Table Of Content

Smart Materials (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC. (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC. Smart Materials Edited by Mel Schwartz Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-4372-3 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Smart materials / [edited by] Mel Schwartz. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4200-4372-3 (alk. paper) 1. Smart materials. 2. Smart structures. I. Schwartz, Mel M. II. Title. TA418.9.S62S48 2008 620.1’1--dc22 2008018721 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC. Dedication To Carolyn and Anne-Marie who light up my life every day of the year (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC. (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC. Contents Preface Editor Contributors 1 Residual Stress in Thin Films A.G. Vedeshwar 2 Intelligent Synthesis of Smart Ceramic Materials Wojciech L. Suchanek and Richard E. Riman 3 Functionally Graded Polymer Blend Yasuyuki Agari 4 Structural Application of Smart Materials R. Sreekala and K. Muthumani 5 Composite Systems Modeling—Adaptive Structures: Modeling and Applications and Hybrid Composites 5.1 Hybrid Composites S. Padma Priya 5.2 Design of an Active Composite Wing Spar with Bending–Torsion Coupling Carlos Silva, Bruno Rocha, and Afzal Suleman 6 Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy Actuators Yuanchang Liang and Minoru Taya 7 Aircraft Applications of Smart Structures Johannes Schweiger 8 Smart Battery Materials Arumugam Manthiram 9 Piezoelectric and Electrostrictive Ceramics Transducers and Actuators 9.1 Smart Ferroelectric Ceramics for Transducer Applications A.L. Kholkin, D.A. Kiselev, L.A. Kholkine, and A. Safari 9.2 Smart Ceramics: Transducers, Sensors, and Actuators Kenji Uchino and Yukio Ito 9.3 Noncontact Ultrasonic Testing and Analysis of Materials Mahesh C. Bhardwaj 10 Chitosan-Based Gels and Hydrogels 10.1 Chitosan-Based Gels Kang De Yao, Fang Lian Yao, Jun Jie Li, and Yu Ji Yin 10.2 Chitosan-Based Hydrogels in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Claire Jarry and Matthew S. Shive (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC. 11 Films, Coatings, Adhesives, Polymers, and Thermoelectric Materials 11.1 Smart Adhesives James A. Harvey and Susan Williams 11.2 Oxides as Potential Th ermoelectric Materials S. Hébert and A. Maignan 11.3 Electrically Conductive Adhesives Yi Li, Myung Jin Yim, Kyoung-sik Moon, and C.P. Wong 11.4 Electrochromic Sol–Gel Coatings L.C. Klein 12 Cure and Health Monitoring Tatsuro Kosaka 13 Drug Delivery Systems 13.1 Smart Drug Delivery Systems Il Keun Kwon, Sung Won Kim, Somali Chaterji, Kumar Vedantham, and Kinam Park 13.2 Drug Delivery Systems: Smart Polymers Joseph Kost 14 Fiber Optic Systems: Optical Fiber Sensor Technology and Windows 14.1 Introduction and Application of Fiber Optic Sensors Nezih Mrad and Henry C.H. Li 14.2 Smart Windows John Bell 15 Flip-Chip Underfill: Materials, Process, and Reliability Zhuqing Zhang and C.P. Wong 16 Dielectric Cure Monitoring of Polymers, Composites, and Coatings: Synthesis, Cure, Fabrication, and Aging David Kranbuehl 17 Magnetorheological Fluids J. David Carlson 18 Intelligent Processing of Materials J.A. Güemes and J.M. Menéndez 19 Magnets, Magnetic, and Magnetostrictive Materials 19.1 Magnets, Organic/Polymer Joel S. Miller and Arthur J. Epstein 19.2 Powder Metallurgy Used for a Giant Magnetostrictive Material Actuator Sensor Hiroshi Eda and Hirotaka Ojima 20 Shape-Memory Alloys and Effects: Types, Functions, Modeling, and Applications 20.1 Magnetically Controlled Shape Memory Alloys Ilkka Aaltio, Oleg Heczko, Outi Söderberg, and Simo-Pekka Hannula 20.2 Shape Memory Alloys in Micro- and Nanoscale Engineering Applications Yves Bellouard 20.3 Mathematical Models for Shape Memory Materials Davide Bernardini and Th omas J. Pence 20.4 Shape Memory Alloys Jan Van Humbeeck 20.5 Smart Materials Modeling Manuel Laso 20.6 On the Microstructural Mechanisms of SMEs Monica Barney and Michelle Bartning 21 Current Developments in Electrorheological Materials Frank E. Filisko 22 Carbon Microtubes and Conical Carbon Nanotubes Santoshrupa Dumpala, Gopinath Bhimarasetti, Suresh Gubbala, Praveen Meduri, Silpa Kona, and Mahendra K. Sunkara 23 “Smart” Corrosion Protective Coatings Patrick J. Kinlen and Martin Kendig 24 Smart Polymers for Biotechnology and Elastomers 24.1 Conducting Polymers Gordon G. Wallace and C.O. Too 24.2 Piezoelectricity in Polymers Aleksandra M. Vinogradov 24.3 Polymers, Biotechnology, and Medical Applications Igor Yu Galaev and B. Mattiasson (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC. 25 Vibration Control for Smart Structures 25.1 Vibration Control Seung-Bok Choi and Young-Min Han 25.2 Smart Materials for Sound and Vibration Control Cai Chao, Lu Chun, Tan Xiaoming, and Zheng Hui 26 Active Truss Structures B. de Marneﬀ e and André Preumont 27 Application of Smart Materials and Smart Structures to the Study of Aquatic Animals Jesse E. Purdy and Alison Roberts Cohan 28 Molecular Imprinting Technology David A. Spivak 29 Biomedical Sensing Dora Klara Makai and Gabor Harsanyi 30 Intelligent Chemical Indicators Christopher O. Oriakhi 31 Piezoelectric Polymer PVDF Microactuators Yao Fu, Erol C. Harvey, and Muralidhar K. Ghantasala 32 Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing and Materials Characterization John A. Brunk 33 Lipid Membranes on Highly Ordered Porous Alumina Substrates Andreas Janshoﬀ and Claudia Steinem (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC. (cid:1)2008byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC.