.4.2 Scattering 69
3.5 Stimuli–Responsive Behaviors of Vesicular Structures 72
3.5.1 Th ermo–Responsive Vesicles 72
3.5.2 pH–Responsive Vesicles 74
3.5.3 Others 76
3.6 Application of Vesicles 78
3.6.1 Molecular Separation by Vesicles 79
3.6.2 Chemical Sensors 81
3.6.3 Nanoreactors and Microreactors 84
3.6.4 Catalysts 86
3.6.5 Drug Delivery Vehicles 89
3.7 Conclusions 91
Acknowledgment 92
References 92