Small Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Aerospace Engineering

116 Pages·2016·54.36 MB·English

by  Andre C. Marta

Small Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine
Mariana Peralta Páscoa Martinho Marques
Thesis to obtain the Master of Science Degree in
Aerospace Engineering
Supervisor(s): Prof. Aires José Pinto dos Santos
Prof. Edgar Caetano Fernandes
Examination Committee
Chairperson: Prof. Fernando José Parracho Lau
Supervisor: Prof. Edgar Caetano Fernandes
Member of the Committee: Prof. Jorge Manuel Martins Barata
December 2016
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Tomyparents,foreverything.
Tomygrandmother,whodidnotlive
longenoughtoseemebecomeanengineer.
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Acknowledgments
In order to express my gratitude to the people that surround me I would like to start this section with a
quote,fromAntoineSaint-Exupe´ry,thatsays: “Thosewhopassbyusdonotgoalone,anddonotleave
usalone;theyleaveabitofthemselves,andtakealittleofus.”
I must recognize that I have a long list of people who I should be thanking, and I apologize for the
longacknowledgmentsection.
Firstofall,Iwouldliketothankeveryonedirectlyinvolvedinthisproject. Iwanttothankallthestaff
of Omnidea Lda. for taking me in as one of their own. A special word to Hora`cio Moreira, for all the
patience, for sharing his knowledge with me and for guiding me through the process. Thank you for
spendingallthistimeteachingme,forreviewingmyworkandforhelpingme. Iwouldalsoliketothank
Rei Fernandes, for all the good talks during this time, Renato Salles for the help, Ricardo Pereira for
spendingsomuchtimebuildingpiecesfortheteststandandtoFilipaLourenc¸o,whoalwayshadakind
word. ToTiagoPardal,ownerofOmnidea,Iwouldliketothankhimforgivingmethisopportunity.
ToEdgarFernandesandAiresdosSantos,mysupervisors,anenormousthankyouforbeingthere
for me during this time and for guiding me in the right direction, in every step of this work. Most of all,
thankyouforteachingmepatientlyandpersistently.
Forthosewhomadeitpossiblewithoutbeingdirectlyinvolved.
Tomyparents,whothoughtmeunconditionalloveandsupport,whopushedmetobebetter,stronger
andtoflyhigh. Iamsorryforthebadmoodinthedifficulthours. Thisthesisisforyou,becausenoone
elseintheworldhassupportedandlovedmelikeyoudo.
Tomybrother,whopushedmetoovercomemyselfandbeanexampletohim.
Tomyaunts: Isabelthatisasecondmothertome,thathasthekindestheartandbiggestpatience;
andClaudia,likeanoldersisterandoneofmybestfriends,whoIcantalktoandalwayshasanadvice
to give me. Thank you for being there, for believing in me. To my uncle, Nuno, for the example that he
is,fortakingmedownhiswingandshowingmethatIcandomore.
ToJoa˜o,forhisloveandsupport,forbeingproudofmeandmakemelaugh.
Toallmyfriends,thatwerealsoapartofthis. AspecialwordforSarahSaint-Maxent,SaraVelasco,
Carolina Smet, Andreia Ferreira, Anto´nio Fayad and Telma Oliveira. Thank you for putting up with my
difficultpersonalityandforsupportingme.
Tomygrandmother,MariadoCarmo,whooncetoldmeshewouldbeveryproudifhergranddaughter
onedaybecameanengineer.
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Resumo
Esta tese de mestrado insere-se no projecto S-SHE da empresa Omnidea Lda. Ambicionando iniciar-
senoaˆmbitodoslanc¸adores,aOmnideapretendeposicionar-secomumconceitoinovadornaa´reada
pressurizac¸a˜odostanquesdereagentes.
O trabalho desenvolvido visa projectar, construir e testar um proto´tipo. O sistema desenvolvido e´
flex´ıvelosuficienteparapermitirqueoestudosejafaseado. Inicialmenteusa-sepressurizac¸a˜oexterna
paraprovaraestabilidadeeocomportamentodomotore,apo´sestafase,havera´ umestudodoconceito
daautopressurizac¸a˜oatrave´sdearrefecimentoregenerativo.
Esteproto´tiposera´ capazdeproduzirumaforc¸adaordemde25Nefoidesenhadoparaumapressa˜o
de15barnacaˆmara. Oobjectivoinicialna˜opassapormaximizaraeficieˆnciadoproto´tipo,masporter
umsistemaquecujofuncionamentosejaesta´vel.
Otrabalhodesenvolvidopodeserdivididoemquatrofases: projectopreliminar,projectodetalhado,
construc¸a˜o da bancada e testes. A primeira fase inclui todo o dimensionamento da caˆmara de com-
busta˜o, bemcomoaana´lisedaqueima-recorrendoaumsoftware dispon´ıvel. Umapartesignificativa
do trabalho versou tambe´m sobre o estudo da transfereˆncia de calor e arrefecimento da caˆmara. A
ana´lise te´rmica permitiu escolher o material adequado e o combust´ıvel que permite ir de encontro ao
objectivo de autopressurizac¸a˜o. O projecto detalhado foca os pormenores do sistema e o desenho de
algumaspec¸as. Oplanodetestesestevetambe´minclu´ıdonotrabalhodesenvolvido.
A campanha de testes foi o culminar deste projecto e todo o seu plano e tratamento de dados faz
partedestetrabalho.
Palavras-chave:
motor de foguete com reagentes l´ıquidos, autopressurizac¸a˜o, arrefeci-
mentoregenerativo,injec¸a˜ogasosa,ignic¸a˜orepet´ıvel.
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Abstract
ThismasterthesisisapartofS-SHEprojectofthecompanyOmnideaLda. Thecompanyaimstoenter
therocketmarketwithadifferentconceptofpressurizationofthereactantstanks.
In this framework the scope was to design, build and test a prototype. The developed system is
flexible enough to allow a phased study. Initially external pressurization is used to prove the engine’s
stabilityandunderstanditsbehaviour. Afterthisphasethestudyofself-pressurizationusingregenerative
coolingisconducted.
The prototype should be able to produce a thrust of 25N with a chamber pressure of 15bar. At this
stageoftheprojectthere,maximizingtheefficiencywasnotthemainconcern.
Theworkcanbedividedinfourstages: preliminaryproject,detailedproject,constructionandtests.
Thefirstphaseincludesthesizingandtheburnanalysis-usingavailablesoftware. Animportantpartof
theworkhastodowiththeheattransferanalysis. Thisstudyallowstochoosethematerialandthefuel
thatmeetstheprojectrequirements. Thetestplanisalsoapartofthework.
Thetestcampaignandthedataanalysisarethefinalpartofthework.
Keywords:
smallliquidpropellantrocketengine,self-pressurization,regenerativecooling,gaseous
injection,repeatableignition.
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