Smart Electrical Grid System: Design Principle, Modernization, and Techniques

293 Pages·2022·12.913 MB·English

by  Krishan Arora, Suman Lata Tripathi, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban

Smart Electrical Grid
S ystem
Smart Engineering Systems:
Design and Applications
Series Editor:
Suman Lata Tripathi
Internet of Things
Robotic and Drone Technology
Edited by Nitin Goyal, Sharad Sharma, Arun
Kumar Rana, and Suman Lata Tripathi
Smart Electrical Grid System
Design Principle, Modernization, and Techniques
Edited by Krishan Arora, Suman Lata Tripathi, and
Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban
For more information about this series, please visit: https:// www.routledge.com/
Smart Electrical Grid
S ystem
Design Principle, Modernization, and
Techniques
Edited by
Krishan Arora, Suman Lata Tripathi, and
Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban
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© 2023 selection and editorial matter, Krishan Arora, Suman Lata Tripathi, and Sanjeevikumar
Padmanaban; individual chapters, the contributors
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DOI: 10.1201/ 9781003242277
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Contents
Preface......................................................................................................................vii
Editors .......................................................................................................................ix
Contributors ..............................................................................................................xi
Chapter 1 Internet of Things Based Modernization of
Smart Electrical Grid ...........................................................................1
Krishan Arora
Chapter 2 Role of Non-Conventional Energy Resources in
Today’s Environment ..........................................................................15
Pradeep Singh Thakur, Krishan Arora, and
Umesh C. Rathore
Chapter 3 Flexible Load and Renewable Energy Integration with Impact
on Voltage Profile of a Large Size Grid .............................................31
Bhavesh Vyas, Vineet Dahiya, and M. P. Sharma
Chapter 4 Energy Storing Devices for Sustainable Environment .......................53
Radhika G. Deshmukh
Chapter 5 Clean and Green Energy Fundamentals ............................................77
J. Dhanaselvam, V. Rukkumni, T. Chinnadurai,
K. Saravanakumar, and M. Karthigai Pandian
Chapter 6 Evaluation of Sustainable Window for Energy Mitigation in an
Electrical Grid Building .....................................................................95
Amit Kumar Dhir and Pushpendra Kumar Sharma
Chapter 7 Filter Bank Multicarrier for Smart Grid Systems ............................103
Shakti Raj Chopra
Chapter 8 Recent Trends in Economic Scheduling and Emission Dispatch
of Distributed Generators in Microgrids ..........................................119
Tanuj Mishra, Amit Kumar Singh, and Vikram Kumar Kamboj
v
vi Contents
Chapter 9 Forecasting of Tensile–Shear Strength of JSC 590RN
Low-Carbon Steel Spot Welds Using Taguchi Technique
Used in Electrical Grids ...................................................................127
Abhishek Tyagi, Gaurav Kumar, Mukesh Kumar, and
Krishan Arora
Chapter 10 Experimental Analysis of Surface Integrity of Machined
Stainless Steel (SS-304) by Taguchi Method Coupled with
GRA Used in Electrical Grids .........................................................139
Gaurav Kumar, Kapil Kumar Goyal,
Mukesh Kumar, and Krishan Arora
Chapter 11 Energy Storage Devices Based on 2D Phosphorene as an
Electrode Material ............................................................................151
A. Gomathi, T. Prabhuraj, P. Maadeswaran, and
K. A. Ramesh Kumar
Chapter 12 Application and Performance Analysis of Various
Nature-Inspired Algorithm in AGC Synthesis .................................169
Shelja, Pawan Kumar, and Aman Ganesh
Chapter 13 Unified Smith Predictor for MIMO Systems with Multiple Time
Delays ...............................................................................................179
Ashu Ahuja and Bhawna Tandon
Chapter 14 Renewable Energy Sources and Small Hydro Power Scenario in
Mountainous Regions of Himalayas ................................................193
Umesh C. Rathore, Sanjeev Singh, Pradeep Singh Thakur, and
Krishan Arora
Chapter 15 A Comprehensive Review on Energy Storage Systems ...................211
A. Gayathri, V. Rukkumani, V. Manimegalai, and P. Pandiyan
Chapter 16 Cyber and Theft Attacks on Smart Electric Metering Systems:
An Overview of Defenses ................................................................253
Asif Iqbal Kawoosa and Deepak Prashar
Index ......................................................................................................................277
Preface
A smart electrical grid serves several purposes, and the transition from traditional
electric grids to smart grids is driven by multiple factors, including the deregula-
tion of the energy market, evolutions in metering, changes in the level of electricity
production, distributed energy system, changing regulations, the increase in micro-
generation and microgrids, renewable energy sources, and new purposes for which
electricity is needed (e.g., electrical vehicle charging points). The smart grid enables
electricity producers to enhance reliability, availability, and efficiency. It can provide
cost savings—both for utilities and for consumers—and even environmental ben-
efits. It will allow for faster restoration of power after outages and supports better
integration of distributed generation resources, including renewable energy, to the
larger grid. This book also supports the grid integration of large-scale renewable
energy resources along with the challenge to lower the losses incurred with efficient
power transmission.
Load frequency control approaches also play a significant role in modeling, anal-
ysis, prediction of the performance, and effective control and utilization of smart
energy systems. This book will cover smart techniques that are fruitful at different
levels of design and development of smart electrical grids and next-generation smart
energy systems. The smart electrical grid will become a potential area of research
when every underdeveloped country is trying to focus on smart cities and urban plan-
ning with a new level and standards.
Wind and solar generation methods by their inherent characteristics are variable
and pose a severe challenge to grid security and system stability. To facilitate renew-
able integration into the grid, transmission and balancing reserves are required. In
conventional power grids, the outer areas of cities and rural areas were built with
technologies that are decades old. These grids were considered the peak of energy
engineering. As decades have passed, new advancements in the energy industry
have been made, and older power grids are being replaced with smarter and more
efficient grids that come with better energy management and information track-
ing. With access to real-time data, based on household energy consumption and its
major contributors, energy companies can assist homeowners to effectively manage
their energy usage. Using the data, they can make informed recommendations about
behavioral changes that will have a clear impact on a household’s energy efficiency.
In short, the digital technology that allows for wireless communication between
the utility and its customers, and the sensing along the transmission lines is what
makes the grid smart. Like the Internet, the smart grid will consist of controls, com-
puters, automation, and new technologies and equipment working together, but in
this case, these technologies will work with the electrical grid to respond digitally to
our quickly changing electric demand.
This book presents novel concepts in the development of smart cities and smart
grids and discusses the technologies involved in producing efficient and economically
feasible energy technologies around the world. Also, the proposed book serves the
needs of industry professionals, researchers, and doctoral students studying energy
vii
viii Preface
technologies. This book will mainly focus on three areas of electrical engineering
that are control systems, power electronics, and renewable resources, including arti-
ficial intelligence for the development of the smart electrical grid.
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Editors
Dr. Krishan Arora completed his PhD in the area of Electrical Engineering in MM
(Deemed to Be) University, Ambala. He did his MTech in Electrical Engineering in
IKG Punjab Technical University, Punjab, and BTech in Electrical and Electronics
Engineering in IKG Punjab Technical University, Punjab. He is associated with
Lovely Professional University as an Associate Professor with more than 13 years
of experience in academics. He has been serving as Head of Department (Labs) in
School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University,
since February 2017. He has published more than 40 research papers in refereed
IEEE, Springer, and IOPscience journals and conferences. He has organized several
workshops, summer internships, and expert lectures for students. He has supervised
more than 10 postgraduate theses and more than 15 undergraduate student’s projects.
He has completed 15 non-government and consultancy projects. He has attended/par-
ticipated in 24 national/international online webinars. His area of expertise includes
electrical machines, non-conventional energy sources, load frequency control, auto-
matic generation control, and modernization of smart grids. He has taught various
courses to UG and PG levels, such as power electronics, non-conventional energy
sources, electric drives, induction and synchronous machines, and digital electronics.
Dr. Suman Lata Tripathi completed her PhD in the area of microelectronics and
VLSI in MNNIT, Allahabad. She did her MTech in Electronics Engineering in UP
Technical University, Lucknow, and BTech in Electrical Engineering in Purvanchal
University, Jaunpur. She is associated with Lovely Professional University as a
Professor with more than 17 years of experience in academics. She has published
more than 55 research papers in refereed IEEE, Springer, and IOPscience journals
and conferences. She has also published 9 Indian patents and 1 copyright. She has
organized several workshops, summer internships, and expert lectures for students.
She has worked as a session chair, conference steering committee member, edito-
rial board member, and reviewer in international/national IEEE journals and confer-
ences. She received the “Research Excellence Award” in 2019 at Lovely Professional
University. She had received the best paper at IEEE ICICS-2018. She has edited
more than 12 books/1 book series in different areas of electronics and electrical
engineering. She is associated for editing work with top publishers such as Elsevier,
CRC Press/Taylor and Francis, Wiley-IEEE, SP Wiley, Nova Science, and Apple
Academic Press. She has published the edited books Recent Advancement in
Electronic Device, Circuit and Materials (Nova Science Publishers, 2020),
Advanced VLSI Design and Testability Issues (CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, 2022),
and Electronic Devices and Circuit Design Challenges for IoT Application (Apple
Academic Press, 2020). She is also an editor of Green Energy: Fundamentals,
Concepts, and Applications (Wiley-Scrivener Publishing, 2021) and Design and
Development of Energy Efficient Systems (Wiley-Scrivener Publishing, in press).
She is also associated with Wiley-IEEE for her multi-authored (ongoing) book in
the area of VLSI design with HDLs. She is also working as the series editor for
ix