Small mammals of Uganda

2009·113.8 MB·English

by  Erik Thorn

museum
KOENIG
BONNER ZOOLOGISCHE
55
MONOGRAPHIEN
2009
Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn
Erik Thorn
BONNER ZOOLOGISCHE MONOGRAPHIEN
Schrifdeitung/ Editor
Kad-L. Schuchmann
Zoologisches ForschungsmuseumAlexanderKoenig (ZFMK)
Ornithologie
Adenauerallee 160
D-53113 Bonn, Germany-
Email: [email protected]
Die Reihe BONNERZOOLOGISCHE MONOGRAPHIEN (BZM) erscheintseit 1971 in regelmäßiger
Folge. PubliziertwerdenOriginalbeiträgeinenglischerSprache.DieBZMnehmenvorallemsolcheArbeiten
auf,diezuumfangreichsind,uminderZeitschriftBONNERZOOLOGISCHEBEITRÄGEzuerscheinen.
SchwerpunktederBZMsind:Systematik,Taxonomie,Biogeographie,AnatomieundEvolutionsbiologie.Alle
eingereichtenManuskriptewerdenbegutachtet.Autorenwerdengebeten,sichvorManuskripr^'^orlagemitdem
SchriftleiterinVerbindungzu setzen.
ErwerbderBZM:Bibliothek,ZoologischesForschungsmuseumAlexanderKoenig(ZFMK),Adenauerallee 160,
D-53113 Bonn, Germany.
Thepeer-reviewedseriesBONNERZOOLOGISCHEMONOGRAPHIEN(BZM)hasexistedsince 1971.
The BZM consist oforiginal zoology papers too long for inclusion in our institute's journal BONNER
ZOOLOGISCHE BEITRAGE. Preferredmanuscripttopicsare: systematics, taxonomy, biogeography, ana-
tomy, andevolutionarybiology. ManuscriptsmustbeinAmericanEnglish.Authorsarerequestedtocontact
the editorpriorto manuscript submittal.
The BZM maybe obtainedfrom:TheLibrary,A. Koenig-Zoological Research Institute andMuseum of
Zoology,Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany.
Authors ofthis issue: ErikThorn &Julian Kerbis Peterhans
Published:July2009
BonnerzoologischeMonographien Nr. 55, 164 pp.
This issuewas sponsored bySparkasse KölnBonn.
Editorial assistants ofthis issue: Yvonne Kruschinski,AngelaSchmitz Ornes, and Brian Hillcoat
Cover:Various taxaofChrysochloridae,Tenrecidae, Erinaceidae, Soricidae, andMacroscelididae. Fordetails
see Figs. 51, 72, pp. 78, 104. Drawings byErikThorn.
Price: EUR56,-
&
Erik Thorn Julian Kerbis Peterhans
with contributionsfromJonathan Baranga,
Michael Huhndorf, Rainer Hutterer, and Robert Kityo
SMALL MAMMALS OF UGANDA
Bats, shrews, hedgehog, golden-moles, otter-tenrec,
elephant-shrews, and hares
© Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn
i
THORN&KERBISPETERHANS,SMALLMAMMALSOFUGANDA
CONTENTS
Abstract 5
Acknowledgments 6
Abbreviations 7
1. Introduction 9
2. CHIROPTERA Erik Thorn,JulianKerbisPeterhans,JonathanBamnga 12
Pteropodidae 12
Hipposideridae 24
Rhinolqphidae 30
Megadermatidae 34
Nycteridae 35
Rhinopomatidae 37
Emballonuridae 39
Vespertilionidae 41
Molossidae 64
Rejectedspecies reports andpossibleadditions 73
3. EULIPOTYPHLA 76
Soricidae Erik Thorn,JulianKerbisPeterhans 76
Rejectedspecies reports andpossibleadditions Erik Thorn 98
Erinaceidae Erik Thorn 99
4. AFROSORICIDA 101
Chrysochloridae Erik Thorn,JulianKerbisPeterhans 101
Tenrecidae Erik Thorn,JulianKerbisPeterhans 102
Macroscelididae Erik Thorn 102
LAGOMORPHA
5. 107
Leporidae Erik Thorn 107
6. References 112
7. Appendix 1 124
Ugandawith its official post-1996 provinces 124
Localitiesofspecimens studied 125
8. Appendix2 126
OrderChiroptera: keyto thefamilies 126
3
9. Appendix 3 127
Newadditions and noteworthyrecords ofthe batfaunaofUganda, Rwanda, and the
Democratic RepublicofCongo RobertKityo,JulianKerbisPeterhans,MichaelHuhndorf,
RainerHutterer 127
10. Appendix4 141
The description ofa newspecies ofSuncusfrom centralAfrica
JulianKerbisPeterhans, RainerHutterer 141
11. Appendix 5 151
Gazetteer 151
Citations and notes forcoordinateslisted in gazetteer 160
12. Index 162
THORN&KERBISPETERHANS,SMALLMAMMALSOFUGANDA
ABSTRACT
Thisvolumecovers anumerous buthithertopoorly-documented portionofthemammal faunaofUganda,
andpresentsadefinitivereferencetoidentificationanddistributionofspecies,andtoresearchonthemwith-
in that country. It covers all known Chiroptera (bats), Soricidae (shrews), Chrysochloridae (golden-moles),
Macroscelididae (elephant-shrews), Leporidae (hares), andthesinglespecies eachofErinaceidae (hedgehog)
andPotamogalidae(otter-tenrec). ItcomplementsDelany's (1975) treatmentofUgandarodents (whichnow
needs much updating).
Theprojectbeganwithidentificationofayear'scollection(DonaldA.SmithCollection,DAS)fromUganda
takenbytheseniorauthor'sfriendDonaldA. SmithofOttawa; mostlyofrodents, bats, andshrews, recently
donatedtoRoyalOntarioMuseum.Inthedecadessince,collectionsfromover 15majorinstitutionsinNorth
AmericaandEuropehavebeenstudiedandanalyzed.WearegratefulfortheinitialcontributionofJonathan
Baranga.Also chapters on the4 Ugandaspecies ofelephant-shrews and 3 ofleporids owe much to previous
studiesbyGordonCorbet(BMNH) andJohnFluxrespectively.Sourcesofspecimensfromeachlocality,and
references to them aregiven.Welistthe museums and theirhostingstaff, and thosewhose correspondence
aidedus. Overthewholeproject,goodfriendsDonaldSmith,AllanBrookstofMiracleBeach, B.C., (who
oftenprovidedliteraturefromhislibrary),MurrayJohnsontofTacoma,WA,andspeciallyDieterKock(SMF),
KarlKoopmant(AMNH),andJohnHillt (BMNH)gaveneededencouragement.RobertWilihnganzhelped
withcomputerproblems (t deceased).
A total of95 species ofbats were identified by us from Uganda specimens and 3 more are considered
validrecordsalthoughUgandaspecimenshavenotbeenlocated:2speciesfromthelateRobertHayman(BM-
NH), and 1 fromJohnWilliams (NMK). Wewelcome details ofseveral rare and newlydiscovered Uganda
batsinachapterbyRobertKityo,JulianKerbisPeterhans,MichaelHuhndorf,andRainerHutterer.33species
ofshrews were identified in museums, including description ofa newspecies (see chapter byJulian Kerbis
Peterhans and Rainer Hutterer). One givenType locality is corrected from Uganda to Kenya, another may
bechangedfrom D. R. Congo toUganda. Itishopedthattheserecordswillbeofconsiderableusenotonly
to zoologists, butalso to medical, agricultural, forestry, and conservationworkers.
Key words: Smallmammals, Chiroptera, Eulipotyphla, Afrosoricida, Lagomorpha, identification keys, anatomy,
morphology, zoogeography, taxonomy, systematics, behavior, ecology, Suncus hututsi sp. nov., Uganda,Africa.
5
BONNERZOOLOGISCHEMONOGRAPHIENNr.55/2009
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Forassistanceinthefield (1989-2001) anddataexchangeweareindebtedtoP.K.Austin (formerlyFMNH),
J. Chupasko (MCZ),TP. Gnoske (FMNH), BA. Harney(FMNH), B.J. Hayward, D. Lunde (AMNH), B.
Marks (formerly FMNH), R. Mbababazi (ITFC), M. Schulenberg (FMNH), W.T Stanley (FMNH), E.
Sarmiento(AMNH),E.Tibenda(ITFC),andD.Willard(FMNH).FinancialsupportfromtheEllenThorne
SmithFundandMarshallFieldIIIFundofTheFieldMuseumpartiallycoveredfieldexpensesintheRuwenzoris
(1989-1990).TheearlyworkofJulianKerbis Peterhans (JKP) in ChicagowaspartiallysupportedbytheW.
andJ.StreetFundwhileapost-doctoralassociateatFieldMuseum;latersupportwasprovidedbyTheBarbara
BrownFund. RecentUgandanspecimensfromBwindi-ImpenetrableNP,andtheBudongoandMabiraForest
ReserveswerecollectedundertheauspicesofaJohnD.andCatherineT.Mac7\rthurFoundationawardQKP).
ParticipantsintheAfricanTropicalBiodiversityProgram,particularlyE.Tibenda,collectedsomeoftheBINP
specimensunderconsiderationhere. S.Jennings (formerDirector, InstituteofTropicalForestConservation)
and M. Grey provided critical assistance and logistical support during the Ugandan surveys and training
programsatBwindi-ImpenetrableNP. K. MusanaservedasthecapableChiefWardenatBINP. D.Mjumbi
and colleagues collected small mammals during Forest Department surveys coordinated by P. Howard
andT. Davenport, with fundingfrom the European Union.The UgandaNational Council forScience and
Technologyprovidednecessarypermits. FormerGame DepartmentHead, M. Okuaprovidedthenecessary
permitsforexport. ForaccesstoUgandanNationalParkswethankthenDirectorE. EdromaandhisDeputy
E. Otekat. Foraccess to the Ugandan ForestEstate, we thankF. Munyakabere. We aregrateful to the forest
officers thatwere in charge at the time in all the forestsweworked. We are grateful to Makerere University
InstituteforEnvironmentandNaturalResources(E.TukahirwaandespeciallytoP.KasomaandD.Pomeroy)
for providing critical support throughout. We thank R. Kityo, Curator, Makerere University Museum of
Zoologyforaccess to specimens inhis care, far-reachingsupport, andsupplemeritaryinformation. S.Taylor
and F. Aman provided critical proofreading and editing support. S.O. Bober meticulously prepared the
distributionmaps.FinancialsupportcontributingtopublicationcostcamefromRooseveltUniversity(Faculn^
Research and Improvementcommittee) and the FieldMuseum'sAfricaCouncil.
6
THORN&KERBISPETERHANS,SMALLMAMiMALSOFUGANDA
ABBREVIATIONS
AMNH American Museum ofNatural Histor)', NewYork
BMNH Natural Historv'-Museum, London
BINP Bwindi-ImpenetrableNational Park
mm
greatestwidthacross outerbases ofuppercanines, to nearesttenth
cm' length ofuppertoothrow, canine to lastmolar
confl Confluence of -" '
Congo(B) Congo Republic, capital Brazzaville
D. R. Congo Democratic RepublicofCongo, capital Kinshasa
CR(12) crown/rump length ofembrv^o (in mm)
DAS collection DonaldA. Smith, nowin ROM
E height ofear to nearesthalfmm
FA length ofFAin bats
FMNH FieldMuseumofNatural Histor)^, Chicago
FR ForestReserv^e
GR Game Reserv^e
HB head and bodylength
HBBC heightfrom bottom ofauditor)^bullato top ofbraincase
HCOR
heightofcoronoidprocess above ramus ofmandible
HF length ofhindfoot, usuallyincludingclaws, exceptforelephant-shrews andhares
HMZ
Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks, U.K.
I Island
ITFC Institute ofTropical ForestConservation
l\l firstupperincisor, secondlowerincisor, etc.
km kilometers
KMB KoenigMuseum, Bonn
KVNP KidepoValleyNational Park
KFNP KibaleForestNational Park
LACM LosAngeles CountyMuseum, LosAngeles
LTR completelowertoothrow
mm, cm, m millimeter, centimeter, meter
seconduppermolar
greatestwidth to outside ofuppermolars
MAN
lengthofmandible includingincisors
MCZ MuseumofComparative Zoolog)> HarvardU.
MENP MtElgonNP
MFNP Murchison Falls NP
MGNP
MgahingaGorillaNational Park
MHBC
median heightfrom basioccipital to top ofparietal (crest) ofbraincase
MSNG Museo Civico di StoriaNaturale, Genova
MUZM
Makerere UniversityMuseumofZoology, Kampala
MZUT
UniversitadiTorino
w
n, c, s, e, northern, central, southernetc.
NHMW
NaturhistorischesMuseum,Vienna
NMK
NationalMuseumofKenya, Nairobi
NP, PN National Park
NRMS
Naturhistoriska Riksmuset, Stockholm
P Parish
R
P', firstupperpremolar, secondlowerpremolar
7
BONNERZOOLOGISCHEMONOGRAPHIENNr.55/2009
PCM CarnegieMuseum, Pittsburgh
R River
RMNP Ruwenzori Mountains National Park
ROM Royal Ontario Museum,Toronto
sAfrica southernAfrica
SAfrica RepublicofSouthAfrica
SK greatestlength ofskull
SKCC condylo-canine lengthofskull
SKCI condylo-incisive lengthofskull
SMF SenckenbergMuseum, Frankfurt
SMNS Staatliches Museum fürNaturkunde, Stuttgart
T length ofexternal tail
TIB length oftibia
U , U. first upperunicuspid, second lowerunicuspid
UCN
UniversityCollege, Nairobi
UFD Uganda ForestryDepartment
USNM Smithsonian Institute, Museum ofNatural History,Washington
UTR length maxillarytoothrow
WSP totalspan to oustretchedwingtips
WTG
weight to nearesthalfgram
XBC greatestwidthofbraincase
XIO least interorbitallength
XM
width offirst uppermolar
XMST width across mastoidprocesses
XMX
width across maxillary
XPG postglenoidwidth
XSO width acrosssupra-orbitals
XZ width acrosszygomatic arches
ZMA Zoological Museum,Amsterdam
ZMB Zoological Museum, Berlin
ZMK Zoological Museum, Copenhagen
IV25+12+10 fourthdigit, etc. (wing), length metacarpal, phalanges
> 5, < 5 over 5 mm, under 5 mm
In thiswork, external bodymeasurements arequoted to the nearest tenth mm.
8