Table Of Content

Chemical and Energy Engineering K Small-Scale Gas to a n “With the recent explosion of unconventional gas recovery, new biogas technologies, e l and advances in reforming processes, the gas to liquid (GTL) process has become l o very important in the energy and fuel industry. This book is an extensive compilation p Liquid Fuel Synthesis o of the present state of the art of this important process by a set of internationally u renowned authors. The book will be very useful to those engaged in active research lo in various aspects of GTL processes. The book can also be used as a reference for s the graduate courses related to fuel conversion processes.” —Y.T. Shah, Norfolk State University, Virginia, USA Edited by It is estimated that a large fraction of natural gas reserves are found in locations Nick Kanellopoulos from where transport is not economical. If these isolated natural gas reserves could L be converted to synthetic fuels, they would generate around 250 billion barrels of iS synthetic oil—a quantity equal to one-third of the Middle East’s proven oil reserves. q m u Small-Scale Gas to Liquid Fuel Synthesis explores next-generation technologies ia geared toward overcoming the significant cost and technical barriers prohibiting d the extensive use of conventional processes for the exploitation of small and/or l l isolated natural gas reservoirs. The book highlights key research activities in the - F framework of two large European projects—Innovative Catalytic Technologies & S u Materials for Next Gas to Liquid Processes (NEXT-GTL) and Oxidative Coupling of Methane followed by Oligomerization to Liquids (OCMOL)—examining novel ec technical developments that reduce the costs associated with air fractioning and a l syngas production. l S e Featuring contributions from internationally respected experts, Small-Scale Gas y to Liquid Fuel Synthesis discusses innovative GTL technologies based on recent G n advances in catalytic membrane systems, reaction engineering, and process design. The book provides academic and industrial researchers with a concise presentation ta of the current state of the art of low-cost, energy-efficient GTL technologies for h s small-scale applications. e st o K20945 i 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW s Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 ISBN: 978-1-4665-9938-3 711 Third Avenue 90000 New York, NY 10017 an informa business 2 Park Square, Milton Park www.crcpress.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK 9 781466 599383 w w w. c r c p r e s s . c o m K20945 rev3 mech.indd 1 1/7/15 11:27 AM Small-Scale Gas to Liquid Fuel Synthesis Small-Scale Gas to Liquid Fuel Synthesis Edited by Nick Kanellopoulos CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20141218 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-9939-0 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Preface.......................................................................................................................ix Editor ........................................................................................................................xi Contributors ...........................................................................................................xiii Section i integration of innovative Membranes and Sorbents with the GtL Process Chapter 1 Status of Research and Challenges in Converting Natural Gas ...........3 Salvatore Abate, Gabriele Centi, and Siglinda Perathoner Chapter 2 Oxygen Transporting Membranes in Syngas Production ..................51 Jürgen Caro and Fangyi Liang Chapter 3 Recent Developments in Membrane Technologies for CO 2 Separation ...........................................................................................85 Charitomeni Veziri, Anastasios Labropoulos, Georgios N. Karanikolos, and Nick K. Kanellopoulos Chapter 4 H and Olefin/Paraffin Separation with Porous Materials: State 2 of the Art and New Developments ...................................................135 Canan Gücüyener, Jorge Gascon, and Freek Kapteijn Chapter 5 Separation of Ethylene/Ethane Mixtures with Silver Zeolites .........189 Sonia Aguado and David Farrusseng Chapter 6 Selective Removal of CH from CH /CO/H Mixtures ....................199 4 4 2 Carlos A. Grande, Giorgia Mondino, Anna Lind, Ørnulv Vistad, and Duncan Akporiaye v vi Contents Section ii integration of innovative catalysts with the GtL Process Chapter 7 Combining Catalyst Formulation and Microkinetic Methodologies in the Detailed Understanding and Optimization of Methane Oxidative Coupling .......................................................227 P.N. Kechagiopoulos, L. Olivier, C. Daniel, A.C. van Veen, Joris W. Thybaut, Guy B. Marin, and C. Mirodatos Chapter 8 New Trends in Catalyst Design for Methane Dehydroaromatization ......................................................................263 M. Teresa Portilla, Christiaan H.L. Tempelman, Cristina Martínez, and Emiel J.M. Hensen Chapter 9 Structured Catalysts on Metal Supports for Light Alkane Conversion ........................................................................................293 Leonid M. Kustov Chapter 10 Methane Dry Reforming on Nanocomposite Catalysts: Design, Kinetics, and Mechanism .................................................................315 V.A. Sadykov, L.N. Bobrova, N.V. Mezentseva, S.N. Pavlova, Yu. E. Fedorova, A.S. Bobin, Z. Yu. Vostrikov, T.S. Glazneva, M. Yu. Smirnova, N.N. Sazonova, V.A. Rogov, A. Ishchenko, Guy B. Marin, Joris W. Thybaut, V.V. Galvita, Y. Schuurman, and C. Mirodatos Chapter 11 Development of Bifunctional Ni-Based Catalysts for the Heterogeneous Oligomerization of Ethylene to Liquids ..................377 A. Martínez, M.A. Arribas, and S. Moussa Chapter 12 Understanding the Mechanisms of Gas to Liquid Processes with the Aid of Quantum Chemistry Tools: Case Studies of the Shilov Reaction and Natural Gas Aromatization...................401 Dorota Rutkowska-Zbik, Renata Tokarz-Sobieraj, and Małgorzata Witko Contents vii Section iii innovative oxidative and nonoxidative GtL Processes Chapter 13 Production of High-Octane Fuel Components by Dehydroalkylation of Benzene with Mixtures of Ethane and Propane ......................................................................................429 Dennis Wan Hussin and Yvonne Traa Chapter 14 Syngas to Liquids via Oxygenates ...................................................441 Marius Westgård Erichsen, Juan Salvador Martinez-Espin, Finn Joensen, Shewangizaw Teketel, Pablo del Campo Huertas, Karl Petter Lillerud, Stian Svelle, Pablo Beato, and Unni Olsbye Chapter 15 Solar-Aided Syngas Production via Two-Step, Redox-Pair-Based Thermochemical Cycles .....................................................................475 Christos Agrafiotis, Martin Roeb, and Christian Sattler Chapter 16 Membrane-Assisted CPO: A New Sustainable Syngas Process ......515 G. Iaquaniello, A. Salladini, E. Palo, Salvatore Abate, and Gabriele Centi Chapter 17 Methane Direct Aromatization Process from an Industrial Perspective: Technical Catalyst and Conceptual Design for Reactor and Process .........................................................................531 Jens Aßmann, Rainer Bellinghausen, and Leslaw Mleczko