Smart City Networks: Through the Internet of Things PDF
Preview Smart City Networks: Through the Internet of Things
Springer Optimization and Its Applications 125 Stamatina Th. Rassia Panos M. Pardalos Editors Smart City Networks Through the Internet of Things Springer Optimization and Its Applications VOLUME 125 ManagingEditor PanosM.Pardalos(UniversityofFlorida) Editor-CombinatorialOptimization Ding-ZhuDu(UniversityofTexasatDallas) AdvisoryBoard J.Birge(UniversityofChicago) S.Butenko(TexasA&MUniversity) F.Giannessi(UniversityofPisa) H.D.Sherali(VirginiaPolytechnicandStateUniversity) T.Terlaky(LehighUniversity) Y.Ye(StanfordUniversity) AimsandScope Optimizationhasbeenexpandinginalldirectionsatanastonishingrateduringthe lastfewdecades.Newalgorithmicandtheoreticaltechniqueshavebeendeveloped, thediffusionintootherdisciplineshasproceededatarapidpace,andourknowledge ofallaspectsofthefieldhasgrownevenmoreprofound.Atthesametime,oneof themoststrikingtrendsinoptimizationistheconstantlyincreasingemphasisonthe interdisciplinarynatureofthefield.Optimizationhasbeenabasictoolinallareas ofappliedmathematics,engineering,medicine,economicsandothersciences. The series SpringerOptimization and Its Applicationspublishesundergraduate and graduate textbooks, monographs and state-of-the-art expository works that focusonalgorithmsforsolvingoptimizationproblemsandalsostudyapplications involvingsuchproblems.Someofthetopicscoveredincludenonlinearoptimization (convexand nonconvex),networkflow problems,stochastic optimization,optimal control, discrete optimization, multi-objective programming, description of soft- warepackages,approximationtechniquesandheuristicapproaches. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/7393 Stamatina Th. Rassia • Panos M. Pardalos Editors Smart City Networks Through the Internet of Things 123 Editors StamatinaTh.Rassia PanosM.Pardalos INSEAD IndustrialandSystemsEngineering Fontainebleau,France UniversityofFlorida Gainesville,FL,USA ISSN1931-6828 ISSN1931-6836 (electronic) SpringerOptimizationandItsApplications ISBN978-3-319-61312-3 ISBN978-3-319-61313-0 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-61313-0 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017951715 MathematicsSubjectClassification(2010):05C82,05C85,11Bxx,11B05,34B45 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Smart City Networks: Through the Internet of Things is composed of research results, analyses, and ideas, which focus on a diversity of interconnected factors relating with urbanization, its “smartness,” and overarching “internet of things (IoT).” The latter refers to interconnected objects and devices – through compu- tationaloperations–whichcanreceivesignalsandactuatesystems. City functions and their respective network “smartness” correspond to the overarching paradigm of the IoT. However, city networks are highly complex. Therefore, their network organization, quality control, operations, and efficiency areopenforfurtherresearch.Morespecifically,duetothevasturbanizationandthe need for a faster pace of living – by means of taking shortest paths, minimizing walking and commuting distances – special factors that support the syntax of cities’smartnessareyettobeidentified.Althoughtheoriesandconceptshavebeen developedsofaronthetopicofIoT,applicationsinactualcitiesandtheirnetworks areopenforfurtherresearch.Hence,thequestionraisedinthisbookistoidentifya numberofinterconnectedelementsofthecities,whichnotonlyhaveanimpacton itsfunctionalitybutalsoimportantlyaffectitslivability. Cities are both “living organisms”and “machinesfor living in,” and therefore, there is a multitude of themes composing the groundworkupon which new ideas for future cities could be considered. Thus, in this book cities are examined as environments of systemic change, as unified technological advancements, com- putational models, natural environments, visuospatial platforms, and more. They arealsoanalyzedaccordingtotheirsustainability,properties,aswellasnavigation protocols. Each chapter of this book studies a topic of interest in terms of promoting smartfuturecitynetworksandthuspresentsthevarietyofinterconnectedelements related to the “Internet of things.” The special characteristic of this book is that it acts as an open platform of expression for all its authorsto presenttheir views, understanding, and results on this complex yet fascinating topic. As the research on IoT is rapidly growing worldwide, in many different research directions and disciplines,thepresentbookoffersaframeworkwhereinternationalexpertspresent v vi Preface eminentworkandhighlightspecialapproachestothistopic.Inacknowledgmentof allchaptercontributionsinthisbook,wewouldliketoexpressourspecialthanksto allauthorswhoparticipatedinthiscollectiveeffort. Lastbutnotleast,wewishtoacknowledgethesuperbassistancethatthestaffof Springerhasprovidedduringthepreparationofthisbook. INSEAD,France StamatinaTh.Rassia UniversityofFlorida,USA PanosM.Pardalos Contents DesigningAccesstoNatureforResidentialBuildings ....................... 1 NickV.Baker VirtualandAugmentedRealityApplicationsinBuildingIndustry........ 11 ShahrokhShamalinia Asia’sCities:Necessity,ChallengesandSolutionsforGoing‘Smart’ ..... 25 RupeshS.Iyengar DevelopmentofSmartCitiesfromFictiontoRealityinMember StatesoftheGulfCooperationCouncil........................................ 43 JihadAwad,AfaqHyder,andAdiIrfan SmartCities:DistributedIntelligenceorCentralPlanning? ............... 65 HermannHakenandJuvalPortugali WirelessProtocolsforSmartCities............................................ 87 GauravSarin LeveragingSmartCityProjectsforBenefittingCitizens: TheRoleofICTs................................................................. 111 RenataPaolaDameriandFrancescaRicciardi Energy Consumption of the Building Sector: Incorporating Urbanization,LocalClimateChange,andEnergyPoverty................. 129 M.SantamourisandC.Cartalis SystemsScience SimulationModeling toInformUrbanHealth PolicyandPlanning.............................................................. 151 YanLi,JoIveyBoufford,andJoséA.Pagán vii viii Contents SmartCitiesIoT:EnablersandTechnologyRoadMap..................... 167 LarissaR.Suzuki CitiesasVisuospatialNetworks ................................................ 191 A.NatapovandD.Fisher-Gewirtzman HiddenGeometryofUrbanLandscapesforSmartCityPlanners......... 207 DimitriVolchenkov Contributors JihadAwad DepartmentofArchitecture,AjmanUniversity,Ajman,UAE NickV.Baker ArchitecturalAssociation,London,UK JoIveyBoufford TheNewYorkAcademyofMedicine,NewYork,NY,USA RenataPaolaDameri DepartmentofEconomicsandBusinessStudies,University ofGenova,Genova,Italy D.Fisher-Gewirtzman Faculty of Architecture & Town Planning, Technion-IIT, Haifa,Israel HermannHaken InstituteforTheoreticalPhysics,CenterofSynergetics,Stuttgart University,Stuttgart,Germany AfaqHyder DepartmentofArchitecture,AjmanUniversity,Ajman,UAE AdiIrfan Department of Architecture, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia RupeshS.Iyengar ServicesConsultants,Bengaluru,India C.Cartalis PhysicsDepartment,NationalandKapodistrianUniversityofAthens, Athens,Greece YanLi CenterforHealthInnovation,TheNewYorkAcademyofMedicine,New York,NY,USA DepartmentofPopulationHealthScienceandPolicy,IcahnSchoolofMedicineat MountSinai,NewYork,NY,USA A.Natapov Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London, London,UK ix x Contributors JoséA.Pagán Center for Health Innovation, The New York Academy of Medicine,NewYork,NY,USA Department of Public Health Policy and Management, College of Global Public Health,NewYorkUniversity,NewYork,NY,USA LeonardDavisInstituteofHealthEconomics,UniversityofPennsylvania,Philadel- phia,PA,USA JuvalPortugali ESLab(EnvironmentalSimulationLab),Departmentof Geogra- phyandtheHumanEnvironment,TelAvivUniversity,TelAviv,Israel FrancescaRicciardi Department of Business Administration, University of Verona,Verona,Italy M.Santamouris School of Built Environment, University of New South Wales, Sydney,NSW,Australia PhysicsDepartment,UniversityofAthens,Athens,Greece GauravSarin DelhiSchoolofBusiness,NewDelhi,India ShahrokhShamalinia IndependentResearcher,Tehran,Iran LarissaR.Suzuki DepartmentofComputerScience,UniversityCollegeLondon, London,UK DigitalCityExchange,ImperialCollegeBusinessSchool,London,UK DimitriVolchenkov Mathematics & Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX,USA ArtificialIntelligenceKeyLaboratory,SichuanUniversityofScienceandEngineer- ing,Sichuan,China
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