Smart Environments: Technologies, Protocols, and Applications

407 Pages·2004·3.412 MB·English

by  Albert Y. Zomaya(eds.)

SMART ENVIRONMENTS
WILEY SERIES ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING
SERIES EDITOR: Albert Y.Zomaya
Parallel &Distributed Simulation Systems / Richard Fujimoto
Surviving the Design ofMicroprocessor and Multimicroprocessor
Systems: Lessons Learned / Veljko Milutinovic
Mobile Processing in Distributedand Open Environments / Peter Sapaty
Introduction to ParallelAlgorithms / C. Xavier andS.S.Iyengar
Solutions to Parallel and Distributed Computing Problems: Lessons
from Biological Sciences / AlbertY.Zomaya,Fikret Ercal,
and StephanOlariu (Editors)
New ParallelAlgorithms for DirectSolution ofLinear Equations /
C. Siva Ram Murthy, K.N. BalasubramanyaMurthy, and SrinivasAluru
Practical PRAM Programming / Joerg Keller, Christoph Kessler,
and Jesper Larsson Traeff
Computational Collective Intelligence / TadeuszM. Szuba
Parallel &Distributed Computing: ASurvey ofModels,Paradigms,
andApproaches / ClaudiaLeopold
Fundamentals ofDistributed Object Systems: A CORBA
Perspective / Zahir Tari and OmranBukhres
Pipelined Processor Farms:Structured Design for Embedded Parallel
Systems / Martin Fleury and Andrew Downton
Handbook ofWirelessNetworks and Mobile Computing /
Ivan Stojmenoviic (Editor)
Internet-BasedWorkflow Management:Toward aSemantic Web /
Dan C. Marinescu
Parallel ComputingonHeterogeneousNetworks / Alexey L. Lastovetsky
Tools and Environments for Parallel and Distributed Computing Tools /
Salim Hariri and Manish Parashar
Distributed Computing: Fundamentals,Simulations, and AdvancedTopics,
Second Edition / HagitAttiya and JenniferWelch
SmartEnvironments:Technology,Protocols,andApplications / DianeJ.Cook
and Sajal K.Das (Editors)
SMART ENVIRONMENTS
TECHNOLOGIES, PROTOCOLS,
AND APPLICATIONS
Diane J. Cook and Sajal K. Das
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Tomyparents,GilbertandNancyCook,fortheirlove,support,and
inspiration.
—Diane
Tomyparents,BaidyanathandBimalaDas,fortheirlove
andpassionforeducation.
—Sajal
&CONTENTS
Contributors ix
Foreword xi
HowardE.Shrobe
Acknowledgments xvii
PART 1. INTRODUCTION 1
1. Overview 3
DianeJ.CookandSajalK.Das
PART 2. TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMART ENVIRONMENTS 11
2. Wireless Sensor Networks 13
FrankL.Lewis
3. Power Line Communication Technologies 47
HaniphA.LatchmanandAnujV.Mundi
4. Wireless Communications and Pervasive Technology 63
MarcoConti
5. Middleware 101
G.MichaelYoungblood
6. Home Networking and Appliances 129
DaveMarplesandStanMoyer
PART 3. ALGORITHMS AND PROTOCOLS FOR SMART
ENVIRONMENTS 151
7. Designing for the Human Experience inSmart Environments 153
GregoryD.AbowdandElizabethD.Mynatt
vii
viii CONTENTS
8. Prediction Algorithms for Smart Environments 175
DianeJ.Cook
9. Location Estimation(Determinationand Prediction)
Techniquesin Smart Environments 193
ArchanMisraandSajalK.Das
10. Automated DecisionMaking 229
ManfredHuber
11. Security, Privacy and Trust Issues inSmart Environments 249
P.A.Nixon,W.Wagealla,C.English,andS.Terzis
PART 4. APPLICATIONS 271
12. Lessons from an Adaptive Home 273
MichaelC.Mozer
13. Smart Rooms 295
AlvinChen,RichardMuntz,andManiSrivastava
14. Smart Offices 323
ChristopheLeGal
15. Perceptual Environments 345
AlexPentland
16. Assistive Environments for Individualswith SpecialNeeds 361
AbdelsalamHelal,WilliamC.Mann,andChoonhwaLee
PART 5. CONCLUSIONS 385
17. Ongoing Challenges and FutureDirections 387
SajalK.DasandDianeJ.Cook
Index 393
&CONTRIBUTORS
Gregory D. Abowd College of Computing and GVU Center, Georgia Institute
of Technology, 801 AtlanticDrive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0280
Alvin Chen Electrical Engineering Department, University of California at Los
Angeles, 7702-B, Boelter Hall, Box 951594, LosAngeles, CA 90095-1594
Marco Conti National Research Council, Instituto di Informatica e Telematica,
RoomB.63,Via G.Moruzzi, 1, 56124Pisa, Italy
DianeJ.Cook DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering,TheUniversity
of Texas at Arlington, Box 19015, Arlington, TX 76019
Sajal K. Das Crewman, Department ofComputer Science and Engineering, The
University ofTexas at Arlington,Box 19015, Arlington, TX 76019
C.English DepartmentofComputerandInformationSciences,TheUniversityof
Strathclyde,LivingstoneTower,26RichmondStreet,GlasgowG11XQ,Scotland
Abdelsalam Helal CISE Department, University of Florida, 448 Computer
Science Engineering Building, Gainesville, FL 32611
Manfred Huber Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The
University ofTexas at Arlington,Box 19015, Arlington, TX 76019
Haniph A. Latchman Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,
UniversityofFlorida,NEB463—P.O.Box116130,Gainesville,FL32611-6130
Choonhwa Lee CISE Department, UniversityofFlorida, 448Computer Science
Engineering Building, Gainesville, FL 32611
Christophe Le Gal PRIMA Group, GRAVIR Lab, INRIA, Joanneum Research,
Institute ofDigital Image Processing, Wastiangasse6,A-8010Graz, Austria
Frank L. Lewis ARRI, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX
76019
William C. Mann CISE Department, 448 Computer Science Engineering
Building, UniversityofFlorida, Gainesville,FL 32611
Dave Marples Telcordia Technologies, Inc., RRC-1A361, One Telcordia Drive,
Piscataway, NJ 08854
ix
x CONTRIBUTORS
ArchanMisra PervasiveSecurityandNetworkingDepartment,IBMT.J.Watson
ResearchCenter,19 SkylineDrive, Hawthorne,NY 10532
Stan Moyer Telcordia Technologies, Inc., RRC-1A361, One Telcordia Drive,
Piscataway, NJ 08854
Michael C. Mozer Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado,
Regent Road andColorado Avenue, Boulder,CO 80309-0430
AnujV.Mundi ElectricalandComputerEngineeringDepartment,Universityof
Florida, NEB 463—P.O.Box 116130,Gainesville,FL 32611-6130
Richard Muntz Electrical Engineering Department, University of California at
LosAngeles,7702-B, BoelterHall,Box 951594,LosAngeles,CA90095-1594
Elizabeth D. Mynatt Georgia Institute of Technology, College of Computing,
801 AtlanticDrive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0280
PaddyNixon DepartmentofComputerandInformationSciences,TheUniversity
of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ,
Scotland
Alex Pentland The Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Wiesner Building,20 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
Mani Srivastava Electrical Engineering Department, University of California at
LosAngeles,7702-B, BoelterHall,Box 951594,LosAngeles,CA90095-1594
Howard E.Shrobe ArtificialIntelligence Laboratory,Massachusetts Instituteof
Technology, Cambridge,MA 02139
S. Terzis Department of Computer and Information Sciences, The University of
Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ,
Scotland
W.Wagealla DepartmentofComputerandInformationSciences,TheUniversity
of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ,
Scotland
G.MichaelYoungblood DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering,The
University ofTexas at Arlington,Box 19015,Arlington, TX 76019
&FOREWORD
HOWARD E. SHROBE
MIT Computer Science andArtificialIntelligence Laboratory
In 1991, Mark Weiser described his vision of an emerging world of pervasive,
embeddedcomputation.Hepredicted“aphysicalworldthatisrichlyandinvisibly
interwoven with sensors, actuators, displays, and computational elements, embed-
dedseamlesslyintheeverydayobjectsofourlivesandconnectedthroughacontinu-
ousnetwork.”Thisvision isbecomingareality:the ever-increasingavailabilityof
inexpensive computation and storage has introduced computers into nearly every
facet of our everyday lives, while a revolution in communications has brought
high-bandwidth communications into our homes and offices. Wireless communi-
cations also has exploded, making digitalservicesavailable nearlyeverywhere.
But what is the nature of this revolution in technology? How will it impact our
lives? And what new technical challenges will it present? The ubiquity of compu-
tation and communication is not the only manifestation of the revolution. Much
ofthisemergingcomputationisembedded:theprocessorsinyourphones,cars,per-
sonaldigitalassistants(PDAs),andhomeappliances.Increasingly,theseembedded
computersareactinginconcertwithothercomputationalelementsaspartofalarger
ensemble.Thus,wehaveprocessorsatoneendofthespectrumprovidingmegahertz
cycleratesandafewkilobytesofmemory,whileattheotherendwehavemachines
providing gigahertz cycle rates, gigabytes of primary storage, and terabytes of
persistent storage. Across every dimension of interest—processor power, primary
memory, persistent storage, communications bandwidth, and display capabili-
ties—we witness a variability of at least three orders of magnitude. This broad
span of capabilities represents a new computational framework, particularly when
werealizethattheubiquityofcommunicationsbandwidthsoftenmakesitpossible
to locate computational tasks at whatever point in this hierarchy makes the most
sense. This represents a radically new framework for distributed and mobile
computation.
A second striking new feature of the emerging ubiquitous computing environ-
ment is the mobility of the user. We are already beginning to see the convergence
of a variety of technologies, all of which serve as personal computational acces-
sories: Internet-capable smart cell phones, wireless-enabled PDAs, and music
players,suchastheAppleIPOD,thatmovewiththeuserbutinonewayoranother
are tapped into the pervasive communications and computing environment. In the
xi