Small Unmanned Fixed-Wing Aircraft Design. A Practical Approach

468 Pages·2017·18.1 MB·English

by  Andrew J. Keane

SMALL UNMANNED
FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT
DESIGN
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SMALL UNMANNED
FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT
DESIGN
A Practical Approach
AndrewJ.Keane
UniversityofSouthampton
UK
AndrásSóbester
UniversityofSouthampton
UK
JamesP.Scanlan
UniversityofSouthampton
UK
Thiseditionirstpublished2017
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Keane,AndrewJ.,author.|Sóbester,András,author.|Scanlan,JamesP.,author.
Title:Smallunmannedixed-wingaircraftdesign:apracticalapproach/
AndrewJ.Keane,UniversityofSouthampton,UK,AndrásSóbester,
UniversityofSouthampton,UK,JamesP.Scanlan,Universityof
Southampton,UK.
Description:Firstedition.|Hoboken,NJ,USA:JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,
[2017]|Series:Aerospaceseries|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.|
Identiiers:LCCN2017024962(print)|LCCN2017027876(ebook)|ISBN9781119406327(pdf)|
ISBN9781119406310(epub)|ISBN9781119406297(cloth)
Subjects:LCSH:Droneaircraft–Designandconstruction.|Airplanes–Designandconstruction.
Classiication:LCCTL685.35(ebook)|LCCTL685.35.K432017(print)|DDC629.133/39–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2017024962
Coverimage:Courtesyoftheauthors
CoverdesignbyWiley
Setin10/12pt,TimesLTStdbySPiGlobal,Chennai,India
10987654321
This book is dedicated to the students of the University of Southampton
who have designed, built and lown many UAVs over the last decade
and who have been great fun to work with.
Contents
ListofFigures xvii
ListofTables xxxiii
Foreword xxxv
SeriesPreface xxxvii
Preface xxxix
Acknowledgments xli
PARTI INTRODUCINGFIXED-WINGUAVS
1 Preliminaries 3
1.1 ExternallySourcedComponents 4
1.2 ManufacturingMethods 5
1.3 ProjectDECODE 6
1.4 TheStagesofDesign 6
1.4.1 ConceptDesign 8
1.4.2 PreliminaryDesign 10
1.4.3 DetailDesign 11
1.4.4 ManufacturingDesign 12
1.4.5 In-serviceDesignandDecommissioning 13
1.5 Summary 13
2 UnmannedAirVehicles 15
2.1 ABriefTaxonomyofUAVs 15
2.2 TheMorphologyofaUAV 19
2.2.1 LiftingSurfaces 21
2.2.2 ControlSurfaces 22
2.2.3 FuselageandInternalStructure 23
2.2.4 PropulsionSystems 24
x Contents
2.2.5 FuelTanks 24
2.2.6 ControlSystems 24
2.2.7 Payloads 27
2.2.8 Take-offandLandingGear 27
2.3 MainDesignDrivers 29
PARTII THEAIRCRAFTINMOREDETAIL
3 Wings 33
3.1 SimpleWingTheoryandAerodynamicShape 33
3.2 Spars 37
3.3 Covers 37
3.4 Ribs 38
3.5 FuselageAttachments 38
3.6 Ailerons/RollControl 40
3.7 Flaps 41
3.8 WingTips 42
3.9 Wing-housedRetractableUndercarriage 42
3.10 IntegralFuelTanks 44
4 FuselagesandTails(Empennage) 45
4.1 MainFuselage/NacelleStructure 45
4.2 WingAttachment 47
4.3 EngineandMotorMountings 48
4.4 AvionicsTrays 50
4.5 Payloads – CameraMountings 51
4.6 IntegralFuelTanks 52
4.7 AssemblyMechanismsandAccessHatches 54
4.8 UndercarriageAttachment 55
4.9 Tails(Empennage) 57
5 Propulsion 59
5.1 Liquid-FueledICEngines 59
5.1.1 Glow-plugICEngines 62
5.1.2 SparkIgnitionGasolineICEngines 62
5.1.3 ICEngineTesting 65
5.2 Rare-earthBrushlessElectricMotors 66
5.3 Propellers 68
5.4 Engine/MotorControl 70
5.5 FuelSystems 70
5.6 BatteriesandGenerators 71
6 AirframeAvionicsandSystems 73
6.1 PrimaryControlTransmitterandReceivers 73
6.2 AvionicsPowerSupplies 76
Contents xi
6.3 Servos 78
6.4 Wiring,Buses,andBoards 82
6.5 Autopilots 86
6.6 PayloadCommunicationsSystems 87
6.7 Ancillaries 88
6.8 ResilienceandRedundancy 90
7 Undercarriages 93
7.1 Wheels 93
7.2 Suspension 95
7.3 Steering 95
7.4 RetractableSystems 97
PARTIII DESIGNINGUAVS
8 TheProcessofDesign 101
8.1 GoalsandConstraints 101
8.2 Airworthiness 103
8.3 LikelyFailureModes 104
8.3.1 AerodynamicandStabilityFailure 105
8.3.2 StructuralFailure 106
8.3.3 Engine/MotorFailure 107
8.3.4 ControlSystemFailure 107
8.4 SystemsEngineering 110
8.4.1 Work-breakdownStructure 110
8.4.2 InterfaceDeinitions 112
8.4.3 AllocationofResponsibility 112
8.4.4 RequirementsFlowdown 112
8.4.5 ComplianceTesting 113
8.4.6 CostandWeightManagement 114
8.4.7 Design“Checklist” 117
9 ToolSelection 119
9.1 Geometry/CADCodes 120
9.2 ConceptDesign 123
9.3 OperationalSimulationandMissionPlanning 125
9.4 AerodynamicandStructuralAnalysisCodes 125
9.5 DesignandDecisionViewing 125
9.6 SupportingDatabases 126
10 ConceptDesign:InitialConstraintAnalysis 127
10.1 TheDesignBrief 127
10.1.1 DrawingupaGoodDesignBrief 127
10.1.2 EnvironmentandMission 128
10.1.3 Constraints 129